scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN JENIS KELAMIN DAN DIMORFISME SEKSUAL PADA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy) SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP STRATEGI SELEKSINYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sularto Sularto ◽  
Rita Febrianti ◽  
Suharyanto Suharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) pada ukuran dewasa memiliki bentuk morfometrik yang khas khususnya pada ikan jantan, sehingga dapat dibedakan antara ikan jantan dan betina. Ikan gurami jantan memiliki dahi menonjol dan bibir tebal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rasio kelamin dan perbedaan performa pertumbuhan antara jantan dan betina. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah empat populasi ikan gurami yang berbeda yaitu: Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi, Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pemuliaan Ikan (BPPI), Sukamandi pada bulan Juni 2014 sampai dengan bulan Juli 2015. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan gurami keturunan galur murni berasal dari Kalimantan Selatan, Jambi (strain Batanghari), Majalengka, dan Tasikmalaya. Perawatan telur, pemeliharaan benih, dan pembesaran menggunakan prosedur operasional standar BPPI tentang pemeliharaan ikan gurami. Pemeliharaan ikan gurami dilakukan selama 14 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan jenis kelaminnya jumlah ikan gurami betina (67,3%-80,7%) lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan jumlah jantannya (19,3%-32,7%). Setelah mencapai ukuran > 300 g terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan antara ikan jantan dan betina (P<0,05) yakni jantan tumbuh lebih cepat dibandingkan betina pada semua populasi yakni berkisar antara 4,74%-5,67% untuk karakter panjang standar, dan 14,10%-16,52% untuk karakter bobot. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ikan gurami memiliki dimorfisme pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, ketika dilakukan seleksi berdasarkan pertumbuhan 10% terbaik didapatkan ikan jantan 55%-80% lebih banyak dibandingkan ikan betina (20%-45%).Adult size of giant gouramy (Osphronemus goramy, Lac.) has a distinctive shape of morphometric particularly in male fish, making it easy to distinguish between male and female fishes. Giant gouramy males have a prominent forehead and thick lips. This study aimed to determine sex ratios and differences in growth performance between males and females. This study used 4 progenies of giant gouramy seed from four different populations, namely: Kalimantan, Jambi, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya, aged 14 months. Eggs incubations,seed maintenance and grow-out were conducted using Standard Operational Procedures of Research Institute for Fish Breeding (RIFB) about the rearing of giant gouramy. Seed rearing were carried out for 14 months. The results showed that, based upon the sex ratio, the number of female was more than the number of males, contituting females 67.3%–80.7% and males from 19.3% to 32.7% of populations. After reaching the size of > 300 g there were a significant difference in growth between males and females (P <0.05), in which males grew faster than females in all populations between 4.74%–5.67% for the standard length and 14.10%–16.52% for the weight characters. IThis result indicated that giant gouramy have growth dimorphism.Therefore, when the selection conducted based on the best growth of top 10%, it was found that the number of male composing 55%–80% was higher than the number of female which only accounted for 20%–45%.

Reproductive characteristics of the sand sole Pegusa lascaris (Soleidae), from the eastern-central Atlantic

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Pajuelo ◽  
José M. Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
Size At First Maturity

The reproductive biology of 1318 sand sole, Pegusa lascaris, was investigated. This species is a gonochoristic species with no evidence of sexual dimorphism. The overall sex-ratio was 1 male to 0.92 females. Females predominate in the larger size intervals, with a significant difference in mean standard length and range between sexes. Size at first maturity for males and females is attained at 17.2 and 17.7 cm standard length, respectively. Vitellogenesis does not begin synchronously for all females, as a consequence the spawning season appears to be continuous. In each female spawning takes place in two batches which are spawned mainly in spring and autumn, indicating that fish are serial synchronous spawners.

scholarly journals Inter-Limb Jump Asymmetries and Their Association with Sport-Specific Performance in Young Male and Female Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7324
Author(s):  
Max I. Phukan ◽  
Rohit K. Thapa ◽  
Gopal Kumar ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Level Of Agreement

