scholarly journals O ensino de ciências para alunos com deficiência visual: identificando limites e possibilidades por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-343
Author(s):  
Halanda de Matos Mariano ◽  
Geraldo Wellington Rocha Fernandes ◽  
Raquel Schwenck de Mello Vianna Soares
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Instrument

Resumo: Este trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar as pesquisas em ensino de Ciências referentes aos alunos com deficiência visual. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, através de uma revisão sistemática de trabalhos publicados em eventos nacionais e periódicos da área de ensino de Ciências com Qualis Capes A1/A2. O instrumento de análise dos dados foi a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Os resultados foram divididos em duas partes. A primeira buscou caracterizar o levantamento bibliográfico dos trabalhos publicados em ensino de Ciências sobre alunos com deficiências visuais. A segunda parte caracteriza os limites e possibilidades sobre esta temática, através de quatro categorias emergentes: 1) Inclusão e o ensino de Ciências; 2) Formação de professores de Ciências e deficiência visual; 3) Construção, uso ou análise de materiais didáticos adaptados para alunos com deficiência visual no ensino de Ciências; e 4) Reflexões epistêmicas no ensino de Ciências para alunos com deficiência visual.Palavras-chave: Deficiência Visual; Baixa Visão; Ensino de Ciências; Educação Inclusiva. Science education for students with visual impairment: identifying limits and possibilities through a systematic literature reviewAbstract: This work aims to characterize research in science education related to students with visual impairment. This is a research with a qualitative approach, through a systematic review of works published in national events and journals in the field of science teaching with Qualis Capes A1/A2. The data analysis instrument was the Textual Discursive Analysis (TDA). The results were divided into two parts. The first sought to characterize the bibliographic survey of works published in science teaching about students with visual impairments. The second part characterizes the limits and possibilities on this theme, through four emerging categories: 1) Inclusion and the science teaching; 2) Training of science teachers and visual impairment; 3) Construction, use or analysis of didactic materials adapted for students with visual impairments in science teaching; and 4) Epistemic reflections on science teaching for visually impaired students.Keywords: Visual impairment; Low vision; Science education; Inclusive education. 

Effects of a Disability Simulation Activity on the Achievement, Efficacy, Attitudes, and Interests of Preservice Professionals

2021 ◽  
pp. 0145482X2110466
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hollo ◽  
Carla B. Brigandi ◽  
Casey M. Jelsema ◽  
Mingming Shi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Disability Simulation ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: Disability simulation activities are commonly used for various purposes in higher education; however, instructors may be unaware of controversies regarding their use. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of an activity using low vision goggles to simulate visual impairment in the context of an undergraduate course in special education. We highlight the need for instructors to consider the appropriateness of disability simulation activities given possible countertherapeutic effects. Methods: In this cluster-randomized trial, 11 classes (248 students) of preservice education and related services professionals were randomized to experimental (lecture + simulation) or control (lecture only) conditions. During a single class session, all students received basic information about visual impairment and watched a video on being a human guide. Students in the experimental group then practiced guiding and being guided while wearing low vision goggles. At the end of class, students completed three Likert-type surveys and later completed a quiz using publisher-developed materials. Results: Results showed individuals in the experimental group reported higher levels of interest and enjoyment than those in the control condition; however, there were no statistically significant differences in attitudes toward persons with visual impairments, confidence or self-efficacy for working with students with visual impairments, content knowledge, or perceptions of activity usefulness. Discussion: Findings of positive engagement in the absence of harmful effects indicate that disability simulation activities should be neither promoted nor denigrated wholesale; instead, instructors must weigh carefully potential benefits and drawbacks. Discussion includes considerations for professional education programs in using such simulations to promote skill acquisition via positive and respectful learning experiences. Implications for practitioners: Instructors who use disability simulation activities are encouraged to consider whether to discontinue this practice or incorporate principles recommended by the disability community and assess outcomes to ensure they are not perpetuating harmful stereotypes.

