ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019, 21/4 (Volume 2019/issue 21/4) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
The Future

The last issue of the Contemporary Military Challenges in 2019 when we celebrate the 15th anniversary of Slovenia's accession to the European Union and NATO, is dedicated to the organizational culture. Many different books, articles, and online records are dedicated to the organizational culture. Most authors claim that organizational culture is essential to the success of large companies and the performance of their employees. After a number of theories on the factors affecting the performance of companies and large corporations, we have somehow again returned to the central factor - the person - the employee, the one who is motivated to do something more and better, who positively influences other employees so that together they can become better and more satisfied, and that they are more in tune with the goals and desires of the company which employs them for the common good. Concerning the distinction between organizational culture and organizational climate Dr Kristijan Musek Lešnik on his website says that many experts and gurus often confuse the two concepts or use them interchangeably. As far as organizational climate is concerned, Musek, referring to Schein, writes that organizational culture is composed of artefacts (things, language, slogans, symbols), expressed values (strategies, goals, philosophy and standards of the organization) and basic assumptions (beliefs, opinions, attitudes and feelings that are taken for granted within the organization and are shared by its members). Compared to both, he says that it also manifests itself in a temporal perspective: culture is oriented towards the past (traditions, myths, etc.) and builds the future through visions, whereas the climate is the perception of the present state. From this description it can be concluded that the organizational culture and of course climate are important for every undertaking. Consequently, they also play an important role in the modern armed forces. History is important to the identity of a nation and its military; however, organizational culture as the builder of the future is even more important. The past decade has been very specific for the Slovenian Armed Forces, as it was entirely marked by the financial crisis which began in 2008. SAF members especially felt it in terms of their salaries, equipment, weapons and reduced numbers of personnel. The SAF was also strongly impacted by the changed security situation in the nearby and broader region, which was predominantly manifested in the form of mass migration in 2015. Since then, it has been identified primarily through the increased number of illegal migrants crossing the Croatian border where Slovenian Armed Forces members take an active part in protecting the Schengen border in collaboration with the police. As it seems, this will continue to be its task in the future as well. Organizational culture as the builder of the future is the central theme of this thematic issue, in which we focus on the core tasks and mission of the Armed Forces.

