The history of Scotland's ACEs movement: grounded in a focus on relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Suzanne Zeedyk
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Violence Reduction ◽  
Dynamic Movement ◽  
Ace Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

As 2021 commences, Scotland finds itself in the midst of a dynamic movement driven by awareness of the science of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). That drive comes from unparalleled grassroots interest as well as moves towards reform in public services. This article traces the history of Scotland's ACEs journey, published, to our knowledge, for the first time in an academic journal. The start of the movement is dated to 2005, when the newly founded Violence Reduction Unit adopted a developmentally informed, public health approach to reducing Scotland's high rate of violence. In 2017, a national tour of the documentary film Resilience sparked widespread public engagement. It demonstrates that, from the outset, the Scottish movement has been grounded in a focus on relationships. This aligns it with an attachment perspective, posing an interesting contrast with the epidemiological origins of the ACE Study itself and the associated movement that has since emerged in the USA. The significance of this distinction has received insufficient consideration, perhaps because the trajectory of the Scottish ACEs movement has not been apparent. This article provides that narrative and reflects on its theoretical and practical implications.

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Brain Development, and Mental Health: A Call for Neurocounseling

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carryl P. Navalta ◽  
Lesley McGee ◽  
Jolene Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Ace Study ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of

The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study provided compelling evidence that abuse, neglect, and other ACEs are the most potent risk factors for the development of health, mental health, and substance use problems. Such negative health-related outcomes parallel the cumulative exposure of the developing brain to the stress response, with resulting impairment in multiple brain structures and functions. Collectively, these sequelae can manifest during childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. We and others have posited that counseling and other psychotherapeutic interventions need to address the individual's multilayered ecology (i.e., biological, psychological, social, cultural/contextual). Neurocounseling can provide a heuristic framework to more effectively assess, conceptualize, and counsel people with a history of ACEs. We provide an update of the clinical neuroscience of ACEs and its implications for counseling, including how contemporary interventions (e.g., mindfulness) can potentially have positive benefits for such individuals.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 398-405
Author(s):  
Takuma Ofuchi ◽  
Aye Myat Myat Zaw ◽  
Bang-on Thepthien
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Score Range

Currently, e-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use in a sample of adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample comprises 6167 students from 48 schools (grades 9, 11, and vocational year 2) who participated in the 2019 round of the Behavior Surveillance Survey. History of 11 ACEs was used to calculate a cumulative ACE score (range 0-11). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between history of ACEs and smoking. In the sample, 7.0% reported using e-cigarettes only and 9.5% used e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, history of ACEs was associated with increased odds of dual use. The odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was significantly greater if the adolescent had a history of ≥4 ACEs. Special attention is needed to prevent smoking of different types among those with a history of ACEs.

scholarly journals Disparities in Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Individuals With a History of Military Service

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Blosnich ◽  
Melissa E. Dichter ◽  
Catherine Cerulli ◽  
Sonja V. Batten ◽  
Robert M. Bossarte
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
History Of

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Intimate Partner Violence; Findings From a Community Sample of Hispanic Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110358
Author(s):  
Myriam Forster ◽  
Christopher J. Rogers ◽  
Bethany Rainisch ◽  
Timothy Grigsby ◽  
Carmen De La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
History Of

