scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction effects on weight gain in cattle using reaction norms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e278101321244
Author(s):  
Rafaela Zubler ◽  
Cláudio Vieira de Araújo ◽  
Flávio Luiz de Menezes ◽  
Rodrigo Reis Mota ◽  
Simone Inoe Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
The One

The existence of genotype-environment interaction (GEI) using reaction norm models and their impact on the genetic evaluation of Nellore sires for body weight at 120, 210, 365 and 450 days of age was verified. Three models were used: animal model (AM) that disregards GEI and the one-step reaction norm model with homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance (1SRNMH_het). Bayes Inference via Gibbs Sampling was used to estimate the variance components. The AM model better fits to weights at 120 and 210 days of age, while 1SRNMH_het was more adequate for body weights at 365 and 450 days of age, suggesting the existence of GEI. The posterior means of direct heritability were 0.33±0.01 and 0.36±0.01 and maternal heritability of 0.21±0.01 and 0.19±0.01 for body weights at 120 and 210 days of age, respectively. For body weights at 365 and 450 days of age, posterior means of heritability varied along the environmental gradient, but the ranking of sires based on breeding values was not changed by different environmental gradients. All rank correlations were greater than 0.80, strongly suggesting a scale effect of GEI. Despite the evidence of GEI on post-weaning weight gain, it did not change the ranking of sires. Therefore, it did not have a relevant impact on the genetic evaluation of sires because they are robust to environmental changes.

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction, genetic trends, and performance dissimilarity of Nellore herds raised in three different environmental gradients

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar de Souza ◽  
Fabio Rafael Leão Fialho ◽  
Marcos Paulo Gonçalves Rezende ◽  
Carlos Henrique Cavallari Machado ◽  
Mariana Pereira Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Genetic Trends

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction, and estimate genetic parameters, genetic trends, and performance dissimilarity-weight gain from birth to weaning (WGBW), adjusted weight to 205 days (W205), weight gain from weaning to 18 months of age (WG18), and adjusted weight to 550 days (W550)-in Nellore animals born between 1986 and 2012, and raised in pasture-based system in three different environmental gradients in Brazil. Data of 62,001 animals-11,729 raised in the Alto Taquari/Bolsão region (ATBR), 21,143 raised in the Campo Grande/Dourados region (CGDR) and 29,129 raised in the western São Paulo/Paraná region (SPPR) in Brazil-were used. The contemporary groups were defined by sex, location, and birth year and season, with at least nine individuals, two different environments, and breeding bulls with at least five progenies. The statistical model contained the direct additive and residual genetic effects (random effects), and environmental and contemporary group effects (fixed effects). Genetic parameters, genotype-environment interaction and genetic trends were estimates using animal model (uni- and/or bi- traits). The level of similarity between regions was evaluated using principal components. The animals raised in the CGDR had superior performance regarding the traits evaluated. The direct heritability estimates ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 (WGBW), 0.41 to 0.45 (W205), 0.42 to 0.55 (WG18) and 0.60 to 0.62 (W550). The maternal heritability of the traits ranged from 0.20 (WGBW), 0.12 to 0.18 (W205), 0.00 to 0.06 (WG18) and 0.02 to 0.22 (W550). According to the Spearman correlation, the ranking of the breeding bulls in the regions evaluated were different. The mean of Euclidean distance indicated low similarity between ATBR and CGDR (43.20), and ATBR and SPPR (29.24). CGDR and SPPR presented similarity of 17.84. The breed values increased over the years in the traits evaluated. The cumulative variance percentage of the first two main components explained 99.99% variation among the regions, and the weight gains of the animals were the most important to differentiate the regions. A genotype-environment interaction was found for the traits evaluated, thus, the breeding bull selected with superior genetic merit for one region might not be the best for others.

scholarly journals Reaction norms of direct and maternal effects for weight at 205 days in Polled Nellore cattle in north-eastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Pagung Ambrosini ◽  
Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
Raimundo Martins Filho ◽  
Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello Affonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effect ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
One Step ◽  
Norm Model ◽  
The One

Abstract. This study investigated the presence of genotype-environment interaction (GEI) for body weight adjusted to 205 days of age (W205) in Polled Nellore cattle raised in north-eastern Brazil using reaction norm (RN) models. The reaction norm hierarchical models (RNHM) included the fixed (linear and quadratic) effect of cow’s age, random effect of contemporary group (CG), RN level and slope for additive direct and maternal genetic effects and permanent maternal environmental effect. The one-step reaction norm model with homogeneous residual variance (RNHM1sHm) yielded the best adjustment compared to the others. Based on this model, the estimates of direct additive and maternal variances and increased with environment improvement (35.34±7.92 kg2 to 134.42±25.97 kg2 and 12.76±5.38 kg2 to 58.22±19.74 kg2 for low and high-quality environments, respectively). The estimates of heritability direct additive and maternal too increased with environmental improvement (0.08±0.02 to 0.24±0.04 and 0.03±0.01 to 0.10±0.04). The correlation between the intercept and the slope of RNHM indicates that animals with higher genetic values respond more efficiently to environmental improvements, representing a scale effect for W205. These results allowed us to characterize the GEI for W205 and showed that specific evaluation should be performed with low, intermediary and high production levels.

scholarly journals Cultivating response: Peasant seed and plant–human collaboration in an agro-industrial heartland

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110224
Author(s):  
Leila Rezvani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Peasant Farmer ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Seed Saving ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Ways Of Being