This study aimed to examine inter-limb jump asymmetries and their association with sport-specific performance in young swimmers. Thirty-eight (male, n = 19; female, n = 19) regional/national level young swimmers (age: 12.3 ± 1.2 years; height: 159.6 ± 8.2 cm; body mass: 52.5 ± 9.2 kg) participated in this study. Inter-limb asymmetries were assessed for single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) and single-leg standing long jump (SLSLJ). Sport-specific performance was evaluated using front crawl (i.e., 50 m and 25 m) and front crawl kick (i.e., 50 m and 25 m). The kappa coefficient revealed a “slight” level of agreement (Κ = 0.156, 0.184, and 0.197 for female, male, and all, respectively) between the direction of asymmetry for SLCMJ and SLSLJ, indicating that asymmetries rarely favored the same limb during both tests. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.025) between asymmetry scores obtained in SLCMJ and SLSLJ. No significant difference was found in asymmetry scores between males and females (p = 0.099 to 0.977). Additionally, no association between asymmetry scores and sport-specific performance was observed (p > 0.05). Our findings highlight the independent nature of inter-limb asymmetries derived from SLCMJ and SLSLJ among young male and female swimmers. Further, our results suggest no association between jumping asymmetries and sport-specific performance.

Age-Dependent Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Using Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Jahanbin ◽  
Shirin Dokht Shirazi ◽  
Elaheh Kamyabnezhad ◽  
Neda Eslami ◽  
Seyed Hosein Hoseini Zarch
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ossification Process ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: The spheno‐occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is an important growth center which plays an important role in cranial base development and can define the final relation of SOS with the upper and lower jaws. The morphology and fusion degree of SOS varies in different ages among different populations. Objectives: Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the age and sex dependence of ossification of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the Iranian population using CBCT. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 517 CBCT images of 6- to 18-year-old patients in Mashhad, Iran. Patients with obvious pathology or fractures were excluded from the study. The SOS ossification was classified into four stages from 0 to 3. Two independent observers scored the images. The ossification stage of the SOS was classified according to the age and sex of the patients. Kruskal-Wallis and Kendall’s tau-b used for statistical analysis. Results: In this study, 517 samples of 260 females (50.3%) and 257 males (49.7%) with a mean age of 12.03 ± 3.74 years were examined. A significant difference did not exist between males and females regarding their stage of SOS ossification, although males were younger at the SOS transitional stages of 0 to 1, and 1 to 2 compared to females. Also, the SOS starts the ossification process at the age of 11 in females and 10.8 in males. Conclusions: The present study showed in the mean age of 16.81 ± 1.12 years, most subjects were in developmental stage 3. Due to the fact that in developmental stage 3 SOS closes, there were no passive maxillary growth after this time. In none of the SOS stages, females and males differed significantly in mean age (P > 0.05). The age of the onset of SOS closure in females was 11 years and in males it was about 10.8 years.

Distribution and abundance of Hemolivia mauritanica (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) and its vector Hyalomma aegyptium in tortoises of Iran

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Javanbakht ◽  
Pavel Široký ◽  
Peter Mikulíček ◽  
Mozafar Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Iranian Plateau ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
Vector Tick ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractDistribution pattern, prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia of heteroxenous apicomplexan blood parasite Hemolivia mauritanica and its vector tick Hyalomma aegyptium have been studied in 264 tortoises (212 Testudo graeca and 52 T. horsfieldii) throughout the Iranian territory. In T. graeca the highest prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia for H. mauritanica were recorded in the temperate mid and northern parts of the Iranian plateau, while the lowest values were found in the arid central part of Iran. No Hemolivia-positive samples were found in T. horsfieldii. Hyalomma aegyptium ticks were diagnosed in both tortoise species. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium were recorded in western part of Iran, where climatic conditions are not so arid compared to central and eastern parts. No significant differences were found in intensity of parasitaemia of H. mauritanica between males and females. Similarly, no differences in intensity of parasitaemia were detected between different age groups (adults; more than 10 years, young; 5-10 years and juveniles; less that 5 years). Prevalence of H. mauritanica and H. aegyptium in adults was higher than in young and in juveniles. While intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium was significantly higher in adult tortoises compare to juveniles, no significant difference were found between intensity of H. aegyptium infestation in male and female tortoises.