In the United States, a substantial proportion of the adult population (36% of women and 34% of men) from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds report experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) over the life course. Family risk factors have been linked to adolescent and young adult IPV involvement, yet few studies have examined the effect of multiple, co-occurring adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the stability and change of IPV behaviors over young adulthood—the period of highest risk for IPV. We investigated the relationship between the degree of ACE exposure and IPV victimization and perpetration at age 22 and two years later at age 24 among a sample of Hispanic young adults ( N= 1,273) in Southern California. Negative binomial regression models compared the incident rate ratio (IRR) of past-year verbal and physical IPV victimization and perpetration of respondents with 1–3 ACE and with ≥4 ACE to their peers who reported no history of ACE cross-sectionally (age 22) and longitudinally (age 24). At age 22, participants with 1–3 and ≥4 ACE were overrepresented in all IPV behaviors and had higher IRRs of verbal and physical victimization and perpetration compared to their peers with no ACE. By age 24, respondents with a history of ≥4 ACE were at significantly greater risk for escalating IPV behaviors over this time period than their peers with 1–3 ACE and no ACE. These findings highlight the importance of investing in coordinated efforts to develop strategies that help young people cope with the downstream effects of early life adversity. Research should continue to identify what individual, community, and cultural assets that promote resilience and are promising foci of IPV prevention approaches among vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Clinical correlates of the NR3C1 gene methylation at various stages of psychosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Błażej Misiak ◽  
Jerzy Samochowiec ◽  
Anna Konopka ◽  
Bożena Gawrońska-Szklarz ◽  
Jan Aleksander Beszłej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Population ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Background Dysregulation of epigenetic processes might account for alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis observed in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, individuals at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-P) and healthy controls (HCs) with respect to clinical manifestation and a history of psychosocial stressors. Methods We recruited 40 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 45 acutely relapsed schizophrenia (SCZ-AR) patients, 39 FHR-P individuals and 56 HCs. The level of methylation at nine CpG sites of the NR3C1 gene was determined using pyrosequencing. Results The level of NR3C1 methylation was significantly lower in FEP patients and significantly higher in SCZ-AR patients compared to other subgroups of participants. Individuals with FHR-P and HCs had similar levels of NR3C1 methylation. A history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) was associated with significantly lower NR3C1 methylation in all subgroups of participants. Higher methylation of the NR3C1 gene was related to worse performance of attention and immediate memory as well as lower level of general functioning in patients with psychosis. Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders show altered levels of NR3C1 methylation that is significantly lower in FEP patients and significantly higher in SCZ-AR patients. Higher methylation of the NR3C1 gene might be related to cognitive impairment observed in this clinical population. The association between a history of ACEs and lower NR3C1 methylation is not specific to patients with psychosis. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal mechanisms underlying these observations.

Including Adverse Childhood Experiences Content in the HBSE Course for BSW Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Panisch ◽  
Karen A. Randolph ◽  
Shamra Boel-Studt
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Standard Requirement ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generalist Practice ◽  
Work Education

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively affect biopsychosocial development and functioning across the lifespan. Social workers in generalist practice are likely to serve individuals with a history of childhood adversity. Currently, there is no standard requirement for the topic of ACEs to be addressed in baccalaureate social work education. Our teaching note addresses this gap in the curriculum by establishing a need for baccalaureate social work students to receive trauma-specific education early in their academic careers. Human Behavior in the Social Environment is proposed as a course in which this content can be easily incorporated. Recommendations for future directions are provided.

scholarly journals The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to a history of premature death of family members

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F Anda ◽  
Maxia Dong ◽  
David W Brown ◽  
Vincent J Felitti ◽  
Wayne H Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Depression Partially Mediates the Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Pain Intensity in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Results from a Cross-Sectional Patient Survey

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Piontek ◽  
Christian Apfelbacher ◽  
Gesche Ketels ◽  
Christian Brünahl ◽  
Bernd Löwe
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as emotional and physical maltreatment, are linked to chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) in adults. Psychological factors are important in understanding CPPS. We aimed to determine the nature and frequency of ACEs in male and female patients with CPPS and to investigate whether somatic symptoms and psychological comorbidities mediate the relationship of ACE severity with pain intensity. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Interdisciplinary outpatient clinic for CPPS in Hamburg, Germany. Subjects Individuals with CPPS (n = 234) who were 18 to 84 years of age. Methods Using a self-administered questionnaire, we assessed the history of ACEs (ACE Scale), pain intensity (McGill Pain Questionnaire), somatic symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire–15]), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire–9), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale). Parallel mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether the association of ACE severity with pain intensity is mediated by somatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety. Results Emotional abuse and neglect were reported more than twice as often as physical abuse and neglect (37.2% vs 17.1%). Depression partially mediated the association of ACE severity with pain intensity in the whole study population. In sex-stratified analyses, different patterns of associations were observed, but somatic symptoms predicted pain intensity in both sexes. Conclusions Emotional maltreatment was highly prevalent, supporting an increased consideration of psychological factors in CPPS and indicating the need to screen for ACEs in patients with CPPS. Findings further suggest that depression and somatic symptoms may be important targets for therapeutic interventions in patients with CPPS who have a history of childhood adversity.

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