scholarly journals The prospects of development of the citrus production in the Neretva valley in the context of contemporary tendencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Ivana Paladin Soče ◽  
Dario Ivić ◽  
Mara Marić
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Tristeza Virus

In most countries of the world where citrus fruits are grown, including Croatia, several viruses and virus-like agents exist limiting the production and sale of citrus fruits. The most common among them is Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) which causes a decrease in tree fertility and lushness. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the large scale of consequences caused by the CTV in Spain during the 20th century. More than 44 million citrus trees grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantim L) rootstock sourhad decayed over a period of 10 years due to the intensing spread of CTV. The approaches that addressed the problem of infection of large citrus growing areas in Spain will be presented. Based on the experience in Spain, this paper will show the possibilities of implementing systematic expert measures which would eradicate or minimize the presence of CTV in the area of the Neretva valley, the most important citrus growing area in Croatia. A large number of researches have been carried out on the presence and the outspread of CTV in the Neretva Valley from 2005 to 2019. During this period, the highest percentage of virus outspread was observed in 2006, when CTV was detected in 80% of the collected samples. The virus was regularly detected in the Neretva valley in all the years the research was conducted. The problem of CTV has been present for many years and the pathogen is still spreading, which indicates the need to take some measures to prevent this continuous spreading. Among the most important and effective measures is the control of viral diseases in the propagation materials and the mother blocks and planting virus-free plants in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance on placing reproductive planting material and seedlings intended for fruit production on the market (OG 9/17, 39/20), which contain European Union Directives 2008/90 / EC, 2014/96 / EU, and 2014/98 / EU

scholarly journals Cross-Protection of Grapefruit from Decline-Inducing Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 989-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Powell ◽  
R. R. Pelosi ◽  
P. A. Rundell ◽  
E. Stover ◽  
M. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
River Region ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

The ability of three mild isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) to prevent natural infection of 84 Ruby Red grapefruit on sour orange rootstock by aphid-transmitted, decline-inducing isolates of CTV was assessed by symptoms and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 16 years. Of 21 trees in each of four treatments protected by the DD 102 bb, Guettler HS, and DPI 1-12-5-X-E mild CTV isolates, 14, 10, and 14% were infected by severe isolates (MCA13 monoclonal antibody reactive) compared with 67% for unprotected control trees. The health of trees protected by the DD 102 bb CTV isolate was significantly better than that of unprotected control trees as measured by decline, tree ratings, and tree height. These data suggest that infection by certain mild isolates of CTV can cross-protect grapefruit trees on sour orange rootstock from decline-inducing isolates of CTV that are prevalent in the Indian River region of Florida.

scholarly journals Field Diagnosis of Citrus Tristeza Virus

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Futch ◽  
Ronald H. Brlansky
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Tree Decline ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
Citrus Macrophylla ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most important pathogens affecting citrus worldwide. Tristeza was first reported in Florida in the 1950s. By the 1980s, it produced serious losses due to tree decline and death on sour orange and Citrus macrophylla rootstocks. Tree decline continues to be a problem today in groves that still have sour orange rootstock trees remaining. Due to CTV, few if any nursery trees are being propagated in Florida on sour orange, bittersweet or Citrus macrophylla rootstock. This document is HS996, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published February 2005. HS996/HS242: Field Diagnosis of Citrus Tristeza Virus (ufl.edu)

LARGE SCALE SURVEY OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS (CTV) AND ITS APHID VECTORS IN MOROCCO

2015 ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Mohamed Afechtal ◽  
Khaled Djelouah ◽  
Giuseppe Cocuzza ◽  
Anna M. D'Onghia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

scholarly journals Severity of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates from Texas

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Herron ◽  
T.E. Mirkov ◽  
N. N. Solís-Gracia ◽  
C.J. Kahlke ◽  
M. Skaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Mexican Lime ◽  
Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates collected from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in south Texas and east Texas were characterized using citrus indicators and molecular methods. The citrus indicators were Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia), sour orange (C. aurantium), sweet orange (C. sinensis) grafted to sour orange, Duncan grapefruit (C. × paradisi), and Madam Vinous sweet orange, with some CTV isolates additionally indexed using the Texas commercial grapefruit cvs. Rio Red and Star Ruby, and Marrs and N-33 sweet orange. Severity ratings used 11 biotype groups or cumulative mean relative indices. Molecular characterization was carried out using poly- and monoclonal antibodies, seven strain-specific probes and single-stranded conformational polymorphism, and all were based on the CTV major coat protein or gene. All Texas CTV isolates produced vein clearing symptoms on inoculated Mexican lime plants. Over half of the CTV isolates tested were placed in biotype groups IX and X (causing decline of sweet orange on sour orange, seedling yellows on sour orange and grapefruit seedlings, and stem pitting of grapefruit or sweet orange), and one isolate was in biotype I (mild).

