scholarly journals In vitro regeneration and somatic embryogenesis in citrus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Sawy A Mohamed ◽  
Amina Gomaa ◽  
Nancy Danial
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mother Plants

Better results were obtained when stigma explants of variegated lemon and citron were used. After ten months, somatic embryos developed into plantlets at a frequency ranged from 13.3 for lime to 66.7% for lemon. Virus presence was tested by ELISA and RT?PCR. The results indicated that the plantlets regenerated through somatic embryogenesis are CTV?free. RAPD analysis was used to asses the genetic stability of plantlets as compared to the mother plants. The results indicated that most plantlets belong to the respective mother plants and the polymorphism percentage was genotype and explant?dependant.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 247-262, 2014 (December

scholarly journals Somaclonal Variation During Picea abies and P. omorika Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Hazubska-Przybył ◽  
Monika Dering
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Embryogenic Lines

AbstractEmbryogenic cultures of plants are exposed to various stress factors bothin vitroand during cryostorage. In order to safely include the plant material obtained by somatic embryogenesis in combination with cryopreservation for breeding programs, it is necessary to monitor its genetic stability. The aim of the present study was the assessment of somaclonal variation in plant material obtained from embryogenic cultures ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. andP. omorika(Pančić) Purk. maintainedin vitroor stored in liquid nitrogen by the pregrowth-dehydration method. The analysis of genetic conformity with using microsatellite markers was performed on cotyledonary somatic embryos (CSE), germinating somatic embryos (GSE) and somatic seedlings (SS), obtained from tissues maintainedin vitroor from recovered embryogenic tissues (ETc) and CSE obtained after cryopreservation. The analysis revealed changes in the DNA of somatic embryogenesis-derived plant material of bothPiceaspp. They were found in plant material from 8 out of 10 tested embryogenic lines ofP. abiesand in 10 out of 19 embryogenic lines ofP. omorikaafterin vitroculture. Changes were also detected in plant material obtained after cryopreservation. Somaclonal variation was observed in ETc and CSE ofP. omorikaand at ETv stage ofP. abies. However, most of the changes were induced at the stage of somatic embryogenesis initiation. These results confirm the need for monitoring the genetic stability of plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis and after cryopreservation for both spruce species.

scholarly journals Rescue of a non-viable accession and rapd analysis of recovered plants of Arachis retusa

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Fatima Gagliardi ◽  
Georgia Pereira Pacheco ◽  
Carlos Alberto Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Alves Carneiro ◽  
José Francisco Montenegro Valls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Germplasm Preservation ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Embryo Axes ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Regeneration Processes

In vitro regeneration of Arachis retusa was examined for the purpose of germplasm renewal and conservation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting was used to evaluate the genetic stability of plants derived from embryo axes and apical segments. Ten arbitrary decamer primers were screened and five of them were selected. Ninety genomic regions were evaluated, with an average of 18 loci per clone. All amplified segments were monomorphic. The results indicate that recovered plants are genetically stable at the assessed genomic regions and that both regeneration processes are suitable for in vitro germplasm preservation of Arachis species.

scholarly journals THIDIAZURON: A POTENT GROWTH REGULATOR FOR INDUCING HIGH-FREQUENCY ORGANOGENESIS AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 693a-693
Author(s):  
K.A. Malik ◽  
Christena Visser ◽  
praveen K. saxena
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Endogenous Phytohormones ◽  
Potent Growth

In vitro regeneration by shoot organogenesis and-or somatic embryogenesis is accomplished by culturing the explants on a nutrient medium supplemented with phytohormones. Auxins in general, and 2,4-D in particular, have been shown to induce somatic embryogenesis whereas shoot regeneration is stimulated by cytokinins. In studying the morphoregulatory role of thidiazuron (TDZ) - a substituted urea with cytokinin-like activity - we found that it induces a high frequency of both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis depending upon the plant species. For instance, whole seedlings of peanut developed somatic embryos and those of bean and pea produced shoots in response to culture on TDZ (1-40 μM)-supplemented media. In cultured explants of geranium, the use of TDZ (0.2-1 μM) effectively replaced the requirement of 2,4-D or BAP and IAA for obtaining somatic embryos. The frequency of regeneration was two to ten times higher than that achieved with auxin-cytokinin combinations. While no direct evidence is currently available to establish a relationship between TDZ and endogenous phytohormones, our results suggest that it may act by establishing endogenously the auxin:cytokinin ratio permissive of induction and expression of morphogenically competent cells.

