Influence of spinosad on the reproductive potential of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) infesting wheat

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Umme Habiba ◽  
Wahedul Islam ◽  
Selina Parween
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Spinodad of different concentrations were screened against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) reared on four local wheat varieties to observed the effects on reproductive potentials for two successive generations.The lowest number of eggs laid was 119 (23.80±0.97) observed in Shatabdi- 21 (S-21) in 45 d in F1 and 15 (3.00±0.71) in 15 d in F2 generation when treated at 0.12ìl/g of spinosad. Spinosad at all concentration totally inhibited egg laying oroviposition rate on day 45 in all wheat varieties except P-24 variety in F1 generation.The lowest fertility was found in Shatabdi-21 variety as 12.61percent in F1 and 6.67 percent in F2 generation at 0.12ìl/g.The latent effect of spinosad on number of eggs, larva, pupa and adult obtained in Shatabdi-21 as 2.00±0.32,0.80±0.37, 0.40±0.40 and 0.20±0.20 at 0.12ìl/g of spinosad in F2 generation.There was no significant difference between the number of males and females in F2 generation wheat varieties. Spinosad ultimately reduced the fecundity, fertility and decreased the egg to adult survivability in four wheat varieties compared to control and F1 and F2 generations. Results of the research revealed that comparatively higher concentrations of spinosad that used in this study would potentially control development and reproductive potentiality of T. castaneum in wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Cyathostominae distribution in experimentally infected ponies

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Scháňková ◽  
M. Maršálek ◽  
P. Wagnerová ◽  
I. Langrová ◽  
L. Starostová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entire Population ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Small Strongyle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Summary Nine ponies were experimentally infected with third stage cyathostome larvae. These animals were examined post-mortem for small strongyle infections from October 2011 to January 2012. Seventeen species of the following Cyathostominae genera were identified: Coronocyclus, Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Gyalocephalus and Petrovinema. Of the 17 species of Cyathostominae recovered, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum alveatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were the most prevalent (100 %). From the entire population of Cyathostominae, 65.6 % were located in the caecum and only 34.4 % in the colon. Only 1,736 (24,6 %) females and 5,329 (75,4 %) males were observed. There was a significant difference between the number of males and females in the genus Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus and Gyalocephalus.

MATING BEHAVIOUR AND MALE MATE CHOICE IN TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE)

Behaviour ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Haubruge ◽  
Ludovic Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Mate Choice ◽  
Female Status ◽  
Male Mate

Mate choice by males has received less attention than female choice, despite the recognition that males can incur non-trivial reproductive costs through mating. In this study we investigate male mate choice in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. We determine whether male beetles have evolved sensitivity that enables them to discriminate between females and we then examine how males discriminate between females that present different reproductive potentials. Recently-emerged adult females are immature, and we investigate when egg-laying maturity develops, and whether male mating attempts with immature females provide reproductive pay-offs. We show that males are the sex most likely to initiate mating attempts (more than 85% of male-female contacts are male-initiated). Therefore, we test male mating initiations when presented with choices between: (i) immature and mature virgin females; (ii) mature virgin females and previously mated mature females; and (iii) mature females previously mated either with different male or with the test males. Last male sperm precedence exists in T. castaneum and females are polyandrous. Matings with immature females are therefore likely to generate lower fertilization successes than matings with mature females. Furthermore, males are likely to achieve higher total fertilization success when they mate if they precede a rival male's sperm than if they precede their own sperm. Accordingly, we find that: (i) males copulate more frequently with mature, than with immature females; (ii) males do differentiate between virgin and mated females; and (iii) males prefer females that have been inseminated by a different male to those previously inseminated by the test males themselves. The results demonstrate that male T. castaneum recognise female status, display mate choice, and prefer to inseminate females which provide greater reproductive potential.

