scholarly journals Cognitive Impairments in Young Men Suffering from Epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Central System ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the central system with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Cognitive disorders are quite common with this disease and significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and their families. In approximately 35% of patients, despite treatment, various impairments of memory, attention and bradyphrenia persist in the interictal period. Causes of cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy can be directly the underlying factor of epilepsy (genetic disease, structural brain defect, etc.), epileptic seizures, interictal epileptiform activity, side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Modern neurophysiological and neuroimaging diagnostic methods allow us to identify new features of the course and progression of dysfunctions of higher nervous activity in epilepsy

scholarly journals Use of cannabidiol as a therapeutic method in epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Soares ◽  
Ana Clara Mota Gonçalo ◽  
Kaline dos Santos Kishishita Castro ◽  
Victoria de Menezes Sá Lazera
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Cb1 Receptors ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
System Objective

Introduction: Cannabis sativa has several therapeutic properties and has been used for millennials for healing purposes. Among its benefits are analgesic, antiemetic and tranquilizing effects, acting strongly on the nervous system. Objective: This study aims to emphasize the importance of Cannabidiol as a therapeutic purpose for epilepsy, especially in Brazil, where its use is still controlled. Method: A systematic literature review, using bibliographic searches carried out in the electronic databases LILACS, PubMed and SciELO with the descriptors “cannabidiol” and “epilepsy”. Of 1645 searches found, 06 were used in the study. Results: Epileptic seizures can be generalized or partial and are determined by the affected area. The treatment for epilepsy are drugs that decrease the arousal capacity of neural tissue and a significant percentage of individuals cannot control them with traditional drugs alone. Endocannabinoids work in response to epileptiform activity, to activate CB1 receptors for excitatory neurons, to contain excess neuronal activity, which occurs during seizures. It is proven that patients who use it do not have toxic adverse effects. Conclusions: In Brazil, Cannabis is a controlled drug and the fact that it is imported, interfere in the treatment, who is interrupted while patient waits the new dosage. The importance of cannabidiol as a target for research and studies is verified, as it has ample potential in the treatment of epilepsy and reduces brain damage caused by it. In order that patients with epilepsy, have improvements in their quality of life.

scholarly journals The effects of epileptic seizures upon quality of life

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Camile Barioni Salgado ◽  
Fernando Cendes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVE: understand the psychological considerations of the relationship between the effect of seizures upon the patients' perception of seizure control, depression, anxiety and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: 151 adult patients with epilepsy diagnosed for over two years were interviewed and responded the 31-Item Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-31), the Trait Form of the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI II) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: 45 patients were depressed (29.8%) and 29 (19.2%) had anxiety. Depression scores ranged from 0 to 49 (M=7.4; SD=8.9) and anxiety scores ranged from 19 to 69 (M=41.5, SD=11.9). Total QoL score was correlated to seizure control (p<0.001), perception of epilepsy control (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and depression (p=0.003). The perception of epilepsy control was correlated to seizure control (p<0.001), seizure frequency (p=0.001), anxiety (p<0.001) and depression (p<0.001). Seizure control was associated to anxiety (p=0.033) and depression (p<0.001). There was co-morbidity between anxiety and depression (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of the seizure frequency and control to the evaluation of perception of epilepsy control and shows that anxiety and depression in epilepsy are predicted by seizure-related (seizure frequency and control) and psychosocial aspects (perception of control and QoL) together.

Cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy and effectiveness of overcoming stress behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S369-S369
Author(s):  
V. Korostiy ◽  
B. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

IntroductionToday cognitive impairment study epilepsy in children and in people taking anticonvulsants. Unfortunately, we do not know enough about neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment in epilepsy, clinical and pathogenetic patterns of their development, role in the development of social exclusion.AimTo study the mild cognitive impairment and their relationship with clinical features of epileptic disease forms, socio-psychological characteristics of patients.MethodsClinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostic.ResultsWe first used Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-R) in patients with epilepsy to quantify cognitive disorders in this group. The specified scale detects violations of cognitive function to mild dementia and allows us to differentiate the prevalence of certain disorders of mental processes. We revealed that the reducing the effectiveness of stress overcoming behavior through cognitive disorders in thinking and attention are one of the pathognomonic psychogenic mechanisms of affective disorders in patients with epilepsy. The complex of individual therapeutic measures for patients with epilepsy and MCI is based on the study features of cognitive disorders results. Psychotherapy and psychological correction measures for patients with epilepsy and MCI have to improve the social functioning and quality of life. We also created recommendations for the prevention of cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy.ConclusionsThe features of cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy, depending on the clinical form of epilepsy (symptomatic, idiopathic, cryptogenic). It should be used as additional differential diagnostic criteria forms of epilepsy (symptomatic, idiopathic, cryptogenic).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Certain risk factors for the development of cognitive impairment in persons with epilepsy and new therapeutic options