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) via Somatic Embryogenesis and Induction of Meristemoids in Abnormal Embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribha Saraswat ◽  
Mithilesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Full Utilization

An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol is reported for common buckwheat. A combination of 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/l BAP with sucrose showed highest induction of somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. More than 35% of normal somatic embryos matured on MS. MS with 2% sucrose were found best for germination and conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. In tissue culture, abnormal somatic embryos usually occur. In this report, abnormal embryos are also used to induce shoot organogenesis, adding to the number of final regenerants and ensuring full utilization of regenerative propagules. A treatment of 0.2 mg/l BAP induced meristemoids in 60% of underdeveloped embryos and a combination of 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l AgNO3 led browning and senescence-free progression of shoot buds to well developed shoots, which were subsequently rooted in half strength MS containing 2% sucrose and 0.25 mg/l IBA. The regenerated plants survived acclimatization, flowered and set seeds. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 29(1): 33-47, 2019 (June)

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Commercial Soybean Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Raza ◽  
Mohan B. Singh ◽  
Prem L. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Immature Cotyledons ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

The efficient regeneration of plants from commercial genotypes is a pre-requisite for successful genetic transformation, to apply modern crop improvement techniques such as CRISPR-based genome editing. Plant regeneration through the somatic embryogenesis pathway offers an advantage over the organogenesis approach, avoiding the risk of developing chimeras. Plant genotype, explant type, and media compositions play an essential role in the in-vitro regeneration of plants. This study aimed to characterize the commercially grown Australian soybean genotypes for their potential to induce somatic embryos, embryo proliferation, maturation, germination, and plant regeneration. Overall, nine soybean cultivars belonging to different maturity groups were evaluated. Immature cotyledon ranging from 2–4 and 4–6 mm in size were used as explants for somatic embryogenesis induction. Maximum somatic embryo induction frequency (86%) was observed from 4–6 mm immature cotyledons of the cv. Jack (MG III), followed by 66%, 26%, 21%, and 6% in cultivars Williams (MG III), Snowy (MG III), MoonB1 (MG V), and PNR791 (MG V), respectively. On the other hand, cv. Snowy showed maximum somatic-embryo-inducing potential (67%) in 2–4 mm immature cotyledons followed by Williams, Jack, MoonB1, and PNR791. Somatic embryos from Jack, Williams, and Snowy cultivars were further tested for embryo proliferation, maturation, and germination. Maximum proliferation and maturation were observed in cv. Jack, followed by Snowy and Williams. However, cv. Snowy showed a significantly higher conversion of cotyledonary stage embryos to plantlets (85%), than both Jack and Williams cultivars (53% each). In conclusion, this study outlined a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from three soybean cultivars. Our findings suggest commercial cv. Snowy could be a good candidate for developing transgenic plants through somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Muscadine Grape

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 876G-877
Author(s):  
Xia Xu ◽  
Jiang Lu ◽  
O. Lamikanra
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Foreign Gene ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

Low frequency of in vitro regeneration has hampered the adoption of genetic engineering technique for improving the quality of muscadine grape. This study is to develop a straightforward method for high-frequency regeneration of muscadine grapes in vitro. Leaves, petioles, and immature ovules of muscadine grapes were cultured on various media. Embryogenic callus, somatic embryos were formed after 9 weeks inoculated on embryo rescue (ER) medium. The somatic embryos were isolated and subcultured on fresh medium to promote enlargement and increase the number of uniformly sized somatic embryos. Of the medium tested (MS, NN, and ER), the ER medium was the best for somatic embryo growth and multiplication. The somatic embryogenic lines were maintained by transferring the embryos to the fresh ER medium every 4 weeks. Germination was achieved by transferring these embryos to woody plant medium or NN medium. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis of embryo germination appeared to be genotype dependent. The establishment of the somatic embryogenesis system in this study should be a step forward in directly transferring a foreign gene into muscadine grape.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document