The Use of Hair Tubes as an Indirect Method for Monitoring Red and Grey Squirrel Populations

Milk acetone determination by the photometrical method after microdiffusion and via FT infra-red spectroscopyMilk acetone (AC) and betahydroxybutyrate (BHB) are important indicators of the energy metabolism of cows (ketosis occurrence) and an effective method for their determination, with reliable results, is of great importance. The goal of this work was to investigate the infrared method MIR-FT in terms of its calibration for milk AC and to develop a usable procedure. The microdiffusion photometric (485 nm; Spekol 11) method was used with salicylaldehyde as a reference (Re) and mid infrared spectroscopy FT (MIR-FT: Lactoscope FT-IR, Delta; MilkoScan FT 6000, M-Sc) as an indirect method. The acetone addition to milk had no recovery using MIR-FT (Delta). The reference AC set must have acceptable statistics for good MIR-FT calibration (M-Sc) and they were: 10.1 ± 9.74 at a geometric mean of 7.26 mg l-1, and a variation range from 1.98 to 33.66 mg l-1. The AC correlation between Re and MIR-FT (Delta) was low at 0.32 (P>0.05 but the Log AC relationship between Re and MIR-FT (M-Sc) was markedly better at 0.80 (P<0.01). The conversion of >10 mg l-1 as an AC subclinical ketosis limit could be > -0.80 (feedback 0.158 mmol l-1 = 9.25 mg l-1) and > -1.66. This could be important for ketosis monitoring (using M-Sc).

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Grammatical Problems In Introduction Section Of Thesis Written By English Literature Students

Jurnal KATA ◽

10.22216/jk.v2i1.3158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Silvia Utami

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Indirect Method ◽

English Literature ◽

Writing Studies ◽

Background Information ◽

Verb Agreement ◽

Grammatical Errors ◽

Teaching Grammar ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

<p><em>Introduction section is the first section of the thesis that has an important role which summarizes background information about the topic. The ability to write a clear and concise introduction section of a thesis is indispensable skill to writers; thus it is essential for students to be aware of linguistic aspects of writing. Past literature in writing studies have shown that although many studies have been written about the grammatical errors and mistakes in writing, there is very little research done on grammatical problems in writing introduction section of thesis. This research was a descriptive qualitative research which aimed to analyze grammatical problems found in the introduction section of thesis written by English literature students at STIBA Persada Bunda Pekanbaru. The source of data in this research was documents taken from students’ thesis. The data were collected by using coding sheets. The findings of this research showed that the most common grammatical problems found in introduction section of thesis was incorrect verbs which dominated by tenses confusion and lack of subject and verb agreement. The possible solutions to overcome students’ grammatical problems were using indirect method in teaching grammar and prioritizing grammar structures to teach.</em></p>

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‘Indirect Method of Proof’ and the Kuwaiti Anti-Money Laundering Law: A Lesson from the UK

Criminal Law Forum ◽

10.1007/s10609-021-09415-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Khaled S. Al-Rashidi

Keyword(s):

Money Laundering ◽

Indirect Method ◽

The Uk

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A Study about the Temporal Constraints on the Martian Yardangs’ Development in Medusae Fossae Formation

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13071316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1316

Author(s):

Jia Liu ◽

Zongyu Yue ◽

Kaichang Di ◽

Sheng Gou ◽

Shengli Niu

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Indirect Method ◽

Common Method ◽

Planetary Surface ◽

Temporal Constraints ◽

History Of Development ◽

Long Duration ◽

History Of ◽

Dating Method

The age of Mars yardangs is significant in studying their development and the evolution of paleoclimate conditions. For planetary surface or landforms, a common method for dating is based on the frequency and size distribution of all the superposed craters after they are formed. However, there is usually a long duration for the yardangs’ formation, and they will alter the superposed craters, making it impossible to give a reliable dating result with the method. An indirect method by analyzing the ages of the superposed layered ejecta was devised in the research. First, the layered ejecta that are superposed on and not altered by the yardangs are identified and mapped. Then, the ages of the layered ejecta are derived according to the crater frequency and size distribution on them. These ages indicate that the yardangs ceased development by these times, and the ages are valuable for studying the evolution of the yardangs. This indirect dating method was applied to the areas of Martian yardangs in the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF). The ages of the selected six layered ejecta range from ~0.50 Ga to ~1.5 Ga, indicating that the evolution of the corresponding yardangs had been ceased before these times. Analysis of more layered ejecta craters and superposed yardangs implies that yardangs in the MFF have a long history of development and some yardangs are still in active development.