scholarly journals Asphyxiated Female and Male Newborn Piglets Have Similar Outcomes With Different Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Yeon Kim ◽  
Gyu-Hong Shim ◽  
Megan O'Reilly ◽  
Po-Yin Cheung ◽  
Tze-Fun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Sustained Inflation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Male newborns have a greater risk of poor cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes compared to females. The mechanisms associated with the “male disadvantage” remains unclear. We have previously shown no difference between male and female newborn piglets during hypoxia, asphyxia, resuscitation, and post-resuscitation recovery. However, it is unknown if there are differences in resuscitation outcomes between males and females during different cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques.Intervention and Measurements: Secondary analysis of 184 term newborn mixed breed duroc piglets (1–3 days of age, weighing 2.0 (0.2) kg) from seven different studies, which were exposed to 30–50 min of normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia until asystole. This was followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. For the analysis, piglets were divided into male and female groups, as well as resuscitation technique groups (sustained inflation, 3:1 compression-to-ventilation ratio, or asynchronous ventilations during chest compressions). Cardiac function, carotid blood flow, and cerebral oxygenation were continuously recorded throughout the experiment.Main results: Regardless of resuscitation technique, there was no significant difference between males and females in the number achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) [95/123 (77%) vs. 48/61 (79%)], the time to achieve ROSC [112 (80–185) s vs. 110 (77–186) s], and the 4-h survival rate [81/95 (85%) vs. 40/48 (83%)]. Levels of the injury markers interleukin (IL)−1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in frontoparietal cortex tissue homogenates were similar between males and females.Conclusions: Regardless of resuscitation technique, there was no significant effect of sex on resuscitation outcome, survival, and hemodynamic recovery in asphyxiated newborn piglets.

Beberapa Aspek Reproduksi Siput Lambis lambis di Pesisir Perairan Yenusi, Biak

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andriani Widyastuti ◽  
Ludi Parwadani Aji
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Time Of Harvest

<strong>Some Aspects of Reproduction in Conch Lambis lambis of Yenusi Coastal Waters, Biak.</strong> Lambis lambis is a very popular conch species that has been harvested in all sizes encountered. This condition is very alarming because in the long term, its existence in nature will be reduced because there is no chance to reproduce naturally. This study aims to determine the sex ratio and gonad maturity levels of L. lambis in Yenusi waters, so the appropriate time of harvest can be arranged. Samples were collected every month from January to December 2013. Testing and histological analysis were performed in the laboratory. Samples collected were 99 individus with the number of males 45 individus and females 54 individus. The sex ratio of males and females was 1.0:1.2. Gonad maturity level found included all four stages of gonadal development, from TKG I to TKG IV. Gonadal development showed the process of formation and maturation, and the spawning occured throughout the year, with peak spawning in January until March 2013. The size of the shell length obtained ranged from 4.55 to 13.72 cm indicating over-exploitation. Due to the custom local where residents harvested the conches in all sizes found, sustainable management strategies are urgently needed, including moratorium period  when L. lambis is at the peak of spawning, and harvest should only be performed on adult individuals with a minimum shell size of 7 cm, while observing the thickness of the shell and marginal digitations have been formed. <br /><br />

Risk-Taking Patterns of Male and Female Entrepreneurs in Roodepoort

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Garg ◽  
A. Duvenhage
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Performance Perceptions

This study analyses the risk-taking propensity of male and female entrepreneurs. Primary data were collected from a sample of 400 randomly selected from among the small and medium scale entrepreneurs in Roodepoort and two structured questionnaires were used. The results showed the existence of differences among male and female entrepreneurs’ risk-taking perceptions. However, no significant differences in the mean scores between males and females in the financial and social domains of risk taking perception were found. The results further indicate that there is a significant difference in the means of the entrepreneurs with regard to their overall risk-taking perception in the ethical domain of risk-taking perception, health and safety risk-taking perception, recreational risk-taking perception as well as their business performance perceptions. The study also suggests that there is no correlation between business performance and risk-taking in entrepreneurs. The study highlights that there is no evidence to suggest that risk-taking in different genders plays a role as an indicator in business performance.

