scholarly journals Certain risk factors for the development of cognitive impairment in persons with epilepsy and new therapeutic options

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
N. V. Pizova ◽  
A. V. Pizov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Epilepsy Therapy ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Structural Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease. The problems of people with epilepsy go well beyond epileptic seizures. Comorbidities in epilepsy are very common and often cause more problems to the patients than the seizures themselves. Although seizures are the most prominent clinical presentation of epilepsy, people with epilepsy are exposed to risk of not only seizures, but also of many health problems. Both children and adults with epilepsy often complain of memory impairment. It is commonly believed that cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy is multifactorial. The components that deteriorate cognitive functions include active seizures and especially generalized tonic-clonic seizures, traumatic brain injuries, structural epilepsy, and drug therapy. Cognitive dysfunction is very often present as far back as during the onset of epilepsy. The cognitive dysfunction detected in patients with epilepsy depend on the localization of the epileptic focus, the frequency and type of epileptic seizures, and changes in the interictal electroencephalogram. Seizures can be controlled with antiepileptic drugs in most patients with epilepsy. Therapy of cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy presents significant difficulties, as there is no evidence of the efficacy of various drugs in cognitive disorders. The article presents a new Russian antiepileptic drug based on phenosanic acid as part of combination therapy in patients with partial epileptic seizures with or without secondary generalization, which can improve cognitive functions in patients with epilepsy.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in patients with chronic hepatitis B

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Pavic ◽  
Neda Svirtlih ◽  
Dragan Delic ◽  
Aleksandra Radovanovic-Spurnic
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Healthy Persons

Introduction. Pronounced symptoms of depression and disorders of cognitive functions can be observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Objective. The objective of the study was evaluation of the severity of symptoms and predictive factors for depression and the existence of cognitive disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods. A total of 150 respondents were included in this prospective study (50 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 50 patients with other chronic liver diseases and 50 healthy persons). The patients with chronic hepatitis B were homogeneous by age compared to healthy subjects (p=0.566) and patients with other chronic liver diseases (p=0.528). Assessment of intensity of depression was determined by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). A Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test was used to investigate the presence of cognitive disorders. Results. Significantly expressed depression was observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared with healthy persons as well as the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction (p=0.00), while in comparison with the patients with chronic nonviral liver diseases, depression was statistically significantly less markedly expressed (p=0.003). Depression and cognitive dysfunction were more noticeable in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the stage of liver cirrhosis in relation to the early stage of the disease. Multivariate analysis of variables related to the sociodemographic characteristics showed that the most significant positive predictor of depression was more expressed in older age (over 50 years) (B=0.276; SE=0.092; p=0.004). Conclusion. Patients with chronic hepatitis B have a higher intensity of depression compared to healthy people, which is intensified with the progression of the disease. The highest expression of depression is expected in the elderly. Patients with chronic hepatitis B have a lower intensity of depression and fewer disorders of cognitive functions than patients with other chronic liver diseases.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairments in Young Men Suffering from Epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Central System ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the central system with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Cognitive disorders are quite common with this disease and significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and their families. In approximately 35% of patients, despite treatment, various impairments of memory, attention and bradyphrenia persist in the interictal period. Causes of cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy can be directly the underlying factor of epilepsy (genetic disease, structural brain defect, etc.), epileptic seizures, interictal epileptiform activity, side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Modern neurophysiological and neuroimaging diagnostic methods allow us to identify new features of the course and progression of dysfunctions of higher nervous activity in epilepsy

scholarly journals Cognitive Epileptiform Disintegration in Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gamirova ◽  
E Gorobets ◽  
V Marulina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Eeg Monitoring ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Video Eeg

Cognitive epileptiform disintegration is a specific disease associated with severe epileptiform activity on the EEG in the absence of epileptic seizures accompanied by different developmental cognitive disorders in children. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these developmental disorders have changed in the last10 years. The article presents the analysis of cognitive epileptiform disintegration specificity and the results of the survey that included 57 children aged 2–7 with developmental disorders caused by epileptiform activity that was revealed during video EEG monitoring with sleep deprivation. The children were assessed with19-channel EEG, synchronized with a video-monitoring system. Recording time was 1–2 hours. The psychometric methods used for the assessment of cognitive functions were three batteries of tests for children according to their age (2 years – MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories, 3–5 years – subtests created in Kazan’ Federal University, 6–7 years – T.V. Akhutina’s methods of neuropsychological diagnosis). The results of the research show that cognitive impairment in children with cognitive epileptiform disintegration aged 2–7 are complex, and predominantly they are the results of general developmental disorders associated with constant strong electrical impact on the functional blocks of the brain. Speech is most severely affected, both expressive and impressive, but speech disorders are always accompanied by the deficit of visual-spatial and kinesthetic analyzers, the deficit of the third functional block development and behavioral (predominantly autism-like) disorders. Keywords: cognitive epileptiform disintegration, developmental disorders, speech disorders, video EEG monitoring, higher cortical functions, assessment of speech, assessment of cognitive functions

