scholarly journals Probing the nature of an island constraint with a parsed corpus: A case study on the Coordinate Structure Constraint in Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kubota ◽  
Ai Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Coordinate Structure ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Syntactic Constraint ◽  
The Status ◽  
Structure Constraint ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coordinate Structure Constraint

This paper presents a case study of the use of the NINJAL Parsed Corpus of Modern Japanese (NPCMJ) for syntactic research. NPCMJ is the first phrase structure-based treebank for Japanese that is specifically designed for application in linguistic (in addition to NLP) research. After discussing some basic methodological issues pertaining to the use of treebanks for theoretical linguistics research, we introduce our case study on the status of the Coordinate Structure Constraint (CSC) in Japanese, showing that NPCMJ enables us to easily retrieve examples that support one of the key claims of Kubota and Lee (2015): that the CSC should be viewed as a pragmatic, rather than a syntactic constraint. The corpus-based study we conducted moreover revealed a previously unnoticed tendency that was highly relevant for further clarifying the principles governing the empirical data in question. We conclude the paper by briefly discussing some further methodological issues brought up by our case study pertaining to the relationship between linguistic research and corpus development.

scholarly journals Reconsidering the coordinate structure constraint in Japanese and Korean: Syntactic constraint or pragmatic principle?

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kubota ◽  
Jungmee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Coordinate Structure ◽  
Syntactic Constraint ◽  
Pragmatic Principle ◽  
Structure Constraint ◽  
Coordinate Structure Constraint

Whether the Coordinate Structure Constraint (CSC) (Ross, 1967) is a syntactic constraint has been discussed much in the literature. This paper reconsiders this issue by drawing on evidence from Japanese and Korean. Our examination of the CSC patterns in relative clauses in the two languages reveals that a pragmatically-based approach along the lines of Kehler (2002) predicts the relevant empirical patterns straightforwardly whereas alternative syntactic approaches run into many problems. We take these results to provide strong support for the view that the CSC is a pragmatic principle rather than a syntactic constraint.

Comparing Older Persons’ Human Rights: Exploratory Study of the International Older Persons’ Human Rights Index (IOPHRI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-634
Author(s):  
Israel Doron ◽  
Carole Cox ◽  
Benny Spanier
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
The Status ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Actual Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives Over the last 2 decades, several international indices have been developed to describe the status of older persons. None, however, have examined their human rights. The International Older Persons’ Human Rights Index (IOPHRI) fills in this gap by analyzing the formal legislative foundation of human rights for older people. The objective of this exploratory study is to examine the IOPHRI while comparing the legislation in 6 countries. Research Design and Methods A comparative international exploratory study comparing the human rights legislation of 6 countries: United States, Chile, Ireland, South Africa, India, and Australia in 5 different human rights domains: constitutional, protection, familial and informal support, planning, and empowerment. Results The findings suggest that the actual relationship between formal human rights of older persons and the real world is complex: for example, while the IOPHRI index places South Africa in first place, it is far behind compared with all other participants in the Global AgeWatch Index (which measures objective elements such as life expectancy at 60, or poverty rates in old age). Discussion and Implications Measuring and indexing human rights of older persons reveal significant methodological issues. Beyond these methodological challenges, comparing the ranking of the IOPHRI to nonlegalistic indices raises significant questions about the relationship between formal human rights and the actual living experiences of older persons.

scholarly journals Youth Education with Proverbs: A Case Study of Polish Proverbs about Work

10.33496/005 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 51-65
Keyword(s):  
Career Planning ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Collective Wisdom ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Youth Education ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Youth Discourse

This paper focuses on the place of metaphorical narratives in education and in young people’s perceptions of work. Paremiology—the study of proverbs—explores cultural stipulates as scripts imprinted in proverbs, based on metaphor and metonymy, stored in collective wisdom. The article aims to present typical features of proverbs, indicating their potential in teaching: for example, helping in value clarification and career planning based on metaphorical narratives found in youth discourse. The paper discusses theoretical and methodological issues and the potential of applying them in education. First, the basic theoretical assumptions referring to language and culture are introduced, alongside the phenomenon of reasoning through proverbs. Then, proverbs are described, and their use in cross-cultural linguistic research is justified. The new concept of the paremioscript is introduced to demonstrate the power of proverbs in youth culture, and a few case studies are presented as metaphorical carriers of folk wisdom in the collective memory. The paper concerns the mechanism of valuing and embodiment in proverbs and finally discusses the advantages and limitations necessary to be considered in applying paremiology in education.

scholarly journals Restoring Exotic Coordinations to Normalcy

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Word ◽  
Coordinate Structure ◽  
Constraint Violation ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Structure Constraint ◽  
Coordinate Structure Constraint ◽  
Finite Verb

I analyze two instances in German where coordinations seem to violate Ross's (1967) Coordinate Structure Constraint. I follow Schwarz 1998 and argue that the two constructions are underlyingly the same, one deriving from the other through gapping. Using the thesis that the verb-final word order in German involves a short leftward movement of the finite verb or verb phrase, I provide a method of avoiding the Coordinate Structure Constraint violation that would otherwise be expected.