scholarly journals Effect of female weight on reproductive potential of the predator Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret, 1852) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaias Oliveira ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
José Eduardo Serrão ◽  
Teresinha Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Tobias Baruc Moreira Pinon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Female Weight ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The objective of this work was to determine the fecundity of the predator Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) females of two weight classes aiming to define, which one presented higher productivity in the laboratory. Males and females of B. tabidus were reared from nymphs fed with Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae in laboratory. Females of B. tabidus weighting 95 to 150 mg and those with 160 to 220 mg constituted two treatments. Oviposition period and numbers of egg masses, eggs and nymphs per female of B. tabidus were higher in the treatment with heavier females, while the periods of preoviposition, between egg mass laying, egg incubation and number of eggs per egg mass, besides the percentage of nymphs hatched and adult longevity were similar between treatments. Heavier females of B. tabidus presented better productivity and for this reason they should be used in programs of mass rearing this predator.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN JENIS KELAMIN DAN DIMORFISME SEKSUAL PADA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy) SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP STRATEGI SELEKSINYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sularto Sularto ◽  
Rita Febrianti ◽  
Suharyanto Suharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) pada ukuran dewasa memiliki bentuk morfometrik yang khas khususnya pada ikan jantan, sehingga dapat dibedakan antara ikan jantan dan betina. Ikan gurami jantan memiliki dahi menonjol dan bibir tebal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rasio kelamin dan perbedaan performa pertumbuhan antara jantan dan betina. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah empat populasi ikan gurami yang berbeda yaitu: Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi, Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan (BPPI), Sukamandi pada bulan Juni 2014 sampai dengan bulan Juli 2015. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan gurami keturunan galur murni berasal dari Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi (strain Batanghari), Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Perawatan telur, pemeliharaan benih, dan pembesaran menggunakan prosedur operasional standar BPPI tentang pemeliharaan ikan gurami. Pemeliharaan ikan gurami dilakukan selama 14 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan jenis kelaminnya jumlah ikan gurami betina (67,3%-80,7%) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan jumlah jantannya (19,3%-32,7%). Setelah mencapai ukuran > 300 g terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan antara ikan jantan dan betina (P<0,05) yakni jantan tumbuh lebih cepat dibandingkan betina pada semua populasi yakni berkisar antara 4,74%-5,67% untuk karakter panjang standar, dan 14,10%-16,52% untuk karakter bobot. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan gurami memiliki dimorfisme pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, ketika dilakukan seleksi berdasarkan pertumbuhan 10% terbaik didapatkan ikan jantan 55%-80% lebih banyak dibandingkan ikan betina (20%-45%).Adult size of giant gouramy (Osphronemus goramy, Lac.) has a distinctive shape of morphometric particularly in male fish, making it easy to distinguish between male and female fishes. Giant gouramy males have a prominent forehead and thick lips. This study aimed to determine sex ratios and differences in growth performance between males and females. This study used 4 progenies of giant gouramy seed from four different populations, namely: Kalimantan, Jambi, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya, aged 14 months. Eggs incubations,seed maintenance and grow-out were conducted using Standard Operational Procedures of Research Institute for Fish Breeding (RIFB) about the rearing of giant gouramy. Seed rearing were carried out for 14 months. The results showed that, based upon the sex ratio, the number of female was more than the number of males, contituting females 67.3%–80.7% and males from 19.3% to 32.7% of populations. After reaching the size of > 300 g there were a significant difference in growth between males and females (P <0.05), in which males grew faster than females in all populations between 4.74%–5.67% for the standard length and 14.10%–16.52% for the weight characters. IThis result indicated that giant gouramy have growth dimorphism.Therefore, when the selection conducted based on the best growth of top 10%, it was found that the number of male composing 55%–80% was higher than the number of female which only accounted for 20%–45%.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the reproductive potential of Mallada boninensis Okamoto (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a predator of red spider mite infesting tea: An evaluation of artificial diets

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duraikkannu Vasanthakumar ◽  
Amsalingam Roobakkumar ◽  
Jasin Rahman ◽  
Pandian Kumar ◽  
Chandran Sundaravadivelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Significant Difference

Green lacewing Mallada boninensis is an important predator of various soft-bodied arthropods, including red spider mites in tea. Efforts were made to develop mass rearing technology for this predator in a cost effective manner. Three combinations of artificial diets (Protinex (AD1), egg yolk (AD2) and royal jelly (AD3) based) were evaluated in comparison with standard diet (Protinex + Honey). All the tested diets influenced the egg-laying capacity of M. boninensis. The egg yolk-based diet resulted in more egg production than the other two diets. Survival of all life stages of M. boninensis was also observed on each diet and no significant difference was noticed. Results revealed that the egg yolk-based diet is the best of the three diet combinations tested in view of high fecundity and survival rate of M. boninensis.

Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana: Pathogenicity, Horizontal Transmission, and Their Effects on Reproductive Potential of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mohamed Mkiga ◽  
Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed ◽  
Hannalene du Plessis ◽  
Fathiya Mbarak Khamis ◽  
Komivi Senyo Akutse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Virulent

Abstract The polyphagous moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) is among the major constraints to the horticultural industry in East Africa. In a search of sustainable control methods, the pathogenicity of the dry conidia of 17 Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) and five Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) (Vuill.) isolates were tested against T. leucotreta moths. The conidial uptake by a single moth, horizontal transmission, and effect of fungal inoculant on egg-laying and hatchability for the pest were also assessed. The findings from this study showed that tested fungi were virulent to the moths, with 12 isolates causing mortality that ranged between 58.8 and 94.2% for M. anisopliae and three isolates between 57.6 and 84.6% for B. bassiana. The entomopathogenic fungi isolates, M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 and B. bassiana ICIPE 279 were highly virulent with low lethal times to 50% mortality (LT50) of 3.81 and 5.13 d, respectively. The isolate, ICIPE 69 conidia acquisition by a single moth were approximately 4.58 × 106 and 3.51 × 106 for males and females, respectively. The lowest survival rate (3.33 %) caused by inoculum transmission was recorded in donor males compared to 16.67% in recipient males. Fecundity was reduced by 33.6 and 25.9% for donor and recipient females, respectively. The pest can acquire conidia from the treated substrate and transmission is then possible between adults. ICIPE 69 is virulent and reduces the reproduction potential of the pest after transmission. The findings are discussed in the prospects of microbial control of this pest using an autodissemination technique.

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF FOOD CONSUMPTION AND GROWTH OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Mukerji ◽  
E. J. LeRoux
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Podisus Maculiventris ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Accelerate Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diet Level

AbstractNymphs and adults of Podisus maculiventris (Say), reared on four sizes (diet levels) of live larvae of Galleria mellonella (L.), captured prey, consumed food, and grew at rates varying with the size of larvae supplied. For nymphs, a direct linear relationship was obtained between rate of food consumption and daily growth and rate of food consumption and daily development. For adults, male and female, age did not affect food intake significantly, but for females alone, food intake differed significantly at different diet levels. A significant difference was also obtained for both sexes between body weight and diet level. Males and females lived longest on diet 1, apparently because of reduced metabolic activity.The number of eggs laid by each female corresponded to its food consumption for the first 35 days but decreased thereafter with age. The mean dry weights for fertile and infertile eggs at different diet levels did not differ significantly irrespective of the amount of food consumed by egg-laying females.For each nymph in each of instars 2 to 5 and for adults, the consumption quotient, an index of metabolic activity, increased as the rate of food consumption increased. For nymphs, the quotient decreased during ontogeny at each diet level, and for adults, decreased with age at diet levels 2, 3, and 4. The quotient remained constant for adults of both sexes at diet level 1.Results show that nymphs and adults of P. maculiventris can survive and mature satisfactorily for extended periods on small prey but needs larger prey to accelerate development, increase growth, and maintain a high reproductive potential.

scholarly journals Fumigation Activity against Phosphine-Resistant Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Using Carbonyl Sulfide

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Han Kyung Lee ◽  
Geunho Jeong ◽  
Hyun Kyung Kim ◽  
Bong-Su Kim ◽  
Jeong-Oh Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Carbonyl Sulfide ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Phosphine Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fumigation Chamber ◽  
Stored Grain Pests ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Phosphine resistance is occurring among stored-grain pests worldwide. This study investigated the fumigation activity of phosphine (PH3) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) against domestic strain (d-strain) Tribolium castaneum, resistance strain (r-strain) T. castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. All developmental stages of the pests were exposed to two fumigants (PH3 and COS), and the fumigation activity according to the dose and exposure time was evaluated in a 12-L desiccator and 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber. The rice sorption rate and quality following exposure to thetwofumigants were evaluated. The mortality was 2.9% in r-strain T. castaneum, 49.5% in d-strain T. castaneum and 99.2% in O. surinamensis when 2 mg/L PH3 was used in a 12-L desiccator for 4 h. However, all pest developmental stages showed 100% mortality after 24 h of exposure in the 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber, except for the r-strain T. castaneum. A mortalityof 100% was observed in all of the r-strain T. castaneum developmental stages at an exposure time of 192 h. For COS applied at 40.23 mg/L and 50 g/m3 in the 12-L desiccator and the 0.5 m3 fumigation chamber, respectively, 100% mortality was observed across all developmental stages regardless of species and strain. The sorption of COS was 10% higher than that of PH3, but there was no significant difference in rice quality compared to that in the control. Therefore, this study suggests that COS can be used for controlling T. castaneum resistant to PH3.

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