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
N. V. Pizova ◽  
A. V. Pizov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Epilepsy Therapy ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Structural Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease. The problems of people with epilepsy go well beyond epileptic seizures. Comorbidities in epilepsy are very common and often cause more problems to the patients than the seizures themselves. Although seizures are the most prominent clinical presentation of epilepsy, people with epilepsy are exposed to risk of not only seizures, but also of many health problems. Both children and adults with epilepsy often complain of memory impairment. It is commonly believed that cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy is multifactorial. The components that deteriorate cognitive functions include active seizures and especially generalized tonic-clonic seizures, traumatic brain injuries, structural epilepsy, and drug therapy. Cognitive dysfunction is very often present as far back as during the onset of epilepsy. The cognitive dysfunction detected in patients with epilepsy depend on the localization of the epileptic focus, the frequency and type of epileptic seizures, and changes in the interictal electroencephalogram. Seizures can be controlled with antiepileptic drugs in most patients with epilepsy. Therapy of cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy presents significant difficulties, as there is no evidence of the efficacy of various drugs in cognitive disorders. The article presents a new Russian antiepileptic drug based on phenosanic acid as part of combination therapy in patients with partial epileptic seizures with or without secondary generalization, which can improve cognitive functions in patients with epilepsy.

scholarly journals Cognitive Epileptiform Disintegration in Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gamirova ◽  
E Gorobets ◽  
V Marulina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Eeg Monitoring ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Video Eeg

Cognitive epileptiform disintegration is a specific disease associated with severe epileptiform activity on the EEG in the absence of epileptic seizures accompanied by different developmental cognitive disorders in children. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these developmental disorders have changed in the last10 years. The article presents the analysis of cognitive epileptiform disintegration specificity and the results of the survey that included 57 children aged 2–7 with developmental disorders caused by epileptiform activity that was revealed during video EEG monitoring with sleep deprivation. The children were assessed with19-channel EEG, synchronized with a video-monitoring system. Recording time was 1–2 hours. The psychometric methods used for the assessment of cognitive functions were three batteries of tests for children according to their age (2 years – MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories, 3–5 years – subtests created in Kazan’ Federal University, 6–7 years – T.V. Akhutina’s methods of neuropsychological diagnosis). The results of the research show that cognitive impairment in children with cognitive epileptiform disintegration aged 2–7 are complex, and predominantly they are the results of general developmental disorders associated with constant strong electrical impact on the functional blocks of the brain. Speech is most severely affected, both expressive and impressive, but speech disorders are always accompanied by the deficit of visual-spatial and kinesthetic analyzers, the deficit of the third functional block development and behavioral (predominantly autism-like) disorders. Keywords: cognitive epileptiform disintegration, developmental disorders, speech disorders, video EEG monitoring, higher cortical functions, assessment of speech, assessment of cognitive functions

scholarly journals Epilepsy combined with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: a literature review and description of clinical cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
M. B. Mironov ◽  
N. V. Chebanenko ◽  
S. O. Ayvazyan ◽  
S. A. Vladimirova ◽  
K. V. Osipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Epileptic Spasms ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

This article presents the anamnestic, clinical, electro-encephalographic and neuroimaging findings in 5 patients with epilepsy combined with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). According to our data and the results of others, this combination has its specific characteristics. These include: a high incidence of epilepsy in patients with WHS (50-100% of cases), an early debut of seizures (mainly in the first year of life), fever-provoked seizures, and a variety of seizure types – focal paroxysms, bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, atypical febrile seizures, atypical absences and epileptic spasms. In addition, there may be frequent epileptic seizures tending toward status epilepticus, a slowing of the major EEG activity, a local EEG slowing (mainly in the posterior and bi-frontal areas), and regional / multiregional epileptiform activity. In more than 50% of cases, the diffuse peakwave activity is observed; the broad spectrum anti-epileptic drugs are highly efficient in 80% of cases. Based on this study, we propose recommendations for the management of patients with epilepsy combined with WHS.

