scholarly journals Abnormal Glycemic Control, Obesity, and Increased Infection Risk in Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Since 2007, the rate of opioids prescribing has steadily increased among physicians more likely to manage acute and chronic pain. Most health care workers are well aware of prescription opioid-related risks of addiction and overdose; however, the recent studies have shown other potential risks such as: abnormal glycemic control, obesity, and increased risk of infections. In this review, we discuss the latest available evidence examining the relationship of prescription opioid use with increased obesity, abnormal glycemic control, and risk of infections.

Prescription opioid use during pregnancy and risk for preterm birth or term low birthweight

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Julia D. Interrante, MPH ◽  
Stacey L. P. Scroggs, PhD ◽  
Carol J. Hogue, PhD ◽  
Jan M. Friedman, MD ◽  
Jennita Reefhuis, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

Objective: Examine the relationship between prescription opioid analgesic use during pregnancy and preterm birth or term low birthweight.Design, setting, and participants: We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a US multisite, population-based study, for births from 1997 to 2011. We defined exposure as self-reported prescription opioid use between one month before conception and the end of pregnancy, and we dichotomized opioid use duration by ≤7 days and 7 days.Main outcome measures: We examined the association between opioid use and preterm birth (defined as gestational age 37 weeks) and term low birthweight (defined as 2500 g at gestational age ≥37 weeks).Results: Among 10,491 singleton mother/infant pairs, 470 (4.5 percent) reported opioid use. Among women reporting opioid use, 236 (50 percent) used opioids for 7 days; codeine (170, 36 percent) and hydrocodone (163, 35 percent) were the most commonly reported opioids. Opioid use was associated with slightly increased risk for preterm birth [adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0, 1.9], particularly with hydrocodone [1.6; 1.0, 2.6], meperidine [2.5; 1.2, 5.2], or morphine [3.0; 1.5, 6.1] use for any duration; however, opioid use was not significantly associated with term low birthweight.Conclusions: Preterm birth occurred more frequently among infants of women reporting prescription opioid use during pregnancy. However, we could not determine if these risks relate to the drug or to indications for use. Patients who use opioids during pregnancy should be counseled by their practitioners about this and other potential risks associated with opioid use in pregnancy. 

scholarly journals The moderating effect of psychedelics on the prospective relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk among marginalized women

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Argento ◽  
Melissa Braschel ◽  
Zach Walsh ◽  
M Eugenia Socias ◽  
Kate Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
P Value ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use ◽  
The Relationship

Background/aims: Given high rates of depression and suicide among marginalized women, and increasing calls to integrate trauma-informed biomedical and community-led structural interventions, this study longitudinally examines the potential moderating effect of psychedelic use on the relationship between other illicit drug use and suicide risk. Methods: Data (2010–2017) were drawn from a community-based, prospective open cohort of marginalized women in Vancouver, Canada. Extended Cox regression analyses examined the moderating effect of psychedelic use on the association between other illicit drug use and incidence of suicidal ideation or attempt over follow-up. Results: Of 340 women without suicidal ideation or attempt at baseline, 16% ( n=53) reported a first suicidal episode during follow-up, with an incidence density of 4.63 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 3.53–6.07). In unadjusted analysis, psychedelic use moderated the relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk: among women who did not use psychedelics, prescription opioid use increased the hazard of suicide (hazard ratio 2.91; 95% confidence interval 1.40–6.03) whereas prescription opioid use was not associated with increased suicidal ideation or attempt among those who used psychedelics (hazard ratio 0.69; 95% confidence interval 0.27–1.73) (interaction term p-value: 0.016). The moderating effect of psychedelics remained significant when adjusted for confounders (interaction term p-value: 0.036). Conclusions: Psychedelic use had a protective moderating effect on the relationship between prescription opioid use and suicide risk. In the context of a severe public health crisis around prescription opioids and lack of addiction services tailored to marginalized women, this study supports calls for innovative, evidence-based and trauma-informed interventions, including further research on the potential benefits of psychedelics.

scholarly journals Correlates and consequences of central sleep apnea in a national sample of US veterans

SLEEP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ratz ◽  
Wyndy Wiitala ◽  
M Safwan Badr ◽  
Jennifer Burns ◽  
Susmita Chowdhuri
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

AbstractThe prevalence and consequences of central sleep apnea (CSA) in adults are not well described. By utilizing the large Veterans Health Administration (VHA) national administrative databases, we sought to determine the incidence, clinical correlates, and impact of CSA on healthcare utilization in Veterans. Analysis of a retrospective cohort of patients with sleep disorders was performed from outpatient visits and inpatient admissions from fiscal years 2006 through 2012. The CSA group, defined by International Classification of Diseases-9, was compared with a comparison group. The number of newly diagnosed CSA cases increased fivefold during this timeframe; however, the prevalence was highly variable depending on the VHA site. The important predictors of CSA were male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94–2.76, p < 0.0001), heart failure (HF) (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.64–1.92, p < 0.0001), atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.69–2.00, p < 0.0001), pulmonary hypertension (OR = 1.38, 95% CI:1.19–1.59, p < 0.0001), stroke (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.50–1.82, p < 0.0001), and chronic prescription opioid use (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.87–2.13, p < 0.0001). Veterans with CSA were at an increased risk for hospital admissions related to cardiovascular disorders compared with the comparison group (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.16–1.95, p = 0.002). Additionally, the effect of prior HF on future admissions was greater in the CSA group (IRR: 4.78, 95% CI: 3.87–5.91, p < 0.0001) compared with the comparison group (IRR = 3.32, 95% CI: 3.18–3.47, p < 0.0001). Thus, CSA in veterans is associated with cardiovascular disorders, chronic prescription opioid use, and increased admissions related to the comorbid cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, there is a need for standardization of diagnostics methods across the VHA to accurately diagnose CSA in high-risk populations.

Analyzing the relationship between nonmedical prescription-opioid use and heroin use

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulu Ruan, MD ◽  
Melville Q. Wyche, III, MD ◽  
Alan David Kaye, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use ◽  
The Relationship

No abstract

Energy drinks and energy shot use associated with non- medical prescription opioid use among adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff M. Housman ◽  
Ronald D. Williams ◽  
Conrad L. Woolsey
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
School Students ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between energy drinks (ED), energy shot (ES) and non-medicalopioid use among high school students. Logistic regression indicated ED use was a significant predictor ofnon-medical Vicodin (OR = 1.314, P < 0.05) use but not non-medical Oxycontin use (OR = 1.050 P= 0.073) and ES use was a statistically significant predictor of non-medical use of Vicodin (OR = 1.545,P < 0.01) and Oxycontin use (OR = 1.590 P < 0.001). Mann-Whitney U tests indicated significantlygreater non-medical opioid use among students who used ED and ES than those who did not.

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