scholarly journals Convergence in wing coloration between orange underwing moths (Archiearis spp.) and tortoiseshell butterflies (Aglais spp.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Rydell ◽  
Joakim Fagerström ◽  
Staffan Andersson ◽  
Gabriela Stille ◽  
Magnus Gelang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Bright Orange ◽  
Predator Defence ◽  
Wing Coloration

We analysed the wing coloration of the orange underwing moth Archiearis parthenias (Geometridae, Archiearinae) in comparison with the small tortoiseshell butterfly Aglais urticae (Nymphalidae). Both species fly in early spring and occur sympatrically in the northern Palaearctic. Aglais, the more common species, has a longer flight period and uses a broader range of habitats. Both species show a camouflaged colour pattern on surfaces exposed at rest but a bright orange signal in flight. Although the evolution of its coloration is constrained by its geometrid morphology, Archiearis is functionally similar to Aglais both while resting and in flight. Archiearis has presumably evolved from nocturnal geometrid ancestors. Its shift to diurnality has included a change in the predator defence system from one based on ultrasonic hearing, functional against bats, to one presumably functional against birds. Preliminary palatability tests showed that Aglais is distasteful to birds (chicken), while Archiearis seems to be palatable. The function of the convergent coloration is unknown, but several possibilities are discussed.

Ecology of Small Mammals in Coastal Heathland at Anglesea, Victoria

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Wilson ◽  
AR Bourne ◽  
RE Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
The Difference

Aspects of ecology and reproduction of small mammals in a heathland community near Anglesea were investigated in the field by means of mark-recapture trapping. Population size, animal movements and reproductive state were estimated. The floristic and structural habitat preferences were also determined. The most common species were Antechinus stuartii, A. minimus maritimus, Sminthopsis leucopus, Rattus fuscipes assimilis and R. lutreolus. For Antechinus the populations were maximal throughout February-June (A. stuartii) and December-June (A. minimus) inclusive. A marked decline in numbers of Antechinus during late winter and early spring was associated with the total loss of males from the population. The maximal numbers of animals (per hectare) were 21 (A. stuartii), 14 (A. m. maritimus), 14 (R. f. assimilis) 7 (R. lutreolus), and 8 (S. leucopus). Young were born to A. m. maritimus during August, and 1 month later to A. stuartii. R. f. assimilis bred during late winter and spring, and S. leucopus from September to November. None of the species showed an overall preference for any floristic or structural vegetation type. This study confirms male 'die-off' in A. m. maritimus. The data also indicate that the difference in breeding times of A. m. maritimus between Anglesea and Dartmoor, Vic., is due to climatic or habitat differences rather than to sympatry with A. stuartii.

Cycles vitaux de quelques Plécoptères des Laurentides (insectes)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Harper ◽  
Etienne Magnin
Keyword(s):  
Larval Growth ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paragnetina Media

Twenty-four species of stoneflies (Plecoptera) were collected in the streams of the Station de Biologie de l'Université de Montréal, at Saint-Hippolyte in Terrebonne county (46°00′ N, 74°00′ W). Sampling of larvae and adults at regular intervals showed the distribution of the species in the stream and the seasonal succession of the adults. The Capniidae and the Taeniopterygidae appear in early spring; the remaining species emerge in May and June. The emergence of a single species Leuctra tenuis extends into July and August. No true autumnal species was found. Larval growth of the more common species is described; these are Taeniopteryx burksi, Paracapnia opis, Isoperla frisoni, Isoperla lata, Hastaperla brevis, and Paragnetina media. Biological notes concerning the other species are included.

The predator defence system of an African king cricket (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae): does it help to stink?

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Wolf ◽  
Helene Brettschneider ◽  
Philip W. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Defence System ◽  
Predator Defence

A new species of Hoplodactylus (Reptilia: Pygopodidae) from the Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 792 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TONY R. JEWELL ◽  
RICHARD A.B. LESCHEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Alpine Zone ◽  
Bright Orange ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Single Locality

A gecko from alpine scree in the Takitimu Mountains, South Island, New Zealand, is described as Hoplodactylus cryptozoicus n. sp. Hoplodactylus cryptozoicus is characterized by an orange mouth lining, a short tail, minute body scales, and a distinctive colour pattern which includes bright orange patches. It may be closely related to H. nebulosus (McCann) based on the sharing of grey pigment on the tongue. Hoplodactylus cryptozoicus is known from only a single locality and is one of the few species of Hoplodactylus in New Zealand that inhabits rocks in the alpine zone.