scholarly journals MIGRATIONS AND SECURITY ON THE OLD CONTINENT

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common

It has been two years since the European migrant crisis. In autumn 2015, Europe was flooded by a refugee wave that people neither expected nor imagined. It was a surprise in every way. Modern technology, reputable institutions, and leading global experts from different fields did not anticipate what happened. The European legal order, human rights, the Schengen regime, and the ideas of the West dissolved quickly and left people faced with a naked reality. Where are the refugees now, how many are there, and how do they feel? How did the refugee crisis affect the national security system and the common European defence and security policy? The media rarely reports on this now, two years later. Instead, there is much talk of terrorist attacks in European cities, the UK’s exit from the European Union, the US President, Donald Trump, and the Korean rockets that ruffle the Japanese sea. Years ago, Samuel P. Huntington wrote a book The Clash of Civilizations. It was published in Slovenia in 2005. His assumption was that the main reason for the clash of nations in the future would be their cultural and religious identity. He predicted that the greatest threat would be extreme terrorism. Different ideologies would be replaced by self-oriented individuals, who would no longer be concerned about the common good, but focused on themselves and their benefits. The absence of ideologies would be replaced by a return to ancient traditions. Responses to Huntington's work were very different; some were enthusiastic, others sceptical. We can, however, conclude that his theory, first presented in 1992, was confirmed in the case of the war in the Western Balkans. When the ideology of former Yugoslavia died, the nations and nationalities returned to their roots, which resulted in a war that claimed the lives of many people. Robert D. Kaplan also wrote about the fact that the Western Balkans is a crossroads of different cultures. The most famous of his works is Balkan Ghosts, in which Kaplan examines in detail the historical and cultural turbulence in the immediate neighbourhood of the cradle of Western civilization, which has been the driving force behind the development of the West for the past two thousand years. This issue of Contemporary Military Challenges is therefore interested in what is new on the Old Continent, emphasizing security, defence and the military. In his article Geostrategic Shifts in Contemporary Europe, Uroš Tovornik examines the geostrategic significance of the relationships between France, Germany and the United Kingdom, the countries that shaped the fate of Europe in the past. With the UK's decision to leave the European Union, the former classic geostrategic triangle can now turn into other decisive geostrategic links which could greatly change the Old Continent. József Kis Benedek writes about the consequences of events in North Africa and the Middle East. In the recent past, some authors have wondered whether the Arab Spring would be followed by Arab Winter; however, what followed was the European migrant crisis and the escalation of terrorist attacks in Europe. In his article Challenges Posed to the European Union by the Iraqi, Syrian and Libyan Crises, the author focuses on the participation of foreign fighters in crisis areas, coming from Europe to aid. Economic Intelligence: an Inevitable Choice is the title of an article written by Laris Gaiser. It stresses the urgent need for Slovenia to devote greater attention to this area in order to ensure greater benefits for its citizens. Slovenia has come a long way since 1991, but modern security guidelines stipulate that, besides classic tasks in the intelligence and security field, economic intelligence is also important. What is the situation in Slovenia and what else should we do? For several years, the Slovenian Armed Forces have been involved in the international operation and mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Slovenia is accompanied by many other European Union member states, ensuring peace and order in the country. How long will this go on, and how successful are the international security forces in the area? It is this and some other questions that the authors Ivana Boštjančič Pulko, Johanna Suhonen and Kari Sainio try to answer in the article Assessing the Planning and Implementation of the EU Missions and Operations: Case Study of EUFOR Althea in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cybernetics, cyberspace and cyber attacks are commonly known terms of which much has been heard and read about recently. How well do we really know these terms? Is there a legal basis at the national level and how is this field regulated in the international environment? This is a challenge requiring strategic and concrete answers. One of the possible answers can be found in the article Legality of Low-Intensity Cyber Operations under International Law by Pika Šarf. Military aviation is an integral part of the modern armed forces. Slovenian military aviation is relatively young and has, in its short history, experienced several development phases, both in the field of aeronautics and in the organizational military sense. The quality of cooperation of Slovenian military pilots in international operations, missions, and international military exercises testifies that we are on the right track. But how to proceed? In his article, Characteristics of the Slovenian Armed Forces Air Force: Now and 20 Years in the future, the author Mitja Lipovšek refers to the idea that history is a debate of the past with the present for the future. We wish you an interesting read, and invite you to also participate as authors of articles.

scholarly journals International Community’s Approach to Western Balkans: In Search of Stability and Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (85) ◽  
pp. 64-88
Author(s):  
Janez Juvan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
International Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The article presents research on the international community’s engagement in the countries of the Western Balkans in the past and their possible approach in the future. The focus of our research is on the functioning of mechanisms through which the international community performs certain tasks in the region. These interventions are primarily political, in the form of conferences, political programmes, consultations, pressures and continuous persuasion. Economic initiatives follow afterwards. By using different reform approaches, international institutions try to improve cooperation with the European Union (EU) and countries such as the USA, Russia, Turkey and China. Our research attempts to identify possible methods and new solutions for individual cases of conflict in Western Balkans countries, especially where the international community is actively involved. On this basis, we created a more holistic approach. The application of these measures could make the necessary reforms of the future easier. Our approach emphasises all the elements of security that are essential to the stability of the region and for the prevention of conflicts in the future.

The Draft EU Constitution—First Impressions

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 395-417
Author(s):  
Alan Dashwood
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Council ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional Treaty ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sufficient Degree

The convention on the Future of Europe, which came together in the spring of 2002, completed its work in June 2003. In the event, the various tasks that were set for the Convention by the Laeken Declaration of December 2001 on the Future of the European Union came to be subsumed in the overall task of devising a Constitution for the Union. A sufficient degree of consensus was achieved by the Convention to enable its President, Mr Valery Giscard d’Estaing, to present the outcome of the deliberations of the past 15 months, in the form of a Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, to the European Council of Thessaloniki. So it is through the proposed Constitutional Treaty (referred to hereinafter as ‘the Convention text’) that the specific objectives identified in the Nice and Laeken Declarations, such as those of re-legitimating the Union order and rendering the primary law of the Union more comprehensible to its subjects, now fall to be achieved.

