scholarly journals The Role of Liquidity Indicators to Assess its Risks and Enhance Capital Adequacy in Banking Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (130) ◽  
pp. 243-255
Author(s):  
Saadallah Abdullah Kareem Snjawi ◽  
Serwan Kareem Essa
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Basel Ii ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Banking Activity ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Important Means

This purpose of the research is to test liquidity ratios to assess bank liquidity risks represented by liquidity ratios (current assets / current liabilities, current assets / total deposits, current assets / total assets, cash credit / total deposits, liquidity coverage ratio LCR, net stable financing ratio NSFR). This research involves evaluating these risks in banks via these ratios, and reveal the most important means used to solve these risks, including the capital adequacy ratio under the Basel II decisions and for selected period (2017-2019).The research reached the most important conclusion, which is the bank sample did not fall into bank liquidity risks throughout the years of research. Tracking specific ratio with adequacy capital of Basel II decisions of the Bank, it is noticed that it exceeds the minimum capital adequacy ratio in all valid measures, whether in Basel II decisions with 8% or the requirements of the central bank of Iraq with 12%. The research suggests some recommendations; one of the most important one is the need for the bank’s management to recognize the risks of liquidity in advance, in addition to increasing its investments to increase the bank’s profitability. Moreover, the bank needs to plan a clear strategy to maintain capital at the appropriate and required level to face liquidity risks

scholarly journals Regulatory Capital is a Panacea for Efficiency, Credit Growth and Reducing Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-287
Author(s):  
Amina Malik ◽  
◽  
Babar Zaheer Butt ◽  
Shahab Ud Din ◽  
Haroon Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Credit Growth ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interest Margin

This study examined the effectiveness of regulatory capital in enhancing efficiency and credit growth and reducing bad loans in commercial banks listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2010 to 2019. Precisely, the impact of capital adequacy ratio (CAR) was studied on net interest margin (NIM), credit growth (CR) and non-performing loans (NPLs). The impact of capital adequacy regulations was assessed by retrieving data from financial statements analysis (FSA), Bank Financial statements and the World Bank website. Panel regression models including ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed and random effects under robust title were applied in this study. Results revealed that the implementation of stringent CAR plays the role of panacea and increases interest margin & credit growth and a reduction of NPL in Pakistani commercial banks. The study provides practical results for regulators to customize regulations on credit growth to reduce non-performing loans and maintain healthy growth of loans by not compromising on interest margins as well as maintenance of minimum capital adequacy ratios. With the high significance of stringent minimum capital adequacy for banks, the findings of the study are valuable for regulators, banks, auditors and investors, as capital adequacy ratio commonly plays the role of Panacea in terms of efficiency, credit growth and reduction in non-performing loans. Keywords: capital adequacy ratio, efficiency, credit growth, non-performing loans

scholarly journals PENGARUH NILAI KECUKUPAN MODAL DAN BATAS MAKSIMUM PEMBERIAN KREDIT TERHADAP TINGKAT LIKUIDITAS BANK PADA BANK JABAR BANTEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53
Author(s):  
M. Taufik Aziz ◽  
Fitri Rayanti
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Structure Variable ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio

Bank Indonesianing to constitute central bank that give minimum capital rule that shall be of service on bank. Measure that utilized by Indonesia Bank in determine minimum capital is capital sufficiency ratio or Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR).  Impact of regulation hits CAR that is limitation who shall be noticed by bank in order to do its effort development. If limitation CAR is not is shown, jeopardy who may happen is decreased level CAR bank that on eventually will get implication to healths level decrease bank. By use of data of Jabar Banten's bank year 2011 2015, this research intent to see CAR'S influence (X1) and Application Maximum Bounds Credit (BMPK) as X2 to increase bank liquidity (Loan to is Ratio's Deposit  or LDR) as Y. CAR Jabar Banten's Bank, since March 2011 until with March period 2015 continually experiences decrease. Presentase averagely supreme BMPK happening on year 2011, which is as big as 0.20%, meanwhile presentase is happening lowest on year 2012. CAR'S affecting relationship and BMPK to LDR on Jabar Banten's Bank points out that affecting subjective happening signifikan's one. It because of have probability point as big as 0.041> 0. 05. Therefore, assess determinant coefficient just as big as 0.24 or 24% its means represented capital structure variable by CAR (X1) and BMPK (X2) having influence to LDR firm as big as 24% and its rest as big as 76% regarded by other factors. Key Words : Capital Adequacy Ratio, Application Maximum Bounds Credit and Liquidity.

scholarly journals The role of corporate governance in reducing the global financial crisis implications in light of the Central Bank of Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Fouzan AL Qaisi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The study aims to test the role of the measures implemented by the Central Bank of Jordan to reduce the effect of financial crisis on the Jordanian banks, using two independent variables (loans and advances rate, overnight deposit window), which are the actions of the Central Bank of Jordan, and four dependent variables (liquidity ratio, ROA ratio, capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loans ratio), which are financial stability indicators for the banks for six years (2005–2011). To get the study results, these data are measured and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). It was found that the actions of the Central Bank of Jordan (loans and advances rate, overnight deposit window rate): have a statistically significant impact on the non-performing loans ratio (2005–2011); do not have a statistically significant impact on the capital adequacy ratio (2005–2011); have a statistically significant impact on ROA ratio (2005–2011); do not have a statistically significant impact on the liquidity ratio (2005–2011).

