scholarly journals Parallels between Two Identity Searching Nations in the 20th Century through the Museum and Exhibition Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Zeynep Gür
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Architectural Production ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function

During the 19th and 20th centuries, museums and exhibition buildings have been immensely important in the nation-building of newly born countries all over the world. By means of art and architectural representation, it was possible to bring people together in the pursuit of enduring their nationhood, to make them proud of their identity and to create a new concept of the country with a powerful historical background. Within this context, Hungary from the Compromise with Austria in 1867 up to the second decade of 20th century, and Turkey starting from the Second Constitution in 1908 until the mid-century possess proper examples of architectural production firmly connected to the identity search of both countries. This study aims to investigate the manifestations of this approach through case studies mainly from two capitals, Budapest and Ankara. While comparatively examining the chosen buildings regarding their structural features, spatial organisations, contents and function, the general architectural environment and leading actors of the era are aimed to be revealed. Additionally, the quality of the buildings themselves as display objects will be investigated.

EAST INDIAN AND OTHER DOCKS IN LONDON: IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE, COLONIAL TRADE AND POSTCOLONIAL MEMORY

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
S. E. Sidorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Postcolonial History ◽  
The City

The article concentrates on the colonial and postcolonial history, architecture and topography of the southeastern areas of London, where on both banks of the River Thames in the 18th–20th centuries there were located the docks, which became an architectural and engineering response to the rapidly developing trade of England with territories in the Western and Eastern hemispheres of the world. Constructions for various purposes — pools for loading, unloading and repairing ships, piers, shipyards, office and warehouse premises, sites equipped with forges, carpenter’s workshops, shops, canteens, hotels — have radically changed the bank line of the Thames and appearance of the British capital, which has acquired the status of the center of a huge empire. Docks, which by the beginning of the 20th century, occupied an area of 21 hectares, were the seamy side of an imperial-colonial enterprise, a space of hard and routine work that had a specific architectural representation. It was a necessary part of the city intended for the exchange of goods, where the usual ideas about the beauty gave way to considerations of safety, functionality and economy. Not distinguished by architectural grace, chaotically built up, dirty, smoky and fetid, the area was one of the most significant symbols of England during the industrial revolution and colonial rule. The visual image of this greatness was strikingly different from the architectural samples of previous eras, forcing contemporaries to get used to the new industrial aesthetics. Having disappeared in the second half of the 20th century from the city map, they continue to retain a special place in the mental landscape of the city and the historical memory of the townspeople, which is reflected in the chain of museums located in this area that tell the history of English navigation, England’s participation in geographical discoveries, the stages of conquering the world, creating an empire and ways to acquire the wealth of the nation.

Czech Bluegrass

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Bidgood
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Market ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Learning Barriers ◽  
The World ◽  
Bluegrass Music ◽  
Work Abroad

Bluegrass music has taken root all over the world but thrives in unique ways in the Czech Republic. Ethnomusicologist and bluegrass musician Lee Bidgood writes about what it is like to live and work playing bluegrass in the heart of Europe. The chapters trace Bidgood's engagement with Czech bluegrassers, their processes of learning, barriers to understanding, and the joys and successes that they find in making bluegrass their own. After providing a general cultural and historical background, a set of case studies convey ethnographic detail from Bidgood's participatory observational research: with a Czech band as they work abroad in Europe; with banjo makers seeking an international market; with fiddlers wrestling with technical, social, and aesthetic hurdles; with a non-Christian seeking to truthfully sing gospel songs. Bidgood's analysis of songs, sounds, places, and speech provide insights into how Czech bluegrassers negotiate the Americanness and Czechness of their musical projects. This study poses bluegrass not as a restrictive set of repertoire or techniques, but as a form of sociality, a discourse with local and global resonances—and in its Czech form it is clearly a practice of in-betweenness that defies categorization, challenging narratives that limit music to a certain time, place, or people. Includes orientation notes on language, and a glossary of Czech terms.

scholarly journals Blue-Green Smart Mobility Technologies as Readiness for Facing Tomorrow’s Urban Shock toward the World as a Better Place for Living (Case Studies: Songdo and Copenhagen)

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Hamid Doost Mohammadian ◽  
Fatemeh Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
Environment Sustainability

