scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among Bacteria causing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in An Intensive Care Unit of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ASM Areef Ahsan ◽  
Lovely Barai ◽  
Mohammad Omar Faruq ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Fatema Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Background : Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common type of nosocomial infection in critical care practice with high morbidity and mortality. Microorganisms responsible for VAP vary from place to place. So, identification of causative organism and knowledge of their resistance pattern is very important for empirical choice of antibiotic in managing VAP. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates to determine the microorganisms responsible for VAP and to study their antibiotic resistance pattern.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed over a period of six month starting from November, 2015 to April, 2016 in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of BIRDEM General Hospital. Patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of VAP were included in this study.Result: A total of 51 patients with a clinical diagnosis of VAP were included in this study. Growth was obtained in100% of the samples yielding 88 organisms. Gram-negative organisms were the mostly isolated organism (76.13%), followed by fungi (17.04%) and gram-positive cocci (6.81%). The most common pathogen was Acinetobacter sp. followed by Klebsiella sp., Candida sp. and Pseudomonas sp. respectively. Among the gram negative organisms, Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were highly resistant (>80%) to third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Resistance to aminoglycosides (>68%) and imipenem (>60%) was also high. Resistance of Pseudomonas sp. to piperacillin-tazobactum was lower (18.2%) in comparison to Acinetobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp. All the Gram-negative organisms were 100% sensitive to colistin except proteus. Regarding gram-positive cocci,Staphylococcus aureus is 100% sensitive to netilmycin and vancomycin with variable resistance pattern to other antibiotics.Conclusion: Emergence of drug resistance against the microorganism causing VAP is a serious concern in most of the ICUs. A knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility pattern will avoid its irrational use in order to control the spread of infection and for proper management of VAP.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 69-73

Nghiên cứu mức độ kháng kháng sinh của các vi khuẩn gram âm không lên men gây viêm phổi ở bệnh nhân thở máy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tram Anh Que
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fermentative Bacteria

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Viêm phổi liên quan thở máy là bệnh lý nhiễm khuẩn bệnh viện rất thường gặp trong đơn vị hồi sức tích cực. Có nhiều vi khuẩn gây viêm phổi liên quan thở máy, trong đó các vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men như Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonasaeruginosa,.. là những vi khuẩn gây bệnh hàng đầu và có mức độ kháng kháng sinh cao. Phương pháp: Một nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện ở các chủng vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men phân lập được từ các mẫu đờm của bệnh nhân thở máy trên 48 giờ điều trị tại các khoa Hồi sức tích cực - Ngoại khoa Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An năm từ 1/2020 đến 6/2021. Kết quả: Phân lập được 120 chủng Vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men, trong đó, Acinetobacter baumannii 85 chủng, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 31 chủng. Acinetobacter baumannii có mức độ đề kháng trên 70% với tất cả các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, trong đó kháng cao nhất với Ceftriaxone 96,9%. Pseudomonas aeriginosa kháng với tất cả các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, kháng cao nhất với Gentamycin 80,0%, kháng thấp nhất với Piperacillin/Tazobactam 32,3%. Kết luận: Vi khuẩn không lên men là những tác nhân chính gây viêm phổi liên quan thở máy, phổ biến nhất là Acinetobacter baumannii và Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Những vi khuẩn này kháng cao với các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, trong đó, A. baumannii kháng trên 70% các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, P. aeruginosa kháng tất cả kháng sinh thử nghiệm với mức độ khác nhau tử 32,3 - 80,0%. ABSTRACT ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF NON - FERMENTABLE GRAM - NEGATIVE BACTERIA CAUSING PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH MECHANICALLY VENTILATION Background: Ventilator - associated pneumonia is a very common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit. Many bacteria cause ventilator - associated pneumonia, in which non - fermentative Gram - negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc., are the leading pathogens and have high antibiotic resistance. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on non - fermentative bacteria strains causing ventilator - associated pneumonia which were isolated at the Surgical Intensive Care Unit Department of Nghe An General Friendship Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. Results: A total of 120 strains of non - fermenting Gram - negative bacteria were isolated. Of these, 85 strains were Acinetobacter baumannii, 31 strains was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acinetobacter baumannii has a resistance rate of more than 70% with all tested antibiotics, of which the highest resistance is to Ceftriaxone 96.9%. Pseudomonas aeriginosa was resistant to all tested antibiotics, with the highest resistance to Gentamycin80.0%, the lowest resistance to Piperacillin/Tazobactam 32.3%. Conclusion: Non - fermentative bacteria are the main pathogens of ventilator - associated pneumonia. The most common pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria were highly resistant to the tested antibiotics. In which, A. baumannii resisted over 70% of the tested antibiotics, and P. aeruginosa resisted all tested antibiotics with varying degrees from 32.3 to 80.0%. Keywords: Ventilation associated pneumonia, VAP, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile and their antibiotic resistance in an ICU of Bangladesh: Comparison of four studies from 2004 to 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
ASM Areef Ahsan ◽  
Lovely Barai ◽  
Fatema Ahmed ◽  
Jalaluddin Ashraful Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Antimicrobial resistance plays a vital role in determining the outcome of the critically ill patients with infections in intensive care unit (ICU).Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of isolated pathogens and their resistance pattern in an ICU of Bangladesh. The study also aimed to analyze and compare the trends of bacterial population and their resistance pattern in the same ICU between 2004 and 2011 in four different studies.Materials and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in a 10 bed adult ICU of a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh over a period of 10-month, from January 2011 to October 2011. Blood, respiratory secretions and urine from patients with clinically suspected infections were included in the study. Findings were compared with previous three studies done in 2004, 20006-07, and 2008-09 in same ICU.Results: In 2011, a total of 1408 samples were analyzed. Six hundred eighty-four micro-organisms were isolated from 597 samples. Maximum growth was obtained from respiratory secretions (71.7%). Organisms isolated were Acinetobacter sp. (46.4%), Pseudomonas sp. (21.4%), Candida sp. (11.5%), Klebsiella sp. (9.9%), Eschericia coli (4.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2.9%). Major gram negative organisms were highly resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins (>70%). All Acinetobacter sp. were extremely resistant (>85%) to all antibiotics except colistin. Resistance of isolated Pseudomonas sp. was >65% to ciprofloxacin, >70% to aminoglycosides, and >85% to imipenem. About 72% of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was methicillin resistant with variable resistant to other antibiotics. Comparing the findings of this study with previous three studies done in same ICU, it has been found that rate of isolation of Acinetobacter sp., was increased significantly (p<0.05) in this ICU population with decrease in rate of Pseudomonas sp., Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci sp., and Candida sp. Resistances pattern of two commonest gram negative organisms, eg Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp., to the available antibiotics showed gradual increase in resistance from 2004 to 2011.Conclusion: It is recommended that strict infection control policies and antibiotic stewardship program must be implemented to solve this emerging drug resistance problem which might cause high morbidity and mortality in ICU patients.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 79-85