Melangyna lucifera n.sp. from southern Norway (Diptera: Syrphidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Southern Norway

AbstractMelangyna lucifera n.sp. is described and figured in both sexes and characters separating them from simitar species are given. It has its flight period in early spring and closely resembles M. lasiophthalma (Zetterstedt, 1843).

scholarly journals February/March moth flights in Manawatu have important implications for porina management

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 327-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Ferguson ◽  
M.A. Gee-Taylor ◽  
N.K. Richards
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Large Size

Porina (Wiseana spp) a complex of seven species three with two haplotypes are intractable pests on many New Zealand farms Regional differences in species composition and timing of caterpillar development impact on porina control At Glencorran Station Manawatu porina moth flights were monitored using a light trap from 2012/13 to 2015/16 The most common species trapped was W copularis W signata was also regularly collected Both species flew from October to March but the main flight period occurred in late February/ early March and consisted almost entirely of northern haplotype W copularis The time of peak flight means the most cost effective control strategy application of diflubenzuron against young caterpillars should be undertaken in June several months later than traditionally considered for most porina prone areas Furthermore caterpillars from the late flights will attain large size in July/August which may coincide with low porina feeding deterrent and toxin production by the AR37 ryegrass endophyte Consequently when caterpillars are most voracious protection of ryegrass plants by the endophyte is at a low ebb and may help explain why some AR37 ryegrass pastures especially in colder areas are damaged by porina

scholarly journals Chroesthes (Acanthaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, including a new species from Kelantan and a new record from Terengganu

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Siti-Munirah Mat Yunoh
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Bright Orange ◽  
The Common ◽  
Small Genus ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Inflorescence Type

Chroesthes is a small genus that includes three species from Peninsular Malaysia: Chroesthes faizaltahiriana Siti-Munirah sp. nov., C. lanceolata (T. Anderson) B.Hansen and C. longifolia (Wight) B.Hansen. Chroesthes faizaltahiriana, recently discovered in the State of Kelantan, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to the common species C. longifolia, but is distinguished mainly by its inflorescence type, calyx shape and its flowers being bright orange instead of dark purple internally. Chroesthes lanceolata is a new record for Peninsular Malaysia and has only been collected once. Following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, these three species are assessed (national scale assessment) as Critically Endangered (C. faizaltahiriana and C. lanceolata) and Least Concern (C. longifolia).

scholarly journals Revision of the Species Composition of Slime Molds in the Ile Alatau (Kazakhstan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Rakhimova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Picea Schrenkiana ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Systematic List

After the revision, it was found that the biota of slime molds in the Ile Alatau (Kazakhstan) has 62 species. The article provides a systematic list of slime molds. In the Ile Alatau these fungi-like organisms are represented by two classes: Protosteliomycetes and Myxomycetes. The Myxomycetes class is more widely represented and has 4 orders. The largest number of species is characteristic of the genera Trichia (8 species), Physarum (6), Arcyria, Diderma (5 species each) and Badhamia (4 species). The most common species in the research area are Lycogala epidendrum, Fuligo septica, Hemitrichia clavata, Trichia varia, Stemonitis axifera, S. fusca, S. splendens and Stemonitopsis typhina. Representatives of slime molds were found on various 18 substrates. The largest number of slime molds species (54) was recorded on Picea schrenkiana. There are 13 species on Populus tremula and 4 species on Betula tianschanica. The remaining substrates are characterized by 1-2 species. It is necessary to note the species of the genus Diderma that appear in early spring after snowfall: Diderma niveum, found on Artemisia juncea and representatives of Poaceae, and D. radiatum on dry grasses, leaves and branches of shrubs.

scholarly journals An Examination of Reproductive Phenology with Implications for Understanding Climate Change Effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Jill Sherwood ◽  
Diane Debinski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Males And Females

Climate change has impacted ecological systems in a variety of ways, leading to advancement in spring events, shifts in species distributions, and changes in phenology (the timing of life history events) for many plants and animals. Earlier spring temperatures have been correlated with earlier emergence of a number of butterfly species in Europe. It is possible that changes in the spring could also influence the timing of events throughout the season. The Clodius Parnassian (Parnassius clodius) butterfly has one flight per year that averages 3 weeks in length. The males emerge first, followed shortly by the females. Reproductive success of these butterflies depends on the timing of emergence and mating events. A disturbance in the timing of emergence between males and females could cause an incomplete temporal overlap between the sexes, leading to reproductive asynchrony. Reproductive asynchrony occurs when males and females within a population do not overlap completely in time, and it can significantly affect population dynamics of species with narrowly defined breeding periods, such as univoltine butterflies. Our research examined how climate change may influence flight time and mating success in Parnassius clodius butterflies. A mark-recapture study to assess timing of emergence and mating success was performed in Grand Teton National Park. Six plots were surveyed daily for Parnassius clodius butterflies using mark recapture techniques during the annual flight period from late June until mid-July 2009. Each captured butterfly was marked with a permanent marker on both of its hindwings prior to release. The sex and wing condition of each butterfly was determined and recorded at time of capture. A total of 838 butterflies were marked during the 2009 flight period, with a recapture rate of 26%. Preliminary examination of the data reveals the expected pattern of male emergence prior to female emergence. The emergence times appear consistent with other survey years. We also observed a small number of unmated females at the end of the season. Further data analysis needs to be performed before any additional conclusions can be made. This study provides a baseline understanding of climatic and phenological trends in an effort to understand how gender-specific emergence times and mating status of a common species of butterfly (Parnassius clodius) may be affected by climatic changes.

The predator defence system of an African king cricket (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae): does it help to stink?

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Wolf ◽  
Helene Brettschneider ◽  
Philip W. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Defence System ◽  
Predator Defence
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