Nowadays, we are on the cusp of a future that will face many global challenges and crises, as well as unforeseeable shocks of tomorrow. The rapid growth and development of technology will bring forth exponential change that may challenge and threaten our human psychology. Solutions and policies are needed to deal with today’s challenges, tomorrow’s shocks, and global crises to preserve the world and mankind for the future. In this research, Blue-Green sustainable mobility technologies are introduced as a pathway to create modern sustainable and livable urban areas to tackle these challenges. Clean and inclusive mobility, based on Blue-Green and sustainable infrastructure, low emission greenhouse gases, ubiquitous computing, smartness and digitalization is realized as one of the keys that could make the world a better place for living. This research examines inclusive transportation technology, its indicators and its impacts on creating modern livable urban areas with high a quality of life as a pathway to navigate the cusp of tomorrow. Furthermore, the roles of technology such as Information Technology, Internet of Things, Internet of Business, Internet of Manufacturing, and Internet of Energy as technology tools to develop such mobility is investigated. Literature reviews, surveys, case studies—including Songdo as a ubiquitous city and Copenhagen as a digital and clean city—and revised versions of Kiwi and Kampenhood and BESQoL (built environment sustainability and quality of life) methodologies are the main methods in this study. New concepts of mobility technology and eventuating cultural synergies, as a readiness for facing tomorrow’s world crises with a higher quality of life and well-being by using the 5th wave theory, are discussed.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF REPRESENTATION OF POEMS BY A. LUZHIKOV IN RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-292
Author(s):  
Elena Vasilievna Ostapova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
The World ◽  
Mental Trauma ◽  
Change Of Life ◽  
Open Expression

The article first reviews the quality of translations of the poems of the Komi poet A. Luzhikov into Russian. At the time of the harsh change of life paradigms, at the end of the 20th century, due to acute mental trauma, a motive for dividing the world appears in his poetry. Many poems by A. Luzhikov speak of the death of the Komi life equal to the death of the world. His lyrical hero is out of society. Translators strove to convey the dramatic and tragic emotional tone of his poems, the aesthetics of the poetic loneliness of the lyrical hero, reflecting a person's worldview in the era of the global crisis. In the collection of poems we can count about 20 very successful translations in which the metro-rhythmic pattern, the figurative-lexical system of works, and the tension of the feelings of the lyrical hero are adequately recreated. In general, the translations maintain an open expression, conveyed by rhetorical figures; there are artistically accurate and faithfully conveyed images, the poetical and philosophical terminology is saved. At the same time, many translations used some template expressions and ready-made clichés and added stylistic “decorations” alien to poetry by A. Luzhikov (and generally to the Komi poetry). Moreover, in Russion versions, exclamatory and interrogative syntactic constructions were replaced by narrative ones. Such translation transformations led to a decrease in the emotional intensity of texts, and in general, to a distortion of the ethnocultural image of the the Komi poet’s world.

scholarly journals ARBITRATION (TAHKIM) AND RECONCILIATION (SULH) IN ISLAM AS ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Saidilyos Kh
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Flexible Integration ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Wide Usage

The main reason behind this work is to illustrate the current need for Islamic alternative dispute resolution methods and offer analysis to show the benefts of their applications. There has been a vivid rise in ADRs’ recognition globally as a substitute for litigation and related issues that would be better if addressed with an Islamic perspective. The wide usage of the term has been intensifed uninterruptedly after the second half of the 20th century. This paper intends to introduce a 1,5-centuryyear-old background of legally institutionalized arbitration (Tahkim) and reconciliation (Sulh), Islamic means or ways of alternative dispute resolution. I will show it by presenting and analyzing some reliable historical and current shreds of evidence. A few Quranic ayas and prophetic hadiths will prove the Islamic nature and foundation of ADRs. The paper contains some discussions of meanings and applications of terms and differences of the contemporary. There is a part that defnes classical terms and matches them with their current standings to prove the success in flexible integration and adaptation of the mechanisms as an assistant, or in some cases, more favorable choice to adjudication. It tries to offer the rich experience of Islamic legal laws, doctrines, and several case studies of local and international nature that can easily be accessed. Besides, some indications of current applications of ADR, especially Islamic ones, will be discussed to show the way of solving conflicts outside the courtrooms without leaving today’s legal frameworks. Rich, vast, and mature Islamic legal experience will be a vital guideline in the world of conflict resolution.

scholarly journals The Distance We've Come

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (01) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Henry Petroski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
The World

This article discusses contribution of engineering technologies through years. It is achievements and advances in engineering that changed all. The development of safe drinking water supplies, sanitary sewer systems, and wastewater treatment schemes drastically reduced diseases that were rampant a hundred years ago, and so reduced infant mortality. Mechanical engineering has changed the quality of life significantly from that of a century ago. Air conditioning, which was developed early in the 20th century to control humidity in plants, factories, and mills where manufacturing processes were affected by too damp a sheet of paper or too dry a spool of thread, was widely domesticated in the second half of the century. Air travel is similarly comfortable and even safer, and few of my generation grow anxious even when flying across the country or around the world. The level of engineering accomplishment and dependability embodied in our terrestrial travel seems to be rivalled only by that achieved in space travel, a distinctly 20th-century engineering achievement.

