In vitro inhibition of Fusarium solani by Trichoderma harzianum and biofertilizer

Cassava root rot causes significant production losses. Difficulties of management, along with the lack of chemical fungicides officially registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), require alternative control methods. This study investigated the in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum as well as a biological fertilizer MICROGEO® on Fusarium solani. The phytophatogenic strains of F. solani, called F1 and F2 were isolated from rotted cassava tubers and T. harzianum, strain ESALQ 1306, from a biological fungicide. Continuous liquid composting of bovine ruminal content, water and MICROGEO® produced the biological fertilizer. Dual culture method was used at the bioassay with T. harzianum. Sterilized (St) and unsterilized (USt) biological fertilizer were tested in different concentrations (% v/v) diluted in the culture media. Colony diameters were measured daily in order to establish the mycelial growth velocity index, inhibition percentage, aside from the sporulation rate and spore germination percentage. The mycelial growth of F. solani isolates was interrupted after hyphae encounter with T. harzianum, due to the occurrence of mycoparasitism, but without influence on the sporulation rate. Sterilized biological fertilizer induced no biocontrol, whereas the unsterilized product (concentration 2.5%) inhibited approximately 64% and 85% of the mycelial growth of isolates F1 and F2, respectively. Moreover, spore germination declined with increasing concentration. In conclusion, T. harzianum and the unsterilized biofertilizer showed in vitro antagonistic activity on F. solani.

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Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2017-0025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zeinab Fotoohiyan ◽

Saeed Rezaee ◽

Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar ◽

Amir Hossein Mohammadi ◽

Mohammad Moradi

Keyword(s):

Verticillium Dahliae ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Volatile Metabolites ◽

Biocontrol Potential

Abstract Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in pistachio orchards in the world including Iran. In search for an effective non-chemical strategy for the management of this disease, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio trees in different locations of the Kerman province of Iran against V. dahliae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture tests in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized design using 72 T. harzianum isolates. Twenty isolates showed the highest in vitro antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all 20 isolates were capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. dahliae significantly. Among them, isolates Tr8 and Tr19 were the most effective by 88.89% and 85.12% inhibition, respectively. Extracted cell free metabolites of all effective isolates also inhibited the growth of V. dahliae in the culture medium significantly. According to the results, isolates Tr4 and Tr6 inhibited fungal pathogen growth by 94.94% and 88.15% respectively, through production of non-volatile metabolites. In the evaluation of volatile metabolites, isolates Tr5 and Tr4 were the most effective by 26.27% and 24.49% growth inhibition, respectively. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, the five most effective isolates were selected for evaluation under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol potential in controlling Verticillium wilt of pistachio. Results of the greenhouse, (in vivo) experiments were positive and indicated that the occurrence of wilt disease in plants treated with the antagonists alone or in combination with pathogenic fungus was lower than in plants inoculated with pathogen alone. The overall results of this study suggest that Trichoderma fungal antagonist may be an effective biocontrol agent for the control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio.

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Effects of Trichoderma Species on the Growth of Fusarium Verticillioides

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 423-425

Author(s):

Ramesh Kumar ◽

Sanjeev Kumar ◽

Balkishan Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Fusarium Verticillioides ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Virens ◽

Trichoderma Species

Six biocontrol treatments viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum + T. viride, T. harzianum + T. virens and T. viride + T. virens were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro conditions. The maximum growth inhibition (90.6%) was recorded in consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride in dual culture technique . The volatile and non volatile compounds from the consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride also found best and suppressed the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides to the tune of 83.90 and 84.61 %, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 423-425, 2021 (June)

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Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean

Indian Phytopathology ◽

10.1007/s42360-020-00288-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 787-792

Author(s):

Alyssa Swehla ◽

Abhay K. Pandey ◽

Ramakrishnan M. Nair

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Root Rot ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Fallow System

AbstractIn the rice-fallow system, dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen causes extensive production losses. In this study, the bioactivity of four Trichoderma harzianum isolates, namely Th-Dharwad, Th-Raichur, Th-Niphm, and Th-Udaipur procured from the Indian research institutes were evaluated against M. phaseolina of mungbean by the dual culture technique. The efficacy of these T. harzianum isolates were also compared with the effective fungicides such as thiram and carbendazim by the poison food method. Results showed that among the T. harzianum isolates, isolate of Th-Raichur was most effective, exhibiting 76.96% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. As compared to the thiram, carbendazim was more effective, and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In addition, carbendazim was also more effective than the isolate of Th-Raichur. In the sick pot experiment, mungbean seeds treated with Th-Raichur isolate showed a lower percent incidence of DRR (20%) than the untreated seeds (86.6%). The biological spectrum of Th-Raichur isolate was examined against M. phaseolina isolated from the different hosts such as urdbean and vegetable soybean, alongwith two other root pathogens, namely Fusarium solani of mungbean, and Sclerotium rolfsii of urdbean. The isolate of Th-Raichur showed maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogens M. phaseolina and F. solani of mungbean. Thus, Th-Raichur isolate can be used as a potential fungal biocontrol agent for the reduction of DRR in mungbean.

