ODONTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION (review)

Background. Odontological effects of ionizing radiation (IR) as a result of radiotherapy, the consequences of acci-dents at nuclear power plants and industry, individual occupational exposure, etc. deserve significant attention interns of radiation medicine and radiation safety. Objective: to analyze and summarize clinical and experimental data on the odontological radiation effects. Materials and methods. Object: the pathological changes in the hard tissues of teeth, pulp, periodontium, mucous membranes of the mouth and jaws due to exposure to IR. Method: search in the PubMed / MEDLINE, Google Scholar abstract medical and biological databases, scientific libraries of the relevant sources of scientific information. Results. Radiobiological effects of IR due to its direct and indirect action are manifested throughout the period of odontogenesis and formation of the facial skeleton. Experimental and clinical data (in children and adults) indicate the increased risk of dental caries, reduction of pain threshold and vascularization of tooth pulp along with its fibrosis and atrophy, periodontal dysfunction, which predispose to a high probability of tooth loss. Abnormalities in the activity of osteoblasts and cementoblasts of dental periosteum and osteoblasts of alveolar process in combination with circulatory disorders due to endothelial cell death, hyalinization, thrombosis and vascular obliteration increase the risk of jaw osteoradionecrosis. Children who have undergone a prenatal exposure to IR as a result of the Chornobyl NPP accident have a premature change of teeth. Deterioration of periodontal tissues and early development of acute and complicated dental caries are typical for children and adults affected by the Chornobyl disaster. Conclusions. Summarized data on the effects of radiation exposure under different conditions on teeth primordia (i.e. immature teeth), their formation and eruption in experimental and clinical settings, as well as on the odontological radiation effects in adults are summarized. Condition of the teeth in the Chornobyl NPP accident survivors is described. Understanding and taking into account the radiobiological odontological effects is necessary in the light of planning, preparing, and conducting local radiation therapy and developing the standards of radiation safety and measures to protect professionals and the public in the event of possible radiation accidents at the nuclear power plants and industry facilities. Key words: ionizing radiation, radiation therapy, Chornobyl NPP accident, odontology, tooth enamel, dentin, pulp, periodontium, caries, odontogenesis.

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Regulatory Nuclear and Radiation Safety Requirements for NPP Power Supply Systems

Nuclear and Radiation Safety ◽

10.32918/nrs.2017.3(75).08 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 46-49

Author(s):

V. Levakin ◽

K. Yefimova ◽

S. Polyvoda ◽

V. Iokst

Keyword(s):

Power Supply ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Safety Requirements ◽

Electrical Systems ◽

Emergency Power ◽

Nuclear And Radiation Safety ◽

Supply Systems

The paper presents review of the requirements from the new regulation NP 306.2.205-2016 “Requirements for Power Supply Systems Important to Safety of Nuclear Power Plants” and recommendations of IAEA and WENRA for the construction of electrical systems important to safety of nuclear power plants. The research is focused on main differences of NP 306.2.205-2016 from standards that applied to NPP emergency power supply systems (PNAE G-9-026-90, PNAE G-9-027- 91) and which were cancelled in 2016.

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Radiation effects on the properties of concrete used in nuclear power plants

EMERG - Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization ◽

10.37410/emerg.2021.1.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 133-150

Author(s):

Andrei POPA ◽

Doina PANTAZI ◽

Constantin NISTOR

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Nuclear Power Plants

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Investigation of the characteristics of the container for storage of radioactive waste of nuclear power plants with uranium-graphite reactors

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201824507016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 07016

Author(s):

Aleksey Ivshin ◽

Alexandr Kalyutik ◽

Anatolii Blagoveshchenskii

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Energy Range ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Radiation Characteristic ◽

Calculation Error

The article presents the results of the study of neutron-physical characteristics of the container for storage of radioactive waste of nuclear power plants with uranium-graphite reactors. The interaction of gamma quanta (in the energy range from 0.1 to 2 MeV) with the structural materials of the container is simulated. The numerical values of the parameters determining the radiation characteristic of the container with the estimation of the calculation error are obtained. The following main characteristics of the container are determined: the attenuation coefficient of the equivalent dose, the numerical factor of gamma radiation accumulation. These characteristics can be used to justify the radiation safety of the container, in particular when selecting protection materials, as well as when building additional heterogeneous protection barriers.

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Problems of Population Radiation Safety Support in Case of Radiation Accidents

Medical Radiology and radiation safety ◽

10.12737/article_5b17a3e6864907.56652758 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 74-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

С. Гончаров ◽

S. Goncharov ◽

Г. Аветисов ◽

G. Avetisov

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Disaster Medicine ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Radiation Accidents ◽

