scholarly journals A Postmortem Study of the Pyramidal lobe of the Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi People

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
M Khatun ◽  
S Kishwara ◽  
R Ahmed ◽  
J Naushaba
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Pyramidal Lobe ◽  
Group B

Background: The pyramidal lobe is also called the 3rd lobe of the thyroid gland which ascends toward the hyroid bone from the isthmus or the adjacent part of either lobe. A fibrous or fibromascular band the levetor glandulae thyroideae occasionally extends upwards from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone. Any pathology of thyroid gland involves this lobe, some pathology started from here or recurrence may occur from this lobe. Anatomical knowledge about pyramidal lobe is essential for surgeons, endocrinologists, pathologists and sonologists for proper diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive type of study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Study period was from July 2003 to June 2004. Materials: The study was done by examining 60 post mortem human thyroid glands, age ranging from 7 to 67 years. The glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in the morgue of Dhaka Medical College and Sir Salimullah Medical College under the department of Forensic Medicine. Methods: The collected sample were grouped in to three age groups including group A(0-20 years), group B (21-50 years) and group C (>50 years). The presence, variation of position of the pyramidal lobe and its relation with levator glandulae thyroideae were studied. Result: The pyramidal lobe was found in 16 of 60 thyroid glands in different age groups and situated more on the left side than the right. In 9 cases, levator glandulae thyroideae were found. All extended from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone. Key words: Pyramidal lobe; levator glandulae thyroideae; thyroid gland. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6270 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 120-123

scholarly journals Observation of Pyramidal Lobe and Levator Glandulae Thyroideae and Their Macroscopic Feature and Relation with Whole Thyroid Gland: A Postmortem Study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Fakhrul Amin Mohammad Hasanul Banna ◽  
Zakia Sultana ◽  
Mansur Khalil ◽  
Jahan Ara Begum ◽  
Manowara Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Pyramidal Lobe ◽  
Normal Standard

Back Ground: The thyroid is a brownish red, highly vascular earliest endocrine glandular structure appears in mammal. The size of thyroid gland varies considerably with age, sex, physiologic state, race and geographical location. It is larger and heavier in mature females than in males, and it hypertrophies during menstruation and pregnancy. Diseases of thyroid may need surgical intervention. During thyroid surgery, there is every possibility of occurrence of haemorrhage and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. So this study is to carry out the macroscopic and microscopic architecture of thyroid gland of different age and sex groups in Bangladeshi people to establish a normal standard. This study will also help in minimizing complications of thyroid surgery and tracheostomy.Study design: Mainly descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytic component.Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, from 1st July 2006 to 30th June 2007.Materials: The study was carried out on 54 autopsied human thyroid glands aged 5 to 65 years. Thyroid glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in morgue of Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet.Methods: The collected specimens were divided into age group A (10 years and below), group B (11 to 20 years), group C (21 to 30 years), group D (31 to 40 years), group E (41 to 50 years) and group F (51years and above). All specimens were examined morphologically by fine dissection method.Result: Pyramidal lobe and levator glandulae thyroideae were present in 37.04% and 59.26% cases respectively and were situated to the left side of midline in most of the cases. In most of the cases levator glandulae thyroideae had association with apex of pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone.Conclusion: From observation and results it reached conclusion that the present study will help to increase the information pool on the anatomy of thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people. To establish a normal standard for Bangladeshi people, further studies with large samples from different zones including goitre endemic zones of the country are suggested. Medicine Today 2010 Volume 22 Number 02 Page 83-87 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v22i2.12440

scholarly journals Incidence of Presence & Variation in Anatomical Position of Isthmus of Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi Cadaver

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Seheli Zannat Sultana ◽  
Mohsin Khalil ◽  
Manjurul Karim Khan ◽  
Laila Anjuman Banu ◽  
Zubaida Gulshan Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomical Position ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Adjacent Part ◽  
Group B ◽  
Normal Standard