scholarly journals DESET LET IZHAJANJA BILTENA SLOVENSKE VOJSKE – NOVIM IZZIVOM NAPROTI

2013 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
ALOJZ ŠTEINER
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Policy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Creation

Desetletno obdobje izhajanja Biltena Slovenske vojske (Bilten SV) je priložnost za analizo prehojene poti, pa tudi za pogled v prihodnost. V članku so predstavljeni kvantitativni kazalci uspešnosti izhajanja publikacije: pregled izdanih številk, število prispevkov, število natisnjenih strani in obravnavanih vprašanj z različnih področij delovanja Slovenske vojske in širšega obrambnega sistema ter število avtorjev. Več kot 150 avtorjev je skupaj oblikovalo skoraj 200 predvsem strokovnih člankov. Na začetku leta 2008 je bil oblikovan novi uredniški odbor, že sedmi po vrsti, ki si je zastavil nekaj smelih ciljev, ki jih predstavljamo v nadaljevanju. Seveda pa so glavni izzivi povezani s ciljem uredniške politike, da se v razvrstitvi strokovnih publikacij Bilten SV uvrsti v višji razred, da se povečata strokovnost in število znanstvenih prispevkov, da tako postane ogledalo strokovnosti in profesionalnosti naše vojske. Temu izzivu sledijo predstavljena vizija in strategija uredniškega odbora ter predvsem povabilo k širjenju kroga ustvarjalcev in mreže prejemnikov oziroma bralcev. The tenth anniversary of the Slovenian Armed Forces' Bulletin (in the further text: SAF Bulletin) provides an opportunity to make an in­depth analysis of the past and a view to the future. The article presents analytical indicators of the past period and achievements in terms of the number of issues, printed pages and topics covering various areas of Slovenian Armed Forces' operations and beyond. More than 150 authors have participated in the creation of almost 200 predominantly subject­matter related articles. The beginning of the year 2008 saw the establishment of the new editorial board, the seventh in the row that set some ambitious goals also described in this article. The main challenges are linked with the desire and goal of the SAF Bulletin editorial policy to improve its ranking in the classification of professional publications, to upgrade the level of professionalism and to increase the number of scientific articles, thereby reflecting the level of expertise and professionalism of the Slovenian Armed Forces. This challenge is the basis for the presented vision and strategy of the editorial board and, most of all, an invitation to expand the network of authors, subscribers and readers.

The Draft EU Constitution—First Impressions

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 395-417
Author(s):  
Alan Dashwood
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Council ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional Treaty ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sufficient Degree

The convention on the Future of Europe, which came together in the spring of 2002, completed its work in June 2003. In the event, the various tasks that were set for the Convention by the Laeken Declaration of December 2001 on the Future of the European Union came to be subsumed in the overall task of devising a Constitution for the Union. A sufficient degree of consensus was achieved by the Convention to enable its President, Mr Valery Giscard d’Estaing, to present the outcome of the deliberations of the past 15 months, in the form of a Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, to the European Council of Thessaloniki. So it is through the proposed Constitutional Treaty (referred to hereinafter as ‘the Convention text’) that the specific objectives identified in the Nice and Laeken Declarations, such as those of re-legitimating the Union order and rendering the primary law of the Union more comprehensible to its subjects, now fall to be achieved.

Beware of Chinese Bearing Gifts

2019 ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Labour Standards

The exponential growth of Chinese direct investment has been accompanied in some cases by controversy and even resistance, both in developing and in developed economies. Around the world, critics have expressed fears and denounced some of the potential dangers of this investment, such as lowering of local labour standards, hollowing out of industrial core through repatriation of assets, and acquisition of dual use technology. Alarmist media headlines have warned against a Chinese takeover of national economies one controversial investment deal at a time. The ensuing political backlash has often received considerable media attention and increased scrutiny over subsequent deals. What explains the political challenges posed by the spectacular explosion of Chinese direct investment over the past few years in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU)? How and why have attitudes and policies in the West changed over the past decade towards Chinese FDI? This chapter considers two alternative explanations for the political challenges triggered by Chinese investment in Western countries. The first is that Chinese FDI causes political unease because of its novelty. The second is the perception that there is something inherently different about the nature of Chinese FDI and therefore it should not be treated politically like any other foreign investment. These two explanations lead to a different set of predictions for the future of Chinese FDI in Europe and the US. The first section analyses how the novelty of Chinese FDI may pose political challenges to Western politicians and publics and compares the current phenomenon with past instances of political problematic sources of FDI. Section II examines the argument that there is something inherently different about Chinese FDI, notably as stemming from an emerging economy, a unique political system, and a non-ally in the security dimension. The third section explores the domestic political context in which these challenges are raised: in Europe, the euro crisis and the rise of populism; in the US, the focus on geopolitical competition and the rise of economic nationalism. The conclusion raises some implications of these political challenges on the future of Chinese outward investment.