The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of 25-old activity of the head agency of the Service for Disaster Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation – All Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine «Zaschita» (ARCDM «Zaschita») of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the sphere of medical support of population in case of radiation accidents. The Service is a functional subsystem of the Unified State system of prevention and liquidation of emergency situations, intended for elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situation. In Russia, it is legally established that in case of radiation accident the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia (the FMBA of Russia) is responsible for radiation safety of the population living in the NPP surveillance zone (approximately 25 km). Responsibility for the radiation safety of the rest of the population living outside the surveillance zone is assigned to the Service for disaster medicine. In accordance with the current document “Model content of the protection plan of the population in case of an accident at the radiation facility” developed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, mandatory protective measures are provided in the territory that radius is 25 km around the radiation object (planning zones of preventive and emergency measures). Early planning in the restrictive planning zone is not envisaged, and protective measures outside the 100-kilometer zone are considered inappropriate. The article presents the concept developed by the specialists of ARCDM «Zaschita» for drafting protection of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the nuclear power plants operating on the territory of Russia. The concept is based on experience of consequences of the Chernobyl NPP accident. The concept argues that the outer boundary of the planning area for protective measures around nuclear power plants should have an outer radius of 1000 km. Radius of the emergency planning area is 100 km. The problems of preparedness for radiation safety of population support in case of radiation accidents are discussed. They are: the need for elaboration of regulatory and normative documents of the federal level on obligatory advance planning of protective measures against the possibility of radiation accidents on radiation-hazardous objects from the nuclear power plants on the territory of Russia for the population, not supervised by the FMBA of Russia (living both in the observation zone and abroad) and regulating the need and procedure of planning, organization and carrying out in case of necessity iodine prophylaxis for the population on territories up to 1000 km from operating NPPs of Russia. Same approaches to the solution of the considered problems are suggested.

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Physics-Based Probabilistic Model of the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Polymeric Insulators of Electric Cables used in Nuclear Power Plants

10.2172/1497835 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ali Mosleh ◽

Mohamad Al-Sheikhly ◽

Yuan -Shang Chang ◽

Richard Reister

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Probabilistic Model ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Polymeric Insulators ◽

Electric Cables

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Understanding radiation effects in SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays for implementing instrumentation and control systems of nuclear power plants

Nuclear Engineering and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.net.2017.09.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 1589-1599 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T.S. Nidhin ◽

Anindya Bhattacharyya ◽

R.P. Behera ◽

T. Jayanthi ◽

K. Velusamy

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Field Programmable Gate Arrays ◽

Gate Arrays ◽

Field Programmable ◽

Programmable Gate Arrays ◽

And Control

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ESTIMATION OF PHOTON ENERGY AND DIRECTION DISTRIBUTIONS AT JAPANESE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS BASED ON LITERATURE SURVEY FOR J-EPISODE STUDY

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncaa111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 190 (4) ◽

pp. 372-391

Author(s):

Hiroshige Furuta ◽

Akemi Nishide ◽

Shin'ichi Kudo ◽

Shin Saigusa

Keyword(s):

Photon Energy ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Literature Survey ◽

International Agency ◽

Nuclear Facilities

Abstract In order to reconstruct organ-absorbed dose from recorded dose for risk estimation in nuclear worker cohort, the preceding study of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 15-Country Collaborative Study estimated the organ dose conversion factor from the recorded dose of Hp(10) under the assumption that on average, in the nuclear power plants (NPPs), 10% of the dose received by workers was due to photon energies ranging from 100 to 300 keV and 90% from photon energies ranging from 300 to 3000 keV, with the average geometry being 50% in the antero-posterior geometry and 50% in the isotropic geometry. Similar examination was conducted at the Japanese Epidemiological Study on Low-Dose Radiation Effects (J-EPISODE). Literature survey disclosed that Japanese electric power companies had jointly conducted the research on energy distribution and incidence direction distribution of gamma rays in working environments during periodical inspection and maintenance as well as during operation in the 1980s. The analysis of the survey results on photon energy and geometry distribution of Japanese NPPs demonstrated appropriateness in applying the IARC study assumption for nuclear workers in Japan and reconstructing organ-absorbed dose in the J-EPISODE. These results in Japan also provide strong evidence to support the robustness and generality of the IARC study assumption, which was estimated based on the judgment of experts at nuclear facilities around the world.

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Application of a Specifi c Indicator for the Estimation of Radioactive Wastes Generation Volumes During Normal Operation of Nuclear Power Plants in Russia

Radioactive waste ◽

10.25283/2587-9707-2020-2-66-74 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 66-74

Author(s):

A. A. Ekidin ◽

◽

K. L. Antonov ◽

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Radioactive Wastes ◽

Intermediate Level ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Low Level ◽

Retrospective Assessment ◽

High Level

Generation of radioactive wastes (RW) is viewed a most urgent problem of radiation safety under normal operation of nuclear power plants (NPP). The paper demonstrates the application of a specifi c indicator (rate) of RW generation per unit of generated power (m3/GW·h) for a retrospective assessment and forecasting of RW generation volumes at Russian NPPs. Mean and median values of annual specifi c RW generation rates were calculated for each NPP based on published environmental reports of JSC Rosenergoatom Concern for the period of 2008—2018. Advantage of applying median values in retrospective and forecast assessments was shown. Medians for solid very low-level, low-level, intermediate-level and high-level radioactive waste amounted to 1.5·10−2 m3/GW·h, 3.3·10−2 m3/GW·h, 3.3·10−3 m3/GW·h and 2.8·10−4 m3/GW·h, respectively; for liquid low-level and intermediate-level waste these values accounted for 1.4·10−3 m3/GW·h, 2.5·10−3 m3/GW·h, respectively. NPPs with RBMK reactor units are characterized by the highest mean and median values of specifi c RW generation rates for all RW categories. Given various types of reactor facilities and their characteristic specifi c rates, retrospective estimates for the total volume of liquid RW was increased by 8 % and for solid RW — by 12 %. The forecast estimates based on specifi c rate medians, as well as on increased power generation planned for Russian NPPs indicates probable increase in RW generation volumes by 0.8—7.1 % (depending on waste category) from 2020 to 2027.

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