scholarly journals Serological Detection of Citrus tristeza virus with Antibodies Developed to the Recombinant Coat Protein

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Iracheta-Cárdenas ◽  
P. Metheney ◽  
M. L. Polek ◽  
K. L. Manjunath ◽  
R. F. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Central California ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Recombinant Coat Protein ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Antibodies specific for the recombinant coat protein (rCP) of the p25 gene of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were developed in goats and rabbits and further evaluated as a complete kit for the detection of the virus using healthy and CTV-infected tissue. The combination of goat T1 used as primary (coating) and rabbit C3 as intermediate (detecting) rCP antibodies reacted efficiently, with optical density at 405 nm (OD405) values between 0.250 and 2.000 with samples from an international collection of diverse CTV isolates. The CTV isolates tested cause a broad spectrum of disease syndromes in different citrus hosts. The OD405 values for healthy tissue were less than 0.100. Likewise, the combination of goat T1 and rabbit C3 rCP antibodies gave consistent results for CTV-positive and -negative sample discrimination when directly compared with the Central California Tristeza Eradication Agency (CCTEA) antibodies used for large-scale CTV detection and a commercially available CTV serological detection kit. The combination of goat T1 and rabbit C3 rCP antibodies showed its suitability for large-scale indexing with samples collected in commercial groves as part of the CCTEA's regular monitoring program. The evaluation included 41,195 samples from 301 commercial groves from districts 1, 2, and 3. In total, 26 trees (0.063%) were found to be CTV positive using the T1/C3 rCP antibody combination. Results of this research provide evidence that rCP antibodies can be efficiently used for both capturing and detecting CTV antigens in double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

scholarly journals CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Sagheer Atta ◽  
Maroof Siddiq ◽  
Sidra Ashiq ◽  
Abdul Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
The World ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Citrus is one of the most widely grown fruit crop in the world. Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the most economically important viral pathogen of citrus and causes different disease syndromes. The use of infected bud wood and aphids are the main cause of spread of CTV. The virus is genetically diverse and causes various symptoms like slow and quick decline, stunting, stem pitting, vein clearing and seedling yellows. Strategies have been developed to reduce the economic losses caused by CTV. Quarantine measures, bud wood certification, mild strain cross protection and eradication programs are some of the strategies that can prevent the spread of this disease. New approaches are provided by advancement in genetic engineering and molecular biology. Transgenic plants have been developed to provide resistance against the disease. 

Citrus tristeza virus (citrus tristeza).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Cambra
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

Abstract CTV is the most economically important virus pathogen of citrus worldwide. About 100 million citrus trees on sour orange have been killed by CTV decline epidemics in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Florida and California (USA), Israel, Spain, and other locations. With current estimates of approximately 45 million trees on sour orange killed by CTV in Spain (Cambra et al., 2000a; Vidal et al., 2012) from 1935 to date without T. citricida implication. It is estimated that worldwide, mainly in the Mediterranean basin citrus industries, there are over 200 million trees on sour orange rootstock which are at risk to this disease. Sour orange is popular because it produces a vigorous tree with high quality fruit, is adaptable to many soil conditions including high lime and salt content, and has tolerance to many other viruses, viroids and virus-like pathogens, and to Phytophthora. The use of tristeza-tolerant rootstocks often risks losses from other factors. In addition to decline, many severe CTV isolates cause stem pitting diseases of susceptible scion cultivars and these occur even when tolerant rootstocks are used. Stem pitting weakens trees and eventually reduces fruit size, quality and quantity (Marais et al., 1996). Grapefruit and lime are very sensitive to stem pitting. Sweet orange is more tolerant but can be severely affected by some isolates. Mandarin is the most tolerant among the main citrus cultivars against SP isolates.

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