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The Erotic Family: Structures and Narratives of Milk Kinship in Premodern Japanese Tales

The Journal of Asian Studies ◽

10.1017/s0021911820004593 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Sachi Schmidt-Hori

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Indirect Method ◽

Tenth Century ◽

Upper Class ◽

Power Structures ◽

Family Structures ◽

Affective Labor ◽

The Core ◽

Premodern Japan ◽

Wet Nurse

This essay proposes that “milk kinship,” which upper-class individuals in premodern Japan formed with their milk kin—a menoto (wet nurse) and a menotogo (foster sibling)—occupies the core of an institutionalized erotic fosterage. In this “menoto system,” the surrogate mother's lactating body and erotic-affective labor became the connective tissue to bind two interclass families, creating a symbiosis that fortified the existing sociopolitical power structures. Around the tenth century, many vernacular tales started to feature menoto characters. While a typical menoto is the protagonist's homely, asexual, motherly confidante, her derivative construct—the menotogo of the protagonist—is often cast in an erotic light. In the four texts examined in this essay, menotogo valorize their erotic agencies to benefit their charges through sexual-affective labor or through an indirect method. The latter entails the formation of a “love square” in which two menotogo become lovers and then help their respective charges do the same.

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Novel combination of CRISPR-based gene drives eliminates resistance and localises spread

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83239-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicky R. Faber ◽

Gus R. McFarlane ◽

R. Chris Gaynor ◽

Ivan Pocrnic ◽

C. Bruce A. Whitelaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Driving Forces ◽

Spatial Models ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Biodiversity Loss ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Sciurus Carolinensis ◽

Gene Drive ◽

Grey Squirrel ◽

Gene Drives

AbstractInvasive species are among the major driving forces behind biodiversity loss. Gene drive technology may offer a humane, efficient and cost-effective method of control. For safe and effective deployment it is vital that a gene drive is both self-limiting and can overcome evolutionary resistance. We present HD-ClvR in this modelling study, a novel combination of CRISPR-based gene drives that eliminates resistance and localises spread. As a case study, we model HD-ClvR in the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), which is an invasive pest in the UK and responsible for both biodiversity and economic losses. HD-ClvR combats resistance allele formation by combining a homing gene drive with a cleave-and-rescue gene drive. The inclusion of a self-limiting daisyfield gene drive allows for controllable localisation based on animal supplementation. We use both randomly mating and spatial models to simulate this strategy. Our findings show that HD-ClvR could effectively control a targeted grey squirrel population, with little risk to other populations. HD-ClvR offers an efficient, self-limiting and controllable gene drive for managing invasive pests.

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Diurnal variation of leukocyte counts affects the indirect estimation of reference intervals

LaboratoriumsMedizin ◽

10.1515/labmed-2020-0132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Antje Torge ◽

Rainer Haeckel ◽

Mustafa Özcürümez ◽

Alexander Krebs ◽

Ralf Junker

Keyword(s):

Diurnal Variation ◽

Indirect Method ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Direct Methods ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Indirect Methods ◽

Indirect Estimation ◽

Late Afternoon ◽

Reference Limits ◽

Leukocyte Counts

Abstract It has been observed that the estimation of reference intervals of leukocytes in whole venous blood leads to higher upper reference limits (uRLs) with indirect methods than has been reported in the literature determined by direct approaches. This phenomenon was reinvestigated with a newer, more advanced indirect method, and could be confirmed. Furthermore, a diurnal variation was observed with lower values during the morning and higher values in the late afternoon and at night. This observation can explain why indirect approaches using samples collected during 24 h lead to higher uRLs than direct methods applied on samples collected presumably in the morning.

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