scholarly journals Treatment of epilepsy associated with primary and metastatic brain tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-304
Author(s):  
A V. Lebedeva ◽  
S. G. Burd ◽  
P. N. Vlasov ◽  
N. A. Ermolenko ◽  
I. A. Zhidkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
First Line ◽  
Hepatic Microsomal Enzyme ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Microsomal Enzyme Inducers ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

There is a number of unsolved issues in management of epilepsy associated with primary and metastatic brain tumors (BTs). In particular, no consensus approaches to treatment of patients with epilepsy associated with BTs have been proposed regarding use of current anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). The review presents the relevant data on epidemiology, features of clinically manifested epilepsy at varying stages of BTs, aspects of drug-drug interaction between AEDs and anti-tumor agents, AED-related effects on cognitive functions as well as quality of life in patients with epilepsy associated with BTs. Levetiracetam and valproic acid comprise the first-line drugs for treating seizures in patients with BTs. It is unreasonable to use AEDs acting as hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers for therapy of epileptic seizures in BTs, because it may decrease efficacy of chemotherapy agents and glucocorticoids along with elevated rate of side effects. Perampanel acting as a selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist, may be one of the drugs of choice for the adjunctive therapy of epileptic seizures associated with BTs.

Features of affective disorders correction in patients with epilepsy (therapy, rehabilitation, prevention)

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
H. Kozhyna ◽  
I. Strelnikova ◽  
M. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Keywords Epilepsy ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

For many decades, epilepsy has remained a serious medical and social problem that requires constant attention not only from neurologists, psychiatrists, but also from medical psychologists and social workers. The priority in the treatment of epilepsy is not only to prevent seizures, but also to help the patient maintain social functioning and restore quality of life. Achieving drug remission of epileptic seizures is only part of the management of the disease, it is necessary to help restore the patient's psychosocial adaptation and form a correct understanding of their disease and related limitations in daily functioning. A comprehensive examination which involved 65 patients with epilepsy of both sexes aged 18–40 years was conducted in compliance with the principles of bioethics and medical deontology. The mean age of the subjects ranged from (34.0±1.6) years, duration of the disease in patients did not exceed 10 years. All subjects had disorders of the emotional sphere of non-psychotic level, which were recorded in the interictal period of the disease. Selected comprehensive system of correction of affective disorders in patients with epilepsy helped to achieve following results, especially: reduction of anxiety and depressive disorders (73.5 %), reducing the level of motor and ideational inhibition (65.2 %), reducing the intensity and duration of depressive affect (72.5 %), restoration of interest in activities that previously interested patients (69.5 %), improvement of psychosocial adaptation (81.3 %), managed to achieve the transition of maladaptive types of attitudes to the disease to adaptive (66.5 %) and improve quality of life (83.2 %). A study of affective disorders in patients with epilepsy allowed us to make following conclusions: epilepsy is often combined with affective disorders. Depressive disorders are more common among all affective disorders. Epilepsy and affective disorders interact with each other and complicate clinical prognosis. Keywords: epilepsy, affective disorders, rehabilitation, psychoeducation.

Neurologist, 11 years’ experience, USA

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Markus Reuber ◽  
Gregg H. Rawlings ◽  
Steven C. Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Interictal Eeg ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Present Possibility ◽  
Epilepsy Monitoring

This chapter focuses on the clinical value of continued vigilance and neurologic follow-up after video-EEG (VEEG) confirmation of the diagnosis of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES), even when long-term EEG recordings over two separate admissions to an epilepsy monitoring unit have not captured any epileptiform activity. It has been shown that 19% of patients with epilepsy will not have interictal epileptiform abnormality during an admission for long-term VEEG monitoring. In particular, patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsies who have deep/mesial seizure foci and those with well-controlled epilepsies will be likely not to have epileptiform interictal EEG activity. In consideration of these observations, it has been advised that patients with PNES and non-epileptiform long-term EEG recordings should be followed by a neurologist for at least six months after discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AED). This consideration is due to the small but ever-present possibility of coexisting epilepsy as well as the observation that the risk of breakthrough epileptic seizures is highest during the initial six months after discontinuation of AEDs.

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