Luminance Contrast of Accessible Tactile Indicators for People With Visual Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Aldyfra Luhulima Lukman ◽  
Catherine Bridge ◽  
Stephen John Dain ◽  
Mei-Ying Boon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Safety Standard

Australia is one of only two known countries with a safety standard specifying levels of contrast required to provide accessible environments for people with visual impairment. However, these requirements were not developed based on empirical research involving people with vision loss. We investigated whether the level of luminance contrast in Australian accessibility standards, 30%, is adequate for people with visual impairments to detect and identify discrete tactile ground surface indicators over a range of contrasts with the background flooring before contact. We found that the 30% luminance contrast is adequate for people with low vision, although they preferred higher contrast.

scholarly journals Reformed Teaching and Learning in Science Education: A Comparative Study of Turkish and US Teachers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhan Ozfidan ◽  
Baki Cavlazoglu ◽  
Lynn Burlbaw ◽  
Hasan Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Science ◽  
Science Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
American Science ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Teachers Beliefs

Achievements of educational reform advantage constructivist understandings of teaching and learning, and therefore highlight a shift in beliefs of teachers and apply these perceptions to the real world. Science teachers’ beliefs have been crucial in understanding and reforming science education as beliefs of teachers regarding learning and teaching science impact their practice. The purpose of this study was to compare US and Turkish science teachers’ beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science. As an instrument, we used Beliefs about Reformed Science Teaching and Learning (BARSTL) to collect and measure the teachers’ beliefs regarding teaching and learning science education. We used an independent-sample t-test to analyze Turkish and American science teachers’ beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science. In total, 38 science teachers from the US and 27 science teachers from Turkey participated in this study. Results showed that US science teachers’ beliefs about reformed learning and teaching science are statistically higher than Turkish science teachers. The results of this study also indicated that although American and Turkish science education aim similar constructivist views on learning and teaching science, American science teachers hold more reformed beliefs in science teaching and learning than their Turkish colleagues.

scholarly journals In-service teacher education course module design focusing on usability of ICT applications in science education

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Lavonen ◽  
Heidi Krzwacki ◽  
Laura Koistinen ◽  
Manuela Welzel-Breuer ◽  
Roger Erb
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Science Teaching And Learning ◽  
Design Based Research ◽  
Module Design

Teachers face challenges in adopting ICT applications for science teaching and learning. An in-service teacher education course module addressing the needs of science teachers particularly was developed through a design-based research (DBR) project. The course module is designed to improve the readiness of teachers in choosing ICT applications for science education and taking the technical and pedagogical usability of the application into account. An international survey showed that clarifyingthe needs and constraints of using ICT applications in science education as well as introducing and discussing both technical and pedagogical usability with the teachers was important. Moreover, a theoretical analysis of the usability of ICT applications offers various views on meaningful learning and motivational aspects of science teaching and learning. In this paper, we report what we learned from the experience of designing the course module, which is described and discussed in terms of theoutcomes of both the theoretical and empirical problem analysis.

Intercountry Adoption of Children with Visual Impairments: An Exploratory Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Paula Wenner Conroy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
Children With Visual Impairments

Introduction Although there is much research related to the adoption of children with disabilities in general, there is none that focuses specifically on the experiences of parents who have adopted children with visual impairments (that is, who are blind or have low vision) from outside of the United States (also called “intercountry” or “international” adoption). Methods Fifteen parents of children who were adopted from outside the United States and had visual impairments were interviewed in this exploratory study. The participants all lived in the United States following the adoptions and volunteered to participate in this study in 2015. Research questions focusing on pre-adoption (why and who), challenges, and supports framed the open-ended interviews. The interviews were transcribed and themes emerged through the process of coding. Results Parents shared their personal experiences through interviews. All 15 parents had similarities in the process of adoption. Parents adopted in order to begin or enlarge their families, but did not necessarily go into the process desiring to adopt a child with a visual impairment. Challenges were experienced in the areas of medical, educational, and social-emotional needs. Parents agreed that supports were necessary before, during, and after the adoption process. Discussion The need for supports throughout the entire process of inter-country adoption of a child with a visual impairment was made clear through this study. Adoption agencies and agencies for visually impaired individuals are in a good position to set up support networks and mentorship programs. Implications for practitioners This study only scratches the surface of the topic of intercountry adoption of children with visual impairments. By sharing experiences, attention can be given to issues, and systems can be put into place to better support families in raising internationally adopted children with visual impairments.

