scholarly journals Producing High Wettable Surface on Pure Titanium Sheets by Shot Peening for Bone Implant Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 5745-5752
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Microstructure Modification ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Peak Broadening ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

Pure titanium (Ti) sheets were subjected to shot peening to achieve grain refinement at the surface. Microstructural studies revealed significant grain refinement at the surface of the Ti sheet after shot peening. The affected thickness of the grain refined region was measured as 150 µm at the cross-section. Due to the fine grain structure, higher hardness was measured for the processed surface. X-ray diffraction studies of the processed sample showed peak broadening for processed Ti due to shot peening. Wettability studies conducted by contact angle measurements clearly showed increased hydrophilicity for the processed Ti as reflected in the lower contact angles. Increased surface energy was calculated for the shot-peened Ti, which can be attributed to the role of the increased fraction of grain boundaries due to microstructure modification. The results demonstrate the potential of the shot peening process to improve the surface wettability and further directly enhance the bioactivity of the Ti implant.

Bioactive Grain Refined Magnesium by Friction Stir Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ratna Sunil ◽  
T.S. Sampath Kumar ◽  
Chakkingal Uday
Keyword(s):  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Nugget Zone ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Angle Measurements

Magnesium and its alloys are promising candidates for temporary implant applications due to their combination of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradation. But higher degradation rate restricts their wider applications. Recently friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as a promising tool to attain near surface fine grain structure in materials. In the present work commercial purity magnesium was processed by FSP to obtain fine grain structure and the effect of the grain refinement on the bioactivity was investigated. The microstructural observations were carried out at different locations of the processed regions, from an original grain size of 1500μm, grain refinement was achieved to a level of 6.2μm at the nugget zone. Microhardness was measured across the processed regions and improvement was observed at the nugget zone. Contact angle measurements were carried out to estimate the wettability of the material and the measurements indicate increased wettability due to the increased surface energy induced by grain refinement. For studying the bioactivity the FSPed samples were immersed in simulated body fluids (SBF 5X) for different intervals of time. The phases formed on the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The phases on the samples after 72hr of immersion were confirmed as magnesium hydroxide, hydroxyapatite and magnesium phosphate by XRD. Controlled degradation due to formation of these phases was observed. FSPed samples have more deposition of Ca/P than non FSP samples which implies better control over the degradation. Hence grain refinement by FSP can be a simple technique to control the degradation of magnesium for temporary implant applications.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Performance Modifications of a Zeolite Membrane after an Alkaline Treatment: Contribution of Polar and Apolar Surface Tension Components

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Dutournié ◽  
Ali Said ◽  
T. Jean Daou ◽  
Jacques Bikaï ◽  
Lionel Limousy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Zeolite Membrane ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

Hydraulic permeability measurements are performed on low cut-off Na-mordenite (MOR-type zeolites) membranes after a mild alkaline treatment. A decrease of the hydraulic permeability is systematically observed. Contact angle measurements are carried out (with three polar liquids) on Na-mordenite films seeded onto alumina plates (flat membranes). A decrease of the contact angles is observed after the alkaline treatment for the three liquids. According to the theory of Lifshitz-van der Waals interactions in condensated state, surface modifications are investigated and a variation of the polar component of the material surface tension is observed. After the alkaline treatment, the electron-donor contribution (mainly due to the two remaining lone electron pairs of the oxygen atoms present in the zeolite extra frameworks) decreases and an increase of the electron-receptor contribution is observed and quantified. The contribution of the polar component to the surface tension is attributed to the presence of surface defaults, which increase the surface hydrophilicity. The estimated modifications of the surface interaction energy between the solvent (water) and the Na-mordenite active layer are in good agreement with the decrease of the hydraulic permeability observed after a mild alkaline treatment.

Empirical Formulae in Correlating Droplet Shape and Contact Angle

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ten It Wong ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Fuke Wang ◽  
Sau Leng Sin ◽  
Cheng Gen Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Shape Deformation ◽  
Direct Identification ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Droplet Shape ◽  
Spherical Dome ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

In contact angle measurements, direct identification of the contact angles from images taken from a goniometer suffers from errors caused by optical scatterings. Contact angles can be more accurately identified by the height and width of the droplet. Spherical dome is a simple model used to correlate the contact angles to the droplet shape; however, it features intrinsic errors caused by gravity-induced shape deformation. This paper demonstrates a simple method of obtaining an empirical formula, determined from experiments, to correct the gravity-induced error in the spherical dome model for contact angle calculations. A series of contact angles, heights, and surface contact widths are simultaneously collected for a large amount of samples, and the contact angles are also calculated using the spherical dome model. The experimental data are compared with those obtained from the spherical dome model to acquire an empirical formula for contact angles. Compared with the spherical dome model, the empirical formula can reduce the average errors of the contact angle from –16.3 % to 0.18 %. Furthermore, the same method can be used to correct the gravity errors in the spherical dome for the volume (calculated by height and width), height (calculated by contact angle and volume), and width (calculated by contact angle and volume), and the spherical dome errors can be reduced from –20.9 %, 24.6 %, and –4.8 % to 2 %, –0.13 %, and –0.6 %, respectively. Our method is generic and applicable for all kinds of solvent and substrates, and the derived empirical formulae can be directly used for water droplets on any substrate.

Measurements of the Contact Angles for Various Fluids Which Are Widely Used in the Oilfields to Improve Oil Recovery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elsharafi ◽  
K. Vidal ◽  
R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Dynamic Contact Angle ◽  
Dynamic Contact ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

Contact angle measurements are important to determine surface and interfacial tension between solids and fluids. A ‘water-wet’ condition on the rock face is necessary in order to extract oil. In this research, the objectives are to determine the wettability (water-wet or oil-wet), analyze how different brine concentrations will affect the wettability, and study the effect of the temperature on the dynamic contact angle measurements. This will be carried out by using the Cahn Dynamic Contact Angle. Analyzer DCA 315 to measure the contact angle between different fluids such as surfactant, alkaline, and mineral oil. This instrument is also used to measure the surface properties such as surface tension, contact angle, and interfacial tension of solid and liquid samples by using the Wilhelmy technique. The work used different surfactant and oil mixed with different alkaline concentrations. Varying alkaline concentrations from 20ml to 1ml were used, whilst keeping the surfactant concentration constant at 50ml.. It was observed that contact angle measurements and surface tension increase with increased alkaline concentrations. Therefore, we can deduce that they are directly proportional. We noticed that changing certain values on the software affected our results. It was found that after calculating the density and inputting it into the CAHN software, more accurate readings for the surface tension were obtained. We anticipate that the surfactant and alkaline can change the surface tension of the solid surface. In our research, surfactant is desirable as it maintains a high surface tension even when alkaline percentage is increased.

Degradation of Hydrophobic Surface Coatings Under Water Exposure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Trapuzzano ◽  
Rasim Guldiken ◽  
Andrés Tejada-Martínez ◽  
Nathan B. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Receding Contact

Many important processes depend on the wetting of liquids on surfaces. Wetting is commonly controlled through material selection, coatings, and/or surface texture, however these means are sensitive to environmental conditions. Some “hydrophobic” fluoropolymer coatings are sensitive to extended water exposure as evidenced by declining contact angles and increasing contact angle hysteresis. Understanding degradation of these coatings is critical to processes that employ them. To accomplish this, contact angle measurements were taken before, during, and after slides coated with FluoroSyl 3750 or Cytop were submerged in water, or vibrated while covered in water. Both methods demonstrated similar changes in advancing contact angle though vibration increased degradation rates significantly. However, it does not simply accelerate the process as different trends are apparent in receding contact angles. The FluoroSyl 3750 showed no clear degradation under either condition. Surface profilometry did not detect any surface morphology differences that might cause contact angle change.

Contact angles and hysteresis, with some reference to flotation research

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
IW Wark
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Russian School ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

A technique used in flotation research for contact angle measurements is recommended for wider use. The effect of one aspect of surface roughness on the relative motion of fluid/solid systems is discussed. The function of the water vapour present in the gas phase adjacent to the line of triple contact is examined. A claim of the Russian school of surface chemists is questioned, namely, that a discrete film of water on the solid surface invariably dominates both hysteresis and contact angle.

pH-Dependent Wettability of Carboxyphenyl Films Grafted to Glassy Carbon

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Packwood ◽  
Paula A. Brooksby ◽  
Andrew D. Abell ◽  
Alison J. Downard
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Packed Structure ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
External Stimuli

Surfaces than can switch their properties in response to external stimuli are of fundamental as well as technological interest. A prerequisite for successful switching in thin surface layers is sufficient free volume in the layer to allow molecular motions or reactions. Multilayer films grafted from aryldiazonium salts have a loosely packed structure and are good candidates for preparation of switchable surfaces. In this work, the pH-dependent wettability of carboxyphenyl films on glassy carbon surfaces is examined using water contact angle measurements. The film structure is manipulated by exposing freshly grafted films to solvents of different polarity; this influences the wettability differences observed between low- and high-pH measurements. The order of measurement of contact angles (from low pH to high, or vice versa) also influences the pH-dependent wettability. The results are consistent with film reorganization, including the formation of dimeric hydrogen-bonded structures, in response to the polarity and pH of the surrounding medium.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Polyethylene through Melt Compounding with Quaternary Ammonium Salts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda F. Rossetti ◽  
Konstantin Siegmann ◽  
Joachim Köser ◽  
Irene Wegner ◽  
Ismail Keskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

Selected mono- and bicationic quats were compounded with polyethylene. The physicochemical surface properties, leaching behavior, and antibacterial activity of such modified samples were investigated. Contact angle measurements and fluorescein binding assays showed the presence of quaternary ammonium groups at the surface. After storing the samples in 50°C warm water for 30 days, several were still antimicrobially active. No correlation between the number of exposed N+ head groups after leaching and the antibacterial activity was observed. There is however a qualitative correlation of the antibacterial activity with the contact angles and surface concentrations of N+ before leaching/storing in warm water.

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