Morphological and immunological characterization of anthrax vaccine in cattle

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis that normally affects animals, especially ruminants (such as cattle, goats, sheep, and horses) and humans. This study was planned to characterize the morphology of anthrax vaccine bacteria by using Grams stain, polychrome methylene blue stain, culture on nutrient agar and nutrient broth media and to determine the immunological status of this vaccine by indirect ELISA and slide agglutination test in cattle. Antibiotic sensitivity test of vaccine strain of bacteria was also done. This study provided evidence that vaccine strain of Bacillus anthracis was gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria appeared as single to short-chained bacilli with blunted ends. Serum from anthrax vaccinated cattle agglutinated anthrax antigen on Day 30 (+++ within 5 min and ++ within 7 min at 1:100 dilution of test sera) and Day 90 (+++ within 5 min at 1:100 dilution of test sera) of post immunization. Immunization of cattle with anthrax vaccine generated high level of anti-anthrax IgG antibody response at Day 30 (0.789}0.014) of post immunization and reached its peak at Day 90 (0.991}0.047). This study also provided evidence that anthrax vaccine bacteria were sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, amoxicillin and kenamycin. It may be recommended that the anthrax vaccine currently in use in Bangladesh is proved to be effective in term of morphology of Bacillus antharis and raising anti anthrax IgG antibody response in cattle with no side effect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.17732 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 43-49

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Serum IgG antibody response to the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis induced by anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) among U.S. military personnel

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.085 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 869-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Darrell E. Singer ◽

Rachel Schneerson ◽

Christian T. Bautista ◽

Mark V. Rubertone ◽

John B. Robbins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Bacillus Anthracis ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Protective Antigen ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Anthrax Vaccine ◽

Serum Igg

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Bovine abortion by a vaccine strain of Bacillus anthracis

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Daniele Mariath Bassuino ◽

Franciele Maboni Siqueira ◽

Guilherme Konradt ◽

Andréia Vielmo ◽

Verônica Machado Rolim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Anthracis ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Chromosomal Marker ◽

Commercial Vaccine ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Microbiological Examination ◽

Vaccinal Strain ◽

High Level ◽

Bovine Abortion ◽

Residual Virulence

ABSTRACT: This paper reports the abortion of a male Aberdeen Angus bovine by a vaccine strain of Bacillus anthracis, describing the pathological and microbiological findings and the genome sequence. Necropsy findings included multifocal areas of hemorrhage in different organs. Histologically, various organs showed hemorrhage, fibrin exudation, necrosis associated with countless bacillary bacterial clumps and severe neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate. In the microbiological examination, numerous rough, nonhemolytic, gray and dry colonies with irregular edges were isolated from liver, lung and abomasum content samples. Gram staining revealed square-ended Gram-positive rods arranged in chains. B. anthracis identification was confirmed by detection of the molecular chromosomal marker Ba813. The genomes from the isolated B. anthracis (named SPV842_15) and from the isolated vaccinal strain (Brazilian vaccinal strain), which was recovered from a commercial vaccine used in the pregnant cow, were sequenced. Genomic comparisons displayed a high level of nucleotide identity in the comparisons between B. anthracis SPV842_15 and the B. anthracis Brazilian vaccinal strain (98,2%). Furthermore, in both strains, only the plasmid pX01 sequence was detected. Although, vaccination against anthrax is characterized by an elevated protective profile and very low residual virulence, immunization with Sterne strains can cause abortion in cattle, presumably by the plasmid pX01 toxins in rare or special situations.

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Genome Sequence of the Soviet/Russian Bacillus anthracis Vaccine Strain 55-VNIIVViM

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.01401-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jason Farlow ◽

Adam Kotorashvili

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Bacillus Anthracis ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Anthrax Vaccine ◽

Phylogenetic Placement ◽

Global Population

Bacillus anthracis strain 55-VNIIVViM is a live-attenuated nonencapsulated Soviet/Russian veterinary anthrax vaccine strain. We report here the genome of 55-VNIIVViM and confirm its phylogenetic placement in the global population structure of B. anthracis .