scholarly journals Epilepsy combined with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: a literature review and description of clinical cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
M. B. Mironov ◽  
N. V. Chebanenko ◽  
S. O. Ayvazyan ◽  
S. A. Vladimirova ◽  
K. V. Osipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Epileptic Spasms ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

This article presents the anamnestic, clinical, electro-encephalographic and neuroimaging findings in 5 patients with epilepsy combined with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). According to our data and the results of others, this combination has its specific characteristics. These include: a high incidence of epilepsy in patients with WHS (50-100% of cases), an early debut of seizures (mainly in the first year of life), fever-provoked seizures, and a variety of seizure types – focal paroxysms, bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, atypical febrile seizures, atypical absences and epileptic spasms. In addition, there may be frequent epileptic seizures tending toward status epilepticus, a slowing of the major EEG activity, a local EEG slowing (mainly in the posterior and bi-frontal areas), and regional / multiregional epileptiform activity. In more than 50% of cases, the diffuse peakwave activity is observed; the broad spectrum anti-epileptic drugs are highly efficient in 80% of cases. Based on this study, we propose recommendations for the management of patients with epilepsy combined with WHS.

NEUROPHYSOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS IN COGNITIVE DISORDERS AND EPILEPTIC SEIZURES IN PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Nasiba Raupova ◽  
◽  
Sadriddin Pulatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic, non-infectious disease of the nervous system, one of the most common diseases in the world,which affects children and adolescents, adults and the elderly; men and women. This is not only a major medical, but also a socially significant problem -according to the WHO, about 50 million people suffer from epilepsy, or 0.5-1% of the world's population.We conducted this study to analyze EEG impairments of cognitive impairmet and epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy, as well as to investigate the significance of the use of EEG in the diagnos of epilepsy with cognitive im-pairment

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus in the conditions of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
N.M. Zherdova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

This review highlights the state of cognitive functions in patients with metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus at the stage of detection of the underlying disease and after COVID-19. The main links in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes are explained, and based on previous studies of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, possible mechanisms of cognitive impairment in patients infected with COVID-19 are revealed. Methods for the correction of cognitive disorders with the use of modern nootropics, such as phenibut, are proposed.

scholarly journals ognitive Disorders and Their Correction in Children With Epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

The article is devoted to the analysis of literature data on the study of cognitive disorders in children. The issues of the prevalence of these disorders are considered. Ir was noted the fact that the high prevalence of epilepsy in the population, frequent combination with mental retardation and personality changes and the need for long-term therapy anticonvulsant therapy determine the exceptional importance of this problem in pediatric neurology and psychiatry. The issues under consideration are due to the fact that the presence of cognitive disorder is one of the essential aspects in epileptological practice, as well as the fact that neurologists and psychiatrists involved in the treatment of epilepsy in children and adolescents often underestimate these disorders. The article pays attention to the etiological and pathogenetic aspects of the cognitive disorders formation, the dependence of the occurrence of these disorders on the localization of the epileptic focus, on the nature of the seizures and age-related features of the epilepsy course. It is indicated that cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy is determined by biological and social factors interaction complex. The main points that can explain the cognitive and behavioral problems in children with epilepsy are underlined. Two mechanisms in the violation of the cognitive activity of patients with epilepsy are identified. It is indicated that psychosocial problems for patients often come to the fore, including cases when control over seizures has not been achieved yet. In particular, depression in patients with difficult to control epilepsy affects quality of life more than frequent suizures. In addition, depression can have a significant impact on cognitive function. Complaints on speech functions, memory, attention, thinking disorders that patients can present at the doctor’s appointment, are in second place after complaints on seizures. It was also given attention to the views on approaches to the treatment of cognitive disorders. It is indicated, that providing assistance to children with cognitive disorders should have a comprehensive and individual approach, combining non-medicament and medication methods.bThe funds belonging to the group of nootropic drugs, and also directed psychological correction, supported by antiepileptic therapy are applied traditionally for the treatment of cognitive disorders.