The fall of demonstrative them

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Hazen ◽  
Sarah Hamilton ◽  
Sarah Vacovsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Appalachian Region ◽  
The World

The varieties of English in the United States’ Appalachian region have undergone changes throughout the 20th century. This paper examines a change to one of the more stereotyped of vernacular dialect features, the use of them in a demonstrative determiner construction: them apples are the best. Although this dialect feature is found in English varieties around the world, this study is the first to take up a quantitative assessment of it as a sociolinguistic variable. In this paper, we discuss the historical background for demonstrative them, its current distribution in a corpus of modern Appalachian speech, and its relations to the other modern plural demonstratives, these and those. The data reveal that them functions primarily as an alternate to those, but the use of demonstrative them is sharply in decline across apparent time. As a stereotype of Appalachian speech, demonstrative them still remains, but younger Appalachian speakers have largely abandoned this stigmatized form.

scholarly journals Saints’ Heritage and the Egyptian Urban Forms Through History

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Yassmein Hamdy Mohamed Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
And Function ◽  
Collective Belief ◽  
Egyptian Architecture

When examining the traditional Egyptian community since the beginning of time, it would be found that the Egyptian individual is no different from any other traditional one. His life images and perceptions have some strong collective roots, they interweave strongly with the religion. He uses religious references to formulate images and manifestations to create a sacred universe where he can inhabit and function. The aim of this paper is to analyze vernacular/ traditional Egyptian architecture and its religious/cultural manifestations through the Egyptian heritage. It will focus on the cultural heritage of “Saints” and how they affected both traditional architecture and urban through time. This paper will cover the following: Presenting several psychological concepts in relation to the Egyptian vernacular urban forms. It will focus on the psychological Jungian concepts of “center of the world, Axis Mundi and sacred orientations”. It will also investigate their corresponding anthropological concept of the “sacred hero” which has its manifestations in the innumerous number of the Egyptian saints / “Awliaa” through history. Transcending the limitations of perspective by analyzing the urban product of a number of Egyptian case studies in the light of psychological and anthropological concepts to lay out certain popular principles and constraints that control their urban manifestation. Exploring The huge legacy of Saints/ Awliaa with all their related festive ceremonies as this collective belief of saints leads to an important socio-cultural event that is held in most of Egyptian urban settlements. It is “Al-Moulid”, a religious ceremonial festival that is held to celebrate the birth of the saints. These religious ceremonies have a strong role in formulating the Egyptian cultural and religious identities. Finally, presenting a classification for the Egyptian villages and cities on corresponding to this cultural / religious heritage and their manifestations on the Egyptian urban forms.

scholarly journals Komparácia Slovenska a Estónska vo fungovaní fenoménu 21.storočia e-governmentu

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Martina Chrenová
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
The World

The term e-Government is from the English term electronic government, which means electronic government. The aim of introducing e-Government is to provide more efficiently, reliably, faster and cheaper public administration services to citizens. At the end of the last century, specifically in 1998, e-Government began to address some European countries, including Estonia and Slovakia. However, Estonia has become a leader in e-Govenment not only in Europe but also in the world. We decided in this paper to compare the functioning of e-Government of Slovakia and Estonia and to point out the differences that reduce the quality of providing electronic services for citizens in Slovakia. In this paper, the method used will be to compare two case studies, using contextual contexts to highlight the specificities of each case. The content of the case studies is the implementation processes and tools used in the implementation of e-Government elements. The aim of the paper is to find shortcomings in the system of functioning of e-Government by comparing two case studies and to propose solutions based on the system that effectively exists in Estonia.

Achieving successful implementation of value-based property tax reforms in emerging European economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Grover ◽  
Mika-Petteri Törhönen ◽  
Paul Munro-Faure ◽  
Aanchal Anand
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Property Taxation ◽  
The World

Purpose This paper aims to report the findings of a study of nine countries in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) that have either recently introduced or are working towards the introduction of value-based recurrent property taxes. Although many countries have recurrent property taxes, often, they are not value-based and raise relatively little revenue. This paper examines the barriers to the introduction of value-based property taxes and discusses how they can be overcome. Design/methodology/approach Case studies of recurrent property taxation were undertaken for eight countries from the World Bank’s ECA region. The sample included countries at different stages in the development of value-based property tax systems. A ninth country, The Netherlands, which has a well-developed mass valuation system, was included for comparison. Findings Barriers to the introduction of value-based recurrent property taxes are technical and political or governance ones. The technical barriers include the comprehensiveness of property registration, the quality of transaction price data, the extent to which the valuation infrastructure meets internationally recognised standards and the quality of tax collection systems. The principal political and governance problems are the unpopularity of property taxes, the need to convince the public that they are fair and the lack of champions of property taxation in government. Research limitations/implications The case studies are drawn from the ECA region, but the issues raised apply in many other parts of the world. A case study approach produces rich data for each example that enables key issues to be explored in depth. Practical implications The study has identified issues and ways of approaching them that are relevant to countries seeking to introduce value-based recurrent property taxes so that they can learn from the experience of others. Originality/value The approach has enabled a systematic comparison between countries so that common experiences and issues are identified.

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