Applying the Foundational Concepts from Early Intervention to Services Provided to Young Children with Visual Impairments: A Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindy S. Ely ◽  
Michaelene M. Ostrosky
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Family Centered

Introduction The foundational concepts of early intervention are: family-centered and relationship-based practices, natural environments, child learning, adult learning, and quality team practices (Pletcher & Younggren, 2013). In this literature review, the authors consider the application of these concepts to services provided to families of infants and toddlers with visual impairments (that is, those with blindness or low vision) by vision professionals. Methods Three databases (ERIC, ProQuest, and PsychINFO) were used to search for articles from 1997 to 2016, focusing specifically on infants and toddlers with visual impairments. Twenty-seven articles met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Results Family-centered practices are valued by virtually all researchers in the field of visual impairment. Practices that promote parent-child relationships are especially important, given the specialized needs for early communication and the development of strong social relationships. Concerning the natural environment, commentators from the field of visual impairment are critical of federal definitions of natural environments; however, a broader definition of natural environments is supported. Child and adult learning are viewed as important for the promotion of positive outcomes for children and families who receive early intervention services, as is practice that promotes the formation of quality teams. Discussion The foundational concepts of early intervention (Pletcher & Younggren, 2013) have applicability to professionals working with infants and toddlers with visual impairments and their families. Research supports these concepts as beneficial in achieving positive child and family outcomes. Implications for practitioners Pre-service and in-service training programs for visual impairment should include early intervention principles and concepts in a manner that prepares the workforce to address the unique needs of this population.

Transporting People with Visual Impairments: Knowledge of University Campus Public Transportation Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Danene K. Fast ◽  
Tiffany A. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Independent Travel

Introduction: To support independent travel skills and accessibility for people with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision), this research acknowledges bus driver perceptions of visual impairment and investigates how bus drivers interact with visually impaired travelers who ride public transportation. Methods: This study utilized the Social Responsibility about Blindness Scale and a researcher-created instrument to explore how bus drivers interact with visually impaired travelers. Results: Fifty-five drivers participated in this study, with 94.55% of these drivers reporting that they have had experiences interacting with visually impaired passengers. The top concern drivers reported was ensuring these passengers located the correct stop (26.56%). Using Likert-type scale ratings to assess driver knowledge and role in assisting passengers with vision loss, overall mean average of driver knowledge was 3.33 ( SD = 1.09, V = 1.23), indicating, as a whole, driver knowledge was in the range of “unsure/don’t know.” Discussion: Although many campus area bus drivers have experience interacting with passengers who are visually impaired, the attitude of drivers toward visual impairment is varied, and their knowledge of visual impairments is limited. Implications for practitioners: Based on results, drivers recognize that accommodations may be needed for passengers with vision loss, and they have an interest in learning how to assist passengers who are visually impaired who ride campus transportation. Based on this outcome, in-service training for drivers to address interactions and accommodations for passengers with vision loss may be warranted within public transportation operations.

scholarly journals The use of inquiry-based science teaching to promote students’ conceptual understanding of direct current electricity

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeem Edwards ◽  
Lesley Le Grange
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Science Teaching ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Teaching Experiment ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Philosophical Framework ◽  
Prospective Science Teachers

Research in science education evolved from the positivist paradigm in which scientific knowledge was considered to be immutable. This article investigates the use of inquiry-based science teaching as a pedagogical strategy to develop prospective science teachers’ conceptual understanding of direct current electricity. It is proposed that Vygotsky’s social constructivism and Dewey’s pragmatism have common elements that may serve as a philosophical framework for inquiry-based science teaching. An example of the transformative conjecture-driven teaching experiment as a design study in science education, is outlined. A retrospective analysis is provided to develop a learning environment that can contribute to better conceptual understanding of basic direct current electricity by prospective science teachers.

scholarly journals Cortical Visual Impairments and Learning Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Chokron ◽  
Klara Kovarski ◽  
Gordon N. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Medical Advances ◽  
Specific Learning

Medical advances in neonatology have improved the survival rate of premature infants, as well as children who are born under difficult neurological conditions. As a result, the prevalence of cerebral dysfunctions, whether minimal or more severe, is increasing in all industrialized countries and in some developing nations. Whereas in the past, ophthalmological diseases were considered principally responsible for severe visual impairment, today, all recent epidemiological studies show that the primary cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in children in industrialized countries is now neurological, with lesions acquired around the time of birth currently comprising the commonest contributor. The resulting cortical or cerebral visual impairments (CVIs) have long been ignored, or have been confused either with other ophthalmological disorders causing low vision, or with a range of learning disabilities. We present here the deleterious consequences that CVI can have upon learning and social interaction, and how these can be given behavioral labels without the underlying visual causes being considered. We discuss the need to train and inform clinicians in the identification and diagnosis of CVI, and how to distinguish the diagnosis of CVI from amongst other visual disorders, including the specific learning disorders. This is important because the range of approaches needed to enhance the development of children with CVI is specific to each child’s unique visual needs, making incorrect labeling or diagnosis potentially detrimental to affected children because these needs are not met.

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