The use of progesterone during pregnancy in women with epilepsy as an alternative to the correction of doses of anticonvulsants

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Elena V. Tsallagova ◽  
Vasily O. Generalov ◽  
Timur R. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Pregnancy is the most dangerous period in terms of interruption of even persistent and long-term remission. At the same time increasing the dose of anticonvulsant increases the risk of teratogenic effects. Aim. to assess the possibility of using progesterone to prevent relapse of epileptic seizures during pregnancy. Materials and methods. 38 pregnant patients with epilepsy with clinical remission before pregnancy, with relapse of epileptic seizures in I trimester of pregnancy, age 31.81.4 years. Dydrogesterone in a dose of 10 to 60 mg/day was prescribed after the relapse of remission. Anticonvulsant dosage was not changed. The blood progesterone concentration and EEG control was carried out. Results. During pregnancy, the level of progesterone in the blood gradually increased from 77.8 nmol/l at 78 weeks of pregnancy to 521.1 nmol/l at 3637 weeks of pregnancy, without exceeding the limits. EEG results did not deteriorate. None of the patients had seizures during pregnancy. Conclusion. Progesterone therapy is an adequate and safe alternative to increasing the dose of anticonvulsants in case of recurrent seizures during pregnancy.

Features and methods of assessing health-related quality of life and cognitive functions in patients with glial tumors

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Vera Arsenyeva ◽  
Boris Martynov ◽  
Gennadiy Bulyshchenko ◽  
Dmitriy Svistov ◽  
Boris Gaydar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Eortc Qlq ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Gliomas make up about 8 cases per 100,000 population and the number of patients with this disease is only increasing. There can be not only various types of neurological deficits among the symptoms, but also personal and emotional changes, that seriously affects the quality of life. The modern model of health care includes not only recovery of the patient’s physical functions, but also his or her psychosocial well-being. In particular, the assessment and study of the characteristics of health-related quality of life, as well as cognitive functions in patients with gliomas, is increasingly recognized as an important criterion when considering the effectiveness of treatment. To date, the features of health related quality of life and cognitive functions of patients with epilepsy and acute cerebral circulation disorders have been studied sufficiently, and, as a result, techniques have been developed that accurately assess the QOL and CF in patients with these diseases. These are QOLIE-31 and QOLIE-AD-48 questionnaires for patients with epilepsy. This is the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Orgogozo stroke scale (OSS), World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale for the clinical assessment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) for patients with acute cerebrovascular accident. At the same time, there are no generally accepted methods for assessing quality of life and neurocognitive functions that are sensitive to changes in the condition of patients with gliomas in the early postoperative period by the time of discharge from the hospital. As a result, there is no systematic information on the dynamics of the quality of life of such patients, their neurocognitive functioning. The purpose of this article was to study the literature on QOL and CF in patients affected by neurological and neurosurgical disorders for the further selection of optimal methods for assessing dynamics of the condition of patients with glial brain tumors before and after surgery. At the moment, such requirements are only partially met by the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and its application EORTC QLQ-BN20.

scholarly journals Perception about Etiology of Epilepsy and Help-Seeking Behavior in Patients with Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Das ◽  
Samar Biswas ◽  
Souvik Dubey ◽  
Durjoy Lahiri ◽  
Biman Kanti Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Tertiary Care Centers ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Abstract Objectives Patients with epilepsy and their family have diverse beliefs about the cause of their illness that generally determine their treatment-seeking behavior. In this study, our aim was to find out different beliefs about epilepsy that lead to different help-seeking patterns, which act as barrier to the intended modern medical management of epilepsy. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty consecutive consenting patients accompanied by a reliable informant/family member fulfilling the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (ICES), simplified version, were included. Demographic and clinical data of all the eligible subjects was collected. Perceived cause of illness and help-seeking pattern were explored from patient/informant by administering proper instruments. Results Respondents identified varied causes of epilepsy and explored multiple help-seeking options before reaching tertiary care centers. We observed that, generally, epileptic patients/relatives who had belief in causes like supernatural causes sought help from nonprofessional personnel and those attributed their symptom to bodily pathology had professional help-seeking. Conclusions The belief in supernatural causes not being conformed to the biomedical models of the epileptic disorders increases the treatment gap.

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