Assessment of factors affecting willingness to blood donation among Hawassa town Population Southern, Ethiopia,2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belete Girma ◽  
Hiwot Deneke ◽  
Yusuf Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Supply ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Needle Prick

Abstract Background: Blood donation is a unique act to save the lives of people who face serious surgical and medical conditions. Since the request for blood supply is too high, there is a shortage of blood which causes significant morbidity and mortality. To increase blood supply and maintain adequate quantity of blood, regular and volunteer blood donation practice is needed. Ethiopia is one of the lowest annual donation rates which is 0.8/1000 population. This study assesses factors affecting willingness to donate blood among Hawassa town southern Population.Objectives: To assess the factors affecting willingness to blood donation among Hawassa town population Southern, Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hawassa town in November 2020. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select study population. At Stage one, three Kebele are selected from total 32 Kebele, at stage two using systematical sampling method used to draw the total sample size, proportional to the population of each kebele and each study units are selected randomly from Each household. Data was collected using structured interviewer questionnaire. Data entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Result: A total of 633 participants were included in the final analysis (response rate = 100%). Among which 212(33.5%) was Female and 421 (66.5%) were Male. The mean age was 30.95 ±2.0 years. Among the study participants, 490(77.4) are willing to donate blood in the future and 125(22.9%) of them had blood donation practices in the past. The most prominent factors that affect willingness of participant for blood donation was, Unfit to donate, fear of needle prick and Not approached to donate (45.2%,38.5% and 11.7%) respectively. Majority of the respondents 382 (60.3%) reported that voluntary donor is the best source of safe blood. Desire to help other and age of study Participant age greater 25 years are significantly associated factor for increased willingness to blood donation (AOR 2.146 (0.028, 0.753) and (AOR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.1, 3.0) respectively.Conclusion: Only minor proportion of the participants donate blood in the past, but Majority of the participant was willing to donate blood in the future. The major factors that participant not willing to donate blood are Unfit to donate, fear of needle prick and Not approached to donate. There is a need to improve awareness on who and when a person able to donate a blood and organizing campaign to increase awareness on important of blood donation for those who are willing to donate blood in the future, to create a pool of eligible blood donors.

Greek public libraries in economic crisis: the past, the present and the future

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Vassilakaki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges that the current economic crisis has posed for Greek public and municipal libraries. Design/methodology/approach – This is a viewpoint paper discussing the past, present and future directions that Greek public and municipal libraries have adopted or should adopt in the context of the present economic crisis. Findings – Greek public and municipal libraries ought to see the economic crisis as a challenge for development, improvement and the promotion of their presence and role in the community which they serve. Originality/value – The paper discusses the factors affecting the past and present situation relating to public and municipal libraries in Greece and addresses the future challenges for promoting development and innovation.

scholarly journals The Good Neighbourliness Principle in Relations Between the European Union and its Eastern European Neighbours

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Kalicka-Mikołajczyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mutual Tolerance ◽  
The Impact

The good neighbourliness principle is one of the most important principles in interna-tional law which designates a model of peaceful cooperation and mutual tolerance among neighbouring states. Its violation in the past, however, very often led to military conflicts and many international disputes and may lead to serious disputes among neighbouring states in the future. Thus, the good neighbourliness principle has a clear legal value54. This article analyses the good neighbourliness principle as a key principle that obligates neighbouring states to develop and to maintain peaceful interstate relations. The focus is twofold: firstly, on the scope, content and nature of the good neighbourliness principle in international law and secondly, on the impact of the good neighbourliness princi-ple on the relations between the European Union and its Eastern Neighbours within the framework of the neighbourhood policy and the enlargement policy.

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