Basel Capital Adequacy Ratio Standard in The Light of Islamic Law Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 308-317
Author(s):  
Adi Rahmanur Ibnu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crises ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Banking Development

Bank is one of the most important pillars of economy activities. However, banking sector has a real potential crisis threat. Alongside with the steady current global banking development, financial crises that have happened clearly affected global economy. Based on that situation, BIS (Bank for International Settlement) – an international financial standard setting organization, realizes the urgency to establishan international financial standard and supervision to anticipate future potential financial crises. This research aims to identify how Capital Adequacy Ratio Standard in Basel Capital Accord (II) based on Islamic law perspective. The research is conducted by analyzing Basel Capital Accord published by BIS. The research uses library research method to find out the aimed result. The focus is on the 1st pillar of Basel II publication that is Minimum Capital Requirements (CAR) policy. CAR, as an Islamic economics policy, will be analyzed using falāḥ approach. Falāḥ is an Islamic economics objective that consists of happiness, success, accomplishment or good luck concept. The earthly dimension of falāḥ has some parameters that can be used to analyze Islamic economics policy. Additionally, the Islamic fiqh maxim takes part in analyzing the policy. The maṣlaḥat concept in fiqh maxim approach shares aim with falāḥ concept in the sense that all of sharia law aims for success, happiness, eternal survival etc. The maṣlaḥat can be accomplished by extinguishing mafsadat or seizing maṣlaḥat. The maṣlaḥat aspect is essential to determine the compatibility Basel Capital Accord with jurisprudential maxim i.e harm must be dispelled (al-dharāru yuzāl). The conclusion results are, 1) Basel Capital Accord focuses on macro-prudential aspect in order to anticipate potential financial crises, 2) beneficial/interest (maṣlaḥat) aspects of the hereafter, cooperation principle, justice, fairness and the prohibition of exploitation are not the core value of Basel Capital Accord frame work, thus 3) the achievement of maslahat as intended by sharia i.e. jurisprudential maxim are not convincing. Therefore, 4) Basel Capital Accord as a regulation basis is not in line with jurisprudential maxim i.e harm must be dispelled (al-dharāru yuzāl).

Islamic Banking Regulations in Light of Basel II

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Mannan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Basel Ii ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Regulatory Standards

This paper seeks to determine whether the existing regulatory standards and supervisory framework are adequate to ensure the viability, strength, and continued expansion of Islamic financial institutions. The reemergence of Islamic banking and the attention given to it by regulators around the globe as to the implications of a recently issued Basel II banking regulation makes this article timely. The Basel II framework, which is based on minimum capital requirements, a supervisory review process, and the effective use of market discipline, aligns capital adequacy with banking risks and provides an incentive for financial institutions to enhance risk management and their system of internal controls. Like conventional banks, Islamic banks operate under different regulatory regimes. The still diverse views held by the regulatory agencies of different countries on Islamic banking and finance operations make it harder to assess the overall performance of international Islamic banks. In light of the increased financial innovation and diversity of instruments offered in Islamic finance, the need to improve the transparency of bank operations is particularly relevant for Islamic banks. While product diversity is important in maintaining their competitiveness, it also requires increased transparency and disclosure to improve the understanding of markets and regulatory agencies. The governance of Islamic banks is made even more complex by the need for these banks to meet a set of ethical and financial standards defined by the Shari`ah and the nature of the financial contracts banks use to mobilize deposits. Effective transparency in this area will greatly enhance their credibility and reinforce their depositors and investors’ level of confidence.

Islamic Banking Regulations in Light of Basel II

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-101
Author(s):  
M. Kabir Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Mannan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Basel Ii ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Regulatory Standards

This paper seeks to determine whether the existing regulatory standards and supervisory framework are adequate to ensure the viability, strength, and continued expansion of Islamic financial institutions. The reemergence of Islamic banking and the attention given to it by regulators around the globe as to the implications of a recently issued Basel II banking regulation makes this article timely. The Basel II framework, which is based on minimum capital requirements, a supervisory review process, and the effective use of market discipline, aligns capital adequacy with banking risks and provides an incentive for financial institutions to enhance risk management and their system of internal controls. Like conventional banks, Islamic banks operate under different regulatory regimes. The still diverse views held by the regulatory agencies of different countries on Islamic banking and finance operations make it harder to assess the overall performance of international Islamic banks. In light of the increased financial innovation and diversity of instruments offered in Islamic finance, the need to improve the transparency of bank operations is particularly relevant for Islamic banks. While product diversity is important in maintaining their competitiveness, it also requires increased transparency and disclosure to improve the understanding of markets and regulatory agencies. The governance of Islamic banks is made even more complex by the need for these banks to meet a set of ethical and financial standards defined by the Shari`ah and the nature of the financial contracts banks use to mobilize deposits. Effective transparency in this area will greatly enhance their credibility and reinforce their depositors and investors’ level of confidence.