Using Donna Haraway’s notion of “response-ability”, or the cultivation of the capacity for response, this paper seeks to understand seed saving and plant breeding as politically and ethically charged modes of interspecies communication. In Brittany, France, a region known for its industrial-scale fresh vegetable production, peasant farmers and organic plant breeders question the modernist plant breeding and agro-industrial paradigm, cross-pollinating ideas to produce new understandings of genotype-environment interaction, biodiversity and heredity. Plant liveliness is understood as politically transformative, constitutive of an agriculture that supports peasant farmer and crop plant creativity and self-determination. In contrast to F1 hybrids, open-pollinated semences paysannes (peasant seed) retain the ability to respond to environmental changes, adapt and evolve over (human and plant) generations. Farmers must in turn engage specific modes of attention, interpreting plant expressions and shaping future generations through rouging and crossing, selecting and saving, watching and learning from their crops. Mutual response is the foundation of interdependence, in which nonconspecific partners adjust to one another’s ways of being and doing in order to labor together. In remaining response-able, farmers reckon with the liveliness and agential capacities of plants, qualities that work against their subsumption into factory-like methods of cultivation. These communicative practices hint at the radical potential for interspecies resistance to monoculture within plant breeding and cultivation, practices that are so often molded by the interests of agro-industrial capital.

scholarly journals Selection of a suitable definition of environment for the estimation of genotype × environment interaction in the weaning weight of beef cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
V. Jakubec ◽  
Z. Veselá ◽  
I. Majzlík
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
And Performance

Genotype by environment interactions for weaning weight in beef cattle were tested using several definitions of environments. Four breeds of beef cattle (Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Beef Simmental, and Charolais) were represented. The environments were defined according to five criteria: altitude, production areas, economic value of the land, less favourable areas, and performance levels of a breed within herds. Ten mixed models were compared including the effects of direct and maternal genetics, herd-year-season, maternal permanent environmental, breed, environment, genotype × environment interaction, sex of calf, and age of dam. The suitability of the models was tested by Akaike’s Information Criterion, likelihood ratio test, and magnitude of the residual variance. The most suitable definitions of environment were less favoured areas and herd levels of performance. Estimates of direct heritability ranged from 0.07 to 0.19. Genotype × environment interactions should be included in a genetic evaluation model for interbreed comparisons of beef cattle in the Czech Republic.

Genotype–environment interaction for age at first calving in buffaloes, using the reaction norm model

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
Gabriela Rodrigues Freitas ◽  
Naudin Alejandro Hurtado‐Lugo ◽  
Daniel Jordan de Abreu dos Santos ◽  
Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta Borquis ◽  
Newton Tamassia Pegolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Norm Model

Genotype×environment interaction for weaning weight in Nellore cattle using reaction norm analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ribeiro ◽  
J.P. Eler ◽  
V.B. Pedrosa ◽  
G.J.M. Rosa ◽  
J.B.S. Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Nellore Cattle

scholarly journals Models for multi-environment yield trials with fixed and random block effects and homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variances.

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Fernando Casanoves ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli ◽  
Mónica Balzarini
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Heterogeneous Variances ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Residual Variances

Multi-Environment Trials (METs) are used to make recommendations about genotypes at many stages of plant breeding programs. Because of the genotype-environment interaction, METs are usually conducted in various environments (locations and/or years), using designs which involve several repetitions (plots) for each genotype at each environment. The stratification or blocking of plots within each environment enables one to consider part of the variability due to differences between plots. The objective of this study was to see how frequently the problem of heterogeneous variances across environments appears in Peanut Breeding Program METs, and to evaluate the effects of diverse spatial modeling strategies on the comparison of genotype means in each environment. A series of 18 METs in a peanut breeding program with randomized complete block design in each environment were simultaneously adjusted by using 1) classic analysis of variance models (fixed and random block effects); 2) mixed models adjusted with homogenous and heterogeneous residual variances to take into account that experiments conducted in different environments may vary in precision (residual variances). The results suggest that the analysis of variance models with a block design and heteroscedastic errors between locations are more appropriate than their homogeneous residual variance versions.

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction of maternal influence characteristics in Nellore cattle bred in the Brazilian humid tropical regions by reaction norm

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 2787
Author(s):  
Jorge Luís Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Brito Lopes ◽  
Thaymisson Santos de Lira ◽  
José Américo Soares Garcia ◽  
Raysildo Barbosa Lôbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Nellore Cattle

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF GENETIC EXPERIMENTS TO MODIFY GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION. I. SINGLE PAIR MATINGS AND SELECTION USING ONE SIMPLE QUANTITATIVE ATTRIBUTE MEASURED IN TWO ENVIRONMENTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliyahu Scheinberg
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Designed Experiments ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Most breeding programs are aimed at producing quantitative changes in the genetic structure of the population in question. Available theory and designed experiments have failed to show how to modify the expression of genotype-environment interaction and assume that it is negligible or is not present.This paper considers the design of an experiment to test the feasibility of modifying this interaction and gives the necessary formulae to evaluate the results. It suggests that a number of genetic groups, say each with 2n full-sibs, should be equally divided into two random sub-groups and placed in different environments, e.g., two nutritional or climatic levels. One environment is where the parents and the first group of n randomly chosen offspring are reared continuously and the other environment is the one in which the second group of offspring is reared from birth. A criterion is then established for a selection program based on the performance differential of the same simple quantitative attribute measured in full-sibs reared in the two environments. This scheme can be employed for selecting for this criterion in three directions. Extensions of these theoretical considerations for the cases of more than one simple quantitative attribute, part-whole correlated attributes, indirect selection and more complicated designs will follow.

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