Context: The thyroid gland is the first endocrine organ to evolve in the vertebrates. It has right and left lobes and connected by narrow median isthmus which lies over the second, third and fourth tracheal rings. A conical pyramidal lobe often ascends towards the hyoid bone from isthmus or the adjacent part of either lobe. It measures about 1.25 cm transversely and vertically. Its size and site vary greatly. Isthmus is topographically related with some important anatomical structures. So this study was carried out to determine the incidence of presence & variation in anatomical position of isthmus of thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people of different age groups to establish a normal standard. Study type: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College. from October’2004 to February’2005. Materials: The study was carried out on 60 cadavers of different age groups age ranging from 11 to 70 years. Thyroid glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in Forensic Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College. Methods: The collected specimens were divided into age group A (upto 18 years), group B (18 to 45 years), group C (above45 years). All specimens were examined morphologically by fine dissection method. Result: In the present study isthmus was present in 41 (68.33%) cases. In those thyroids which were devoid of isthmus, lobes were found to be merged with each other in the midline but in one case two lobes were found completely separated from each other. It was evident that the posterior relations of isthmus were widely variable. In only 18% cases it was found at its usual position- against the 2nd, 3rd and 4th tracheal rings. In the present study more frequent location of isthmus was found at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 2nd, 3rd, 4th tracheal rings. In both cases their incidences were 18.3%. Conclusion: The present study will help to increase the information pool on the anatomy of thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people. To establish a normal standard for Bangladeshi people, further studies with large samples from different zones of the country are suggested. Key Word- Isthmus; Human Thyroid gland; Incidence; Posterior relation; Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3329/bja.v9i1.8144 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2011, Vol. 9 No. 1 pp 26-29

scholarly journals A Postmortem Study on the Volume of the Human Thyroid Gland

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASM Nurunnabi ◽  
S Ara ◽  
MU Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluid Displacement ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

The present study was designed to find out the difference in volume of the thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex and to compare with previous local and foreign studies. It was a Cross-sectional descriptive type of study. The hospital based study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2008. The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 of male and 21 of female) collected from unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (10-20 years), group B (21-50 years) & group C (>50 years) and the volume of the thyroid glands were measured by fluid displacement method and recorded. No difference was found in mean volume of the thyroid gland between male and female. However, significant difference was found in between age groups. The volume of the gland was found to increase from early childhood and puberty up to 50 years of age and then decreased.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10444  Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 6-8

scholarly journals Morphological and Histological Study of The Pyramidal Lobe of The Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi People - A Postmortem Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Abu Alim ◽  
Sabiha Mahbub ◽  
Segupta Kishwara ◽  
Manowara Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pyramidal Lobe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland is an embryonic remnant of the caudal end of the thyroglossal tract. The pyramidal lobe is formed from normal thyroid tissue. A fibrous band, levator glandulae thyroideae, is found occasionally and extending upwards from the apex of the pyramidal lobe. As all thyroid diseases are found to be present in the pyramidal lobe, the study of the pyramidal lobe bears a great importance. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive type of study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2008. Materials: The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 male and 21 female) collected from unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Methods: The samples were divided into three age-groups including Group A (10 -20 years), Group B (21- 50 years) & Group C (>50 years) and the pyramidal lobes were studied both morphologically i.e. position, length, breadth, thickness, its association with levator glandulae thyroideae and histologically including presence of thyroid tissue, percentage proportion of parenchyma and stroma. Results: The pyramidal lobe was found in 25 cases out of 60 (41.67%) and situated more on the left side (56%). The mean±SD length of the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland was 10.83±0.75 mm in group A, 12.80±3.05 mm in group B and 11.00±1.41 mm in group C. The mean±SD breadth of the pyramidal lobe was 5.50±1.22 mm in group A, 7.60±2.06 mm in group B and 6.75±0.96 mm in group C. The mean±SD thickness of the pyramidal lobe was 3.00±0.00 mm in group A, 3.27±0.59 mm in group B and 3.00±0.96 mm in group C. The levator glandulae thyroideae was found in 12 cases out of 60 (20%) and extended from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone. The proportion of the parenchyma increases with advancing age upto 50 years. Key Words: morphology; histology; pyramidal lobe; thyroid gland DOI: 10.3329/bja.v7i2.6095 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2009, Vol. 7 No. 2 pp. 94-100

scholarly journals Thyroid Follicles and Parenchyma are Found to Increase with Advancing age during the first 50 years of life in Bangladeshi People