scholarly journals Peranan Intellectual Capital Pada Intermediary Function Terhadap Return On Equity Perusahaan Perbankan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Anita Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio

This study aims to examine the role of Intellectual Capital in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research data used are secondary data in the form of financial data and financial ratios of banks listed on the  Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2016 using the purposive sampling method. Based on sampling criteria, 23 banks were selected and divided into two categories: banks with low Intellectual Capital and banks with high Intellectual Capital. The results showed that there were three findings, namely the first test results on banks with low Intellectual Capital and high Intellectual Capital showed that Non Performing Loans (NPL), Operational Costs Per Operating Income (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) does not affect Return on Equity (ROE). Second, the results of testing on banks with low Intellectual Capital and high Intellectual Capital indicate that Non Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) have no effect on Return on Equity (ROE). Third, the results of testing on banks with high Intellectual Capital indicate that Operational Cost Per Operational Income (BOPO) has an effect on Return on Equity (ROE).

U. S. Investment Banks in the Context of the Post-Crisis International Banking Regulation Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Eduard Dzhagityan ◽  
Anastasiya Podrugina ◽  
Sofya Streltsova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Regulation ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
International Banking ◽  
Minimum Capital ◽  
Negative Effect

The article looks into the reasons underlying the outspread of the full-scale mechanism of banking regulation over U. S. investment banks. We analyze the effect of the Basel III standards on stress-resilience of investment banks and examine the role of U. S. investment banks in ensuring financial stability. Based on regression analysis we found that minimum capital adequacy standards of Basel III do not have negative effect on ROE of the U. S. investment banks that are G-SIB category-designate; however, additional capital requirements (Higher Loss Absorbency (HLA) surcharge) that depend on G-SIB’s systemic significance according to their bucket as per Financial Stability Board classification do have significant and negative effect on ROE in the post crisis period. Besides, leverage requirements that also depend on G-SIB’s systemic significance have a statistically significant effect on ROE.

scholarly journals Capital Adequacy and its Impact on Banking Liquidity Risk Applied Study in the Bank of the Islamic National and Commercial Iraqi for the Period (2012-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Qassem Ali Omran
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Important Means

The aim of this paper is to highlight one of the risks facing the banking system in general and the Iraqi in particular, both Islamic and commercial, resulting from the low liquidity of banks from their safe levels, which expose the bank to a number of effects, especially when exposed to sudden withdrawals through measuring and analyzing the banking liquidity risk of banking and the statement The most important means used to processing  these risks, including the adequacy of capital according to the Basel II Accord. Two banks, the National Islamic Bank and the Commercial Bank of Iraq, were selected and the indicators of liquidity risk were used. Statement of the Effect of the Capital Adequacy Tool as a Tool that Contributes to the Absorption of Banking Risks and their Effects in Mitigating Liquidity Risk The indicators were analyzed and tested by testing F, P-value and impact statement through the R2 parameter using the ANOVA analysis. There is a significant effect of the capital adequacy ratio on the liquidity risk of banks and both banks to varying degrees on the basis of which the alternative hypothesis was accepted. The paper also reached the recommendations of the most important of which is the need to achieve a balance between the size of the balances utilized in the various banking fields and what is maintained, Exceed the capital adequacy ratios for the specified rates by the Central Bank of Iraq.  

scholarly journals Are Capital Ratios Procyclical? Evidence from Turkish Banking Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
Turguttopbas Neslihan Topbaş
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Basel Ii ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Capital Ratios ◽  
Gdp Gap

Abstract This paper contributes to the literature by providing recent empirical evidence about the positioning of the capital adequacy ratios (Basel II capital adequacy ratio and leverage ratio as proposed by Basel III) of Turkish banks and the business cycle. As in many emerging countries, the Turkish real sector is highly dependent on the banking loans for financing, and consequently, the macroeconomic system is vulnerable to the supply of bank loans. The results reveal that the Basel II capital adequacy ratio of Turkish banks is procyclical at a statistical significance in normal and crisis times. The results of cyclicality tests of the leverage ratio are mixed: if nominal GDP growth is taken as a business cycle indicator, it is procyclical; however, the credit-to-GDP gap signals countercyclical leverage ratios in normal times. In crisis times, the leverage ratio of the Turkish banking system is determined to be countercyclical.

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