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EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM IN CONTROLLING LATE BLIGHT OF POTATO

Sustainability in Food and Agriculture ◽

10.26480/sfna.02.2021.92.98 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 92-98

Author(s):

Husniara Khatun ◽

Nusrat Sabiha Joya ◽

AKM Amdadul Hoque ◽

Mohammad Shahjahan Monjil

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Tuber Infection ◽

Late Blight Of Potato

Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum in reducing mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans as well as in controlling late blight of potato was done in Microbiology and Biocontrol laboratory and Net-house, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2019-2020, Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted using popular potato variety Diamant and native variety Challisha. T. harzianum was evaluated in net-house and in-vitro condition. Fungicide Indofil M-45 (Mancozeb) was used as positive check for comparison. In Net-house experiment, T. harzianum increased plant height, number of tubers and fresh weight of tubers over control treatment for the both of the varieties of potato. T. harzianum on late blight of potato (var. Diamant) showed a significantly better management over control treatment. In comparison to non-treated control treatment, reduced infection of late blight was found in the T.harzianum treated plants, whereas increase disease severity was calculated in control treatment. After harvesting, tuber infection in T. harzianum treated plants was not observed. Percent inhibition of tuber infection over control was 100%. Indofil M-45 suppressed Disease severity but comparatively less effective than T. harzianum in the long run. In case of variety Challisha similar trend of results were observed. In dual culture assay, T. harzianum showed highest inhibitory effect in suppressing mycelial growth of P. infestans. T. harzianum showed 86.67% inhibition of mycelial growth of P. infestans over control. Thus, it can be concluded that T. harzianum is effective to control late blight of potato and sometimes comparable to chemical fungicide in net-house condition.

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Mass screening of Trichoderma spp. for their antagonism against some plant pathogenic oomycetes fungi

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v10i3.1718 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 813-817

Author(s):

Erayya SL ◽

Nandani Shukla ◽

Kahkashan Arzoo ◽

J. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Mycelial Growth ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Potato Research ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Maximum Reduction ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Th 1

In vitro efficacy of twenty five Trichoderma isolates (twenty were TCMS series viz., TCMS 2, 4, 5, 12, 14a, 14b, 15, 16, 24, 32, 34, 36, 43, 60, 62, 64, 65, 72, 85 and 93, and five Th series; Th 1, 3, 14, 19 and 32) were ascertained for their antagonistic activity against few major plant pathogenic oomycetes namely, Phytophthora infestans, P. parasitica and Pythium aphenidermatum using dual culture technique. P. infestans was isolated from infected potato leaves and Pythium aphenidermatum from infected brinjal. P. parasitica culture was collected from Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Simla. The present study was conducted at Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. All the 25 Trichodrma isolates were found significantly effective against the test pathogens. TCMS-36 and TCMS-72 were found highly effective against P. aphinidermatum with 59.57 per cent inhibition of radial growth of the fungus. Maximum reduction in mycelial growth of P. infestans was recorded with isolate TCMS-64 (60.40%) followed by TCMS-65 (59.41%), TCMS-34 (58.42%), TCMS-24, TCMS-43 and TCMS-93 with 57.43 per cent inhibition. While, maximum inhibition of P. parasitica was recorded with TCMS-4 (92.75%) followed by TCMS-36 (92.23%), TCMS-2 (91.71%), TCMS-14a (91.17%) and TCMS-32 (90.67%). The selected potential isolates may be applied to sustainable and eco-friendly management of many major crop diseases caused by the oomycetes and other fungi.

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Integrated management approaches for controlling root rot of bael caused by Fusarium solani

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i2.884 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 849-854

Author(s):

M. Singh ◽

Sushil Sharma ◽

Mukesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Management Practices ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Rot Disease

An experiment was carried out to find out the effective management practices to control the recently recorded pathogen (Fusarium solani) inciting root rot disease in Bael. Rampant incidence