Routine Infanticide by Married Couples? An Assessment of Baptismal Records from Seventeenth Century Parma

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Italian City ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract This study uses baptismal records from the Italian city of Parma from 1609 to 1637 to chart the sex ratio of male and female infants at baptism. This article measures the Parman sex ratio against the natural sex ratio at birth for live-born infants, as determined by Praven Visaria, and offers preliminary findings that indicate that married couples used infanticide as a means of controlling family size and sex in seventeenth-century Parma. The 28 years studied encompass both relatively strong economic and agricultural years as well as a variety of crises. By selecting a period with both good and bad economic years it is possible to see if parents behaved differently as their household conditions varied. Further, dividing the approximately 30,000 baptisms by rural and urban jurisdictions and familial socio-economic status makes visible parental recourse to infanticide through unnatural ratios of males and females within different segments of society.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental colors and long-term sex isolation on zebrafish shoaling behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Christian Lenzi ◽  
Chiara Grasso ◽  
Mircea Nicoara ◽  
Alexandra Savuca ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shoaling Behavior ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Complex Social Behavior ◽  
Selection Of

Zebrafish has a complex social behavior and little is known about the role of sexual preference and their environmental social interactions. In this study we investigated the potential influence of environmental colors and shoaling preferences of zebrafish male and female populations, with a focus on visual communication. Males and females were kept for 7 days in gender-isolated tanks, with a specific habitat color for each group: green for males and red for females. After the pre-test period, all the animals were kept separated and 8 noninvasive behavioral tests were conducted in a T-maze, with the application of different visual stimuli. We did not observe any clear influence of environmental coloring on social zebrafish choices. Significant sex-related differences were found in shoaling partner preference (i.e. same sex vs. other sex, one fish vs. three fish) as follows: females showed a tendency to avoid other females and spent more time with males. Male fish did not display a preference between one or three fish stimuli and they shoaled more with another male and less with a potential sexual partner. There was an obvious difference between males and females in responses and selection of shoaling partners.

scholarly journals Investigating the interaction between inter-locus and intra-locus sexual conflict using hemiclonal analysis in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manas Geeta Arun ◽  
Tejinder Singh Chechi ◽  
Rakesh Meena ◽  
Shradha Dattaraya Bhosle ◽  
Srishti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Divergence in the evolutionary interests of males and females leads to sexual conflict. Traditionally, sexual conflict has been classified into two types: inter-locus sexual conflict (IeSC) and intra-locus sexual conflict (IaSC). IeSC is modeled as a conflict over outcomes of intersexual reproductive interactions mediated by loci that are sex-limited in their effects. IaSC is thought to be a product of selection acting in opposite directions in males and females on traits with a common underlying genetic basis. While in their canonical formalisms IaSC and IeSC are mutually exclusive, there is growing support for the idea that the two may interact. Empirical evidence for such interactions, however, is limited. Here, we investigated the interaction between IeSC and IaSC in Drosophila melanogaster. Using hemiclonal analysis, we sampled 39 hemigenomes from a laboratory-adapted population of D. melanogaster. We measured the contribution of each hemigenome to adult male and female fitness at three different intensities of IeSC, obtained by varying the operational sex-ratio. Subsequently, we estimated the intensity of IaSC at each sex-ratio by calculating the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness and the proportion of sexually antagonistic fitness-variation. Our results indicate a statistically non-significant trend suggesting that increasing the strength of IeSC ameliorates IaSC in the population.

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