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Occurrence of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2019.23.207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Mohamed El-Diasty ◽

Hager Talaat ◽

Samar Atwa ◽

Elzahraa Elbaz ◽

Mohamed Eissa

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

High Level ◽

Control Study

Objective: To study the prevalence of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Design: Case-control study. Animals: 415 lactating Holstein cows. Procedures: A total of 896 quarter milk samples were collected aseptically from 415 dairy cows for bacteriological examination (mastitic cows, n=50; healthy cows, n=174). Identification of different bacterial isolates followed by antibiotic sensitivity test for Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) was carried out, using disc-diffusion method against 13 different antibiotics. Results: 224 out of 415 cows (54%) were proven to be mastitic (12% clinical mastitis, 42 % subclinical mastitis). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the prevalent isolate (32%). CNS was recorded in 25.7 % of clinical cases and 34% of subclinical mastitis. The antibiogram of CNS isolates against 13 different antibiotics revealed high level of resistance to ampicillin (85%) and oxacillin (85%). However, they were less resistant to vancomycin (5%). The other antibiotics showed variable levels of resistance ranging from 40-75%. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the most common bacteria isolated from mastitic cases. Multi-drug resistance was observed among CNS with high resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, so the use of such B-lactam antibiotics should be restricted specially if there were suspected cases of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci.

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The F-34 Stern strain Anthrax vaccine induced higher level of anti-anthrax IgG antibody response and appeared protective in mice model

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.5455/jbau.95978 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Provat Saha ◽

Tahmina Ruba ◽

Umme Rima ◽

Mohammad Islam ◽

Golam Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Mice Model ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Anthrax Vaccine

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A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON ANTIBIOTIC USAGE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i6.1218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Joy ◽

Aparna Anand ◽

Arathy R Nath ◽

Meera S Nair ◽

Dr. K. G. Prasanth

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Actual Process ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Rational Use ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Antibiotics are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs today. Rational use of antibiotics is therefore extremely important as their injudicious use can adversely affect the patient. Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) is a system of ongoing systematic criteria based evaluation of drug that will help to ensure that medicines are used appropriately. It is drug/disease specific and can be structured so that it will assess the actual process of prescribing, dispensing, or administration of drug. The retrospective study was conducted At Pk Das Institute of Medical Sciences, Palakkad, Kerala for a duration of 6 months (February 2017 - January 2018). A source of data includes Patient case sheets &medication charts, nursing charts, culture & sensitivity reports. The inclusion criterion includes Patients aged between 18- 80 year, prescribed with oral and parenteral antibiotics. . On analyzing the gender, male gender (n= 111, 55.5%) were higher in numbers as compared to female counterparts (n=89, 44.5%). In our study the majority of the patients prescribed with antibiotics were with the clinical assessment of COPD (n=39, 19.5%), UTI (n=37, 18.5%) and LRTI (n=28, 14%), Bronchial asthma (n=19, 9.5%) respectively. On analyzing the data based on antibiotic sensitivity test, antibiotic test were performed and followed in (n=64,32%)prescriptions and in (n=47,23.5%)prescriptions were test is not followed respectively. In (n=89,44.5%) prescriptions, antibiotic sensitivity test is not performed. On analysis of antibiotics prescribed, the most commonly prescribed antibiotics were cephalosporins, of these ceftriaxone was highly prescribed of all (n=95). The high percentage of antibiotic prescriptions may indicate a high probability of irrational use. This study also point out irrational use of antibiotics are more leading to resistance, misuse and serious problems. So certain strategies should be put forward to strengthen rational use of antibiotics. Keywords: Antibiotics, Antibiotic Susceptibility Test, Irrational use, Resistance

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Pediatric Septic Arthritis of the Knee Due to a Multi-Sensitive Streptococcus pyogenes Strain Responsive to Clindamycin—A Case Report

Children ◽

10.3390/children8030189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Giada Maria Di Pietro ◽

Irene Maria Borzani ◽

Sebastiano Aleo ◽

Samantha Bosis ◽

Paola Marchisio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Septic Arthritis ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Antibiotic Regimen ◽

Hematogenous Spread ◽

Clinical Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Clinical Conditions

Septic arthritis is an inflammatory process usually generated by a bacterial infection. The knee is one of the most frequently involved joints. The etiology varies depending on age, and hematogenous spread remains the primary cause in children. Herein, we report a case of a previously healthy three-year-old female who was referred to our institution for acute swelling of her right knee. After a clinical and radiological diagnosis of septic arthritis, an empirical treatment with a combination of cefotaxime and clindamycin was initiated. The isolation of a multi-sensitive Streptococcus pyogenes strain from the joint’s effusion prompted the discontinuation of clindamycin and the usage of cefotaxime alone. One week later, an ultrasound was executed due to worsening in the patient’s clinical conditions, and an organized corpuscular intra-articular effusion with diffuse synovial thickening was revealed. Cefotaxime was therefore replaced with clindamycin, which improved the symptoms. Despite the antibiotic sensitivity test having revealed a microorganism with sensitivity to both cephalosporin and clindamycin, clinical resistance to cefotaxime was encountered and a shift in the antimicrobial treatment was necessary to ensure a full recovery. This case study confirms that an antibiotic regimen based solely on a susceptibility test may be ineffective for such cases.

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