COHORT STUDIES IN MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Human Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
K. K. Kholmatova ◽  
О. A. Kharkova ◽  
A. M. Grjibovski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Studies

Reducing Your Risk of Alzheimer’s Dementia: Building a Better Brain as We Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1257-1265
Author(s):  
David A Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia ◽  
Medical Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dementia Onset

Abstract Alzheimer’ dementia is a large and growing public health problem. Of utmost importance for limiting the impact of the disease on society is the prevention of dementia, that is, delay onset either by years whereby death ensues prior to dementia onset. The Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project are two harmonized cohort studies of aging and dementia that include organ donation at death. Ongoing since 1994 and 1997, respectively, we published on the association of numerous experiential, psychological, and medical risk factors for dementia, many of which are potentially modifiable. Here, selected findings are reviewed based on a presentation at the 2020 National Academy of Neuropsychology given virtually in Chicago in October of 2020.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the reporting quality of observational studies in master of public health dissertations in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyang Dai ◽  
Xiaobin Zhou ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Beibei Li ◽  
Jingao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Master Of Public Health ◽  
Strobe Statement

Abstract Backgrounds Master of public health (MPH) plays an important role in Chinese medical education, and the dissertations is an important part of MPH education. In MPH dissertations, most are observational studies. Compared with randomized controlled trial (RCT), observational studies are more prone to information bias. So, the reporting of the observational studies should be transparent and standard. But, no research on evaluating the reporting quality of the MPH dissertation has been found. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in the Wanfang database from January 1, 2014 to May 31, 2019. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observation Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was adopted to evaluate the reporting quality of the selected studies. Articles that met the following criteria were selected: (1) observational studies, including cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies; (2) original articles; (3) studies on humans, including both adults and children. Results The Median of compliance to individual STROBE items was 74.79%. The mean (standard deviation) of STROBE score was 14.29 (1.84). Five items/sub-items were 100% reported (“reported” and “partly reported” were combined): background, objectives, study design, report numbers of individuals at each stage, and key result. Fifteen items/sub-items were reported by 75% or more. Reporting of methods and results was often omitted: missing data (6.67%), sensitivity analyses (3.63%), flow diagram (15.15%), and absolute risk (0%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that cohort studies (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.27–9.16), funding support (OR = 4.37, 95% CI = 1.27–9.16) and more published papers during postgraduate period (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.40–8.60) were related to high reporting quality. Conclusion In short, the reporting quality of observational studies in MPH’s dissertations in China is suboptimal. However, it’s necessary to improve the reporting of method and results sections. We recommend that authors should be stricter to adhere STROBE statement when conducting observational studies.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and public health: an overview of recent research on common diseases and mortality in adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Scragg
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing interest in vitamin D and its possible health effects. The aims of the present overview are to summarise the research on common diseases for which there is substantial evidence on vitamin D, identify diseases where vitamin D may be beneficial and discuss the public health implications of these findings.DesignLiterature search of PubMed for the years 2000 to 2010 to identify cohort studies with baseline measures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and randomised controlled trials (RCT) of vitamin D supplementation in relation to fractures, colorectal cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality. Risk ratios of disease from comparisons between 25(OH)D quantiles in these studies were summarised using RevMan software version 5·1 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen).SettingCommunity-based samples recruited into cohort studies from many countries.SubjectsOlder men and women, mostly above 50 years of age.ResultsWhen comparing the lowest 25(OH)D category with the highest (or reference), the pooled risk ratio (95 % CI) was: 1·34 (1·13, 1·59) for fractures from nine studies; 1·59 (1·30, 1·95) for colorectal cancer from nine studies; 1·35 (1·17, 1·56) for CVD from twelve studies; and 1·42 (1·23, 1·63) for all-cause mortality from twelve studies.ConclusionsCohort studies show that baseline 25(OH)D levels predict increased risk of fractures, colorectal cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality. These associations are weak and could be explained by confounding variables such as obesity and physical activity. Because of their potential public health significance, RCT using vitamin D doses ≥50 μg/d are required to determine whether vitamin D protects against these diseases.

scholarly journals Career choices for public health: cohort studies of graduates from UK medical schools

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goldacre ◽  
L. Laxton ◽  
T. W. Lambert ◽  
P. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Career Choices ◽  
Medical Schools

Oxford Textbook of Neurologic and Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Epidemiologic Research ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Current Medical Practice ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

The Oxford Textbook of Neurologic and Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology is designed to focus on the overlaps and inter-relationships between neuro-epidemiological disorders, as well as on ways to harmonize large cohort studies to maximize opportunities for determining causes related to rarer disorders. Divided into three main parts, the book covers: (1) the principles of neurological and neuropsychiatric epidemiology; (2) specific neuropsychiatric disorders and their inter-relationships; and (3) the implications of neuro-epidemiologic research for patient populations and current medical practice. This comprehensive work serves as an invaluable reference to current neuroepidemiological methods for neurologists, psychiatrists, senior trainees in those disciplines, as well as public health practitioners and students with an interest in neurology and neuropsychiatry.

Public Health and Newborn Hearing Screening

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Terrey Oliver Penn ◽  
Susan E. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Newborn Hearing
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