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Sabiha Mahbub ◽  
Sunjida Shahriah ◽  
Gul Newaz Begum ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The structural components of the thyroid gland are very much responsive to many types of stimuli and their adaptation is evident in histological studies. The thyroid follicles change their size and shape with the physiological alterations and pathological deviations. Objective: To observe the histological changes of the thyroid gland with advancing age in Bangladeshi people. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2008. The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 of male and 21 of female) collected from unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including Group A (10 - 20 years), Group B (21 - 50 years) & Group C (> 50 years) and the glands were studied histologically including number and average diameter of the thyroid follicles, percentage proportion of the parenchyma and stroma. Results and conclusion: All the histological values of the thyroid gland studied i.e. number and average diameter of the thyroid follicles and percentage of the parenchyma, are found to increase with advancing age during the first 50 years of life and later decrease. Key Words: Thyroid gland, Thyroid follicles, Parenchyma, Stroma DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i2.4179 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 Dec;4(2): 88-92  

scholarly journals Weight and Volume of Whole Thyroid Gland In Bangladeshi People: A Postmortem Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Fakhrul Amin Mohammad Hasanul Banna ◽  
Zakia Sultana ◽  
Mansur Khalil ◽  
Seheli Zannat Sultana ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glandular Structure ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Normal Standard

Context: The thyroid is a brownish red, highly vascular earliest endocrine glandular structure appears in mammal. The size of thyroid gland varies considerably with age, sex, physiologic state, race and geographical location. It is larger and heavier in females than in males, and it hypertrophies during menstruation and pregnancy. So this study is to carry out the macroscopic architecture of thyroid gland of different age groups in Bangladeshi people to establish a normal standard. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, from July 2006 to June 2007. Materials: The study was carried out on 43 autopsied human thyroid glands aged 5 to 65 years. Thyroid glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in morgue of Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet. Methods: The collected specimens were divided into age group A (20 years and below), group B (21 to 50 years) and group C (above 50 years). All specimens were examined morphologically by fine dissection method. Result: The mean weight and volume of the thyroid gland was 13.27 ± 5.82 gm and 11.62 ± 4.76 ml respectively which are significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: From observation and results it reached conclusion that evidenced by weight and volume, the size and glandular structure gradually increase with age up to adolescence, remain stable in young and middle aged adult then slowly decline in old age. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the anatomy of thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people. To establish a normal standard for Bangladeshi people, further studies with large samples from different zones including goitre endemic zones of the country are suggested. Keywords: weight, volume, thyroid gland, postmortem. DOI: 10.3329/bja.v8i2.7020Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2010, Vol. 8 No. 2 pp. 72-75

Histological Study of Human Thyroid Gland Relative Proportion of Parenchyma and Stroma in Thyroid Glands of Bangladeshi People

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Md Enayet Ullah ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Rubina Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath

Deep cervical fascia forms a connective tissue sheath around the thyroid gland. Delicate trabeculae and septa penetrate the gland indistinctly dividing the gland into lobes and lobules which in turn composed of follicles.1,2,3 These follicles are structural units of thyroid gland which varies greatly in size and shape.4 The number of follicles varies in different age groups. The study was carried out to see the percentage of area occupied by follicles in the stained section of thyroid glands in different age groups. The collected samples were grouped as A (3.5 – 20yrs), B (21- 40yrs) & C (41 – 78yrs). Percentage of area occupied by follicles was (58.55±10.72) in group A, (63.79±12.35) in group B + (63.39±8.29) in group C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13981 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 17-20

scholarly journals Weight of the Human Thyroid Gland – A Postmortem Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
ASM Nurunnabi ◽  
A Alim ◽  
M Sabiha ◽  
B Manowara ◽  
K Monira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Context: A cross-sectional study was designed to find out the difference in weight of the thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex and to compare with previous local and foreign studies. Materials & Methods: The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 of male and 21 of female) collected from unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including Group A (10-20 years), Group B (21-50 years) & Group C (>50 years) and the weight of the thyroid glands were measured and recorded. Results: The mean weight of the thyroid gland in male was 15.14 gm, 19.20 gm and 14.64 gm and in female was 16.02 gm, 19.03 gm and 14.67 gm in group A, B and C respectively. The mean weight of the thyroid gland was 15.48 gm in group A, 19.15 gm in group B and 14.65 gm in group C. There was no difference in mean weight of the thyroid gland between male and female. The difference in mean weight of the thyroid gland between group A & group B and group B & group C were found statistically significant. The weight of the gland was found to increase from early childhood and puberty up to 50 years of age and then decrease. Key words: Thyroid gland; Weight of thyroid gland. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i1.5230 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.1 Jan 2010 44-48

scholarly journals Macroscopic Study of the Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi People: A Postmortem Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Fakhrul Amin Mohammad Hasanul Banna ◽  
Zakia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Group A ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Group B

Background: The position and size of isthmus of thyroid gland varies considerably in human with age, sex, physiologic state, race and geographical location and sometimes the isthmus may be absent. So this study was designed to find out the macroscopic differences in isthmus of thyroid gland of different age and sex groups in Bangladeshi people.Objective: To record the macroscopic characteristics of isthmus of thyroid gland with advancing age in both sexes with a view to help establishing normal standard of Bangladeshi people.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 54 autopsied human thyroid glands aged 5 to 65 years. Thyroid glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in the morgue of Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet. The collected specimens were divided into groups –– A (20 years and below), B (21 to 50 years) and C (50 years and above). All specimens were examined morphologically by careful gross dissection method.Results: The isthmus was absent in 5.56% cases. In most of the cases (35.29%) it was against the 1st–4th tracheal rings. There was significant difference in length between Group A and Group C (p<0.05) and in breadth between Group A and Group C and between Group B and Group C (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in length, breadth and thickness of isthmus of the thyroid gland between males and females.Conclusion: The presence or absence, positional change and variation in gross dimension of isthmus of thyroid gland were evident in human. The macroscopic difference was found with increasing age but not with sex.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(1): 15-19

scholarly journals Morphometric study of the isthmus of the thyroid gland in Bangladeshi cadaver

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
S Mahbub ◽  
HA Perven ◽  
S Ara
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Tracheal Ring ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: The position and size of isthmus of thyroid vary greatly in humans, and sometimes it is absent. The present study was designed to find out the difference in isthmus of the thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex. Methods: The cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2008, on 73 post mortem human thyroid gland collected from unclaimed dead bodies. Isthmus was found in 60 cases. The samples having the isthmus (n=60) were divided into three age-groups including group A (10-20 years), group B (21-50 years) & group C (>50 years) and the isthmus was cut off from the thyroid gland, then its length, breadth and thickness were measured and recorded. Results: The isthmus of the thyroid gland was found in 82.2% cases. It extended from 2nd to 4th tracheal ring in 91.7% and from 2nd to 5th ring in 8.3% cases. No difference was found in length, breadth and thickness of the isthmus of the thyroid gland in between males and females. However, difference was found in breadth between group A & B (p<0.05) and A & C (p<0.01) and in thickness between group B & C (p<0.05). Conclusion: The presence or absence, positional change and variation in gross dimension of the thyroid isthmus were evident in humans. The morphological difference was found with increasing age but not with sex. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 81-84 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8940

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