On Movement out of Moved Elements, Labels, and Phases

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Bošković
Keyword(s):  
Verb Second ◽  
Coordinate Structure ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
Structure Constraint ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Quantifier Float ◽  
Coordinate Structure Constraint

The article deduces a modified version of the traditional ban on movement out of moved elements that provides a new perspective on it. Under the proposed analysis, the problem with the movement of YP out of moved XP does not arise at the point where YP moves out of XP, as in previous accounts. Instead, it arises already with the movement of XP: XP itself cannot undergo movement in this case. Any later movement out of XP is then trivially blocked. The proposed analysis leaves room for movement out of moved elements to take place in well-defined contexts. Several constructions bear this out, including German/Dutch r-pronoun constructions, Slavic left-branch extraction, and quantifier float more generally. What the proposed analysis deduces is then not the traditional ban on movement out of moved elements, but a ban on movement of phases with nonagreeing specifiers, which the article argues should replace the former ban. As a result, the analysis also extends to the immobility of verb-second clauses in German. The article also provides a new perspective on the Adjunct Condition (the ban on movement out of adjuncts). It shows that movement out of adjuncts is possible in the same configuration as movement out of moved elements. The proposed account of the latter is then extended to the Adjunct Condition. The article also proposes a labeling-based account of the Coordinate Structure Constraint, which also captures the across-the-board-movement exception.

scholarly journals ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW ARANA ◽  
PAOLO MANCOSU
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Practice ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Third ◽  
Solid Geometry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Desargues Theorem ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Traditional geometry concerns itself with planimetric and stereometric considerations, which are at the root of the division between plane and solid geometry. To raise the issue of the relation between these two areas brings with it a host of different problems that pertain to mathematical practice, epistemology, semantics, ontology, methodology, and logic. In addition, issues of psychology and pedagogy are also important here. To our knowledge there is no single contribution that studies in detail even one of the aforementioned areas.In this paper our major concern is with methodological issues of purity and thus we treat the connection to other areas of the planimetry/stereometry relation only to the extent necessary to articulate the problem area we are after.Our strategy will be as follows. In the first part of the paper we will give a rough sketch of some key episodes in mathematical practice that relate to the interaction between plane and solid geometry. The sketch is given in broad strokes and only with the intent of acquainting the reader with some of the mathematical context against which the problem emerges. In the second part, we will look at a debate (on “fusionism”) in which for the first time methodological and foundational issues related to aspects of the mathematical practice covered in the first part of the paper came to the fore. We conclude this part of the paper by remarking that only through a foundational and philosophical effort could the issues raised by the debate on “fusionism” be made precise. The third part of the paper focuses on a specific case study which has been the subject of such an effort, namely the foundational analysis of the plane version of Desargues’ theorem on homological triangles and its implications for the relationship between plane and solid geometry. Finally, building on the foundational case study analyzed in the third section, we begin in the fourth section the analytic work necessary for exploring various important claims about “purity,” “content,” and other relevant notions.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Non-Formal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
M Ihsan Dacholfany
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Learning Centers ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

The non-formal education of an education service that is not limited by age, time, gender, race (ethnicity, descent), economy, socio-cultural conditions, religion and so on, although formal education is an essential component of lifelong education, Informal education in the framework of lifelong educational services for the community is needed now and in the future. Herewith the Researcher uses analytic descriptive method with case study variation. Descriptive analytic method is a method of research that emphasizes the effort to obtain information about the status or symptoms at the time of the study, provide an overview of the phenomena, also further explain the relationship, and draw the meaning of a desired problem. The research in Learning centers al-Suroya in which there is Non Formal Education which is carried out especially Package B and Package C and others can fulfill a function in the effort to serve the needs of society outside the school system, the main target of non formal education and is needed by the community especially the people who want Continuing education, as well as developing the ability of interest and talent as well as training, in the hope that this program is implemented in accordance with the ability of the community despite many obstacles.

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