scholarly journals Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Organisms Isolated from Endotracheal Tube Cultures of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoum Khoshfetrat ◽  
Aliakbar Keykha ◽  
Morteza Sedaghatkia ◽  
Reza Farahmandrad ◽  
Mohammad Behnampour
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

Background: It is widely accepted that increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance of pathogens grown in the respiratory system in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is a very serious problem causing expansion of mortality. The most important strategy to prevent the occurrence and appropriate solution to control the antibiotic resistance is to thoroughly investigate the pattern of resistance in the studied ward. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of organisms isolated from endotracheal tube secretions of patients admitted to ICU of Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital at Zahedan in Iran. Methods: In the present retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study, the medical records of patients hospitalized during 2013-2018 were included by census method and then selected based on inclusion criteria (n=1387). The required data, including age, gender, type of microorganism isolated from endotracheal tube cultures, antibiotic resistance and sensitivity, duration of intubation and cause of hospitalization, were recorded for each patient. Finally, the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS 16 software. Results: Mean age of patients was 44.66 ± 21.39 years and mean duration of intubation was 17.96 ± 10.99 days. Stroke was the most common cause of hospitalization with a prevalence of 553 patients (49%). The prevalence of positive culture of endotracheal tube secretions was 1128 (81.3%) of which 71.5% were male (n=807) and 28.5% were female (n=321). The cultures of endotracheal tube secretions resulted in 933 (82.7%) gram-negative bacteria, 191 (16.9%) grampositive bacteria and 4 (0.4%) mixed isolates. The most prevalent gram-negative bacterium was Acinetobacter baumannii (37.2%) with the highest and lowest antibiotic resistance to Meropenem (95.1% resistance) and colistin (99.5% sensitivity), respectively. In addition, the most prevalent gram-positive bacterium was Staphylococcus epidermidis (50.3%) with the highest and lowest antibiotic resistance to Meropenem (85.7% resistance) and Vancomycin (92.2% sensitivity). Conclusion: The findings of the present study illustrate that there was widespread bacterial resistance to respiratory tract infections in our ICU patients. Due to the high sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria to colistin, the use of antibiotic combination with colistin in the control of pulmonary infections caused by these organisms can be a good choice. In addition, in the case of gram-positive bacteria, the highest sensitivity was to vancomycin; therefore, it can be the selective antibiotic to control infections caused by these bacteria.

scholarly journals Etiology and resistance patterns of bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in a respiratory intensive care unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 954-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlada Injac ◽  
Uros Batranovic ◽  
Jovan Matijasevic ◽  
Marija Vukoja ◽  
Mirjana Hadnadjev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Background/Aim. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, causative pathogens, and resistance patterns are different among countries and intensive care units (ICUs). In Europe, resistant organisms have progressively increased in the last decade. However, there is a lack of data from Serbian ICUs. The aims of this study were to evaluate etiology and antimicrobial resistance for pathogens causing VAP in ICU patients, to examine whether there were differences among pathogens in early-onset and late-onset VAP and to identify mortality in patients with VAP after 30 and 60 days of hospitalization. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the respiratory ICU and all adult patients diagnosed with VAP from 2009 to 2014 were included. Results. Gram negative organisms were the major pathogens (80.3%). The most commonly isolated was Acinetobacter spp (59.8%). There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.9% vs 25.6%; p = 0.019). Extensively drugresistant strains (XDR) were the most common (78.7%). Lateonset VAP was developed in 81.1% of patients without differences among pathogens in comparison with early-onset VAP. Acinetobacter spp was susceptible to tigecycline and colistin with a significant increase in resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (30.2% vs 58.6%; p = 0.01). Resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 38% and 11%, respectively. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus no resistance was observed against vancomycin and linezolid. There was no difference in mortality rate between patients with earlyonset and late-onset VAP after 30 and 60 days of hospitalization. Conclusion. Gram negative organisms were the primary cause of bacterial VAP of which the most common was the XDR strain of Acinetobacter spp. Patients with early- and late-onset VAP had the same pathogens. There was no difference in mortality between this two group of patients during 60 days of hospitalization.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM INFANTS – PATIENTS OF NATIONAL HOSPITAL PEDIATRICS HANOI, VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
T.F. Stepanova ◽  
L.V. Kataeva ◽  
A.P. Rebeshchenko ◽  
Le Thanh Hai ◽  
Khu Thi Khanh Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Pure Block ◽  
Carbapenem Antibiotic

The results of studies of resistance to antibiotics microflora isolated from mucous pharynx and rectum of patients intensive care unit newborns of National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi are presented. It is shown that gram-negative bacteria isolated from children have a high resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenem. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from children receiving treatment in «pure» block did not differ from sustainability of the strains, selected from children in «dirty» block.

Gram-Negative Resistance in the Intensive Care Unit

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Gourang P. Patel ◽  
Christopher W. Crank
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Negative Resistance ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Gram-negative resistance is an increasingly important consideration when initiating empiric antimicrobial therapy in intensive care units. Infection with a resistant organism has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as increased hospital cost. Gram-negative resistance in intensive care units will likely continue to increase. Clinicians must aggressively manage infections in the intensive care unit while practicing the appropriate steps to minimize future resistance. This review article summarizes the epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms of resistance, and management of infections due to resistant gram-negative organisms.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and their Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Hospital in Wah

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Saba Mushtaq ◽  
Sohail Ashraf ◽  
Lubna Ghazal ◽  
Rida Zahid ◽  
Basharat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms and signs of infection during the first month of life. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of commonly isolated bacteria from patients of neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility patterns in POF hospital at Wah. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Neonatal intensive care unit and Microbiology laboratory from January 2018 to December 2019. The blood samples of patients suspected with neonatal sepsis were processed as per standard methodology. Results: Out of ninety blood samples, fifty-one (56.7%) yielded the growth of Gram-negative rods and thirty-nine (43.3%) yielded Gram-positive cocci. Among Gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogen isolated from 53.8% cases followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (54.90%) was the most frequently identified bacteria followed by Serratia marcescens (27.45%). The Gram-positive cocci were the most susceptible to linezolid (100%) followed by vancomycin (87.2%). The Gram-negative rods depict remarkable resistance to ciprofloxacin (92.2%), gentamicin (100%), and meropenem (54.9%). Conclusions: The study concluded a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria as a causative agent of neonatal sepsis in our setup. The bacterial isolates are highly resistant to commonly prescribed oral as well as injectable antibiotics. Implementation of infection control policies is a dire need to combat the grave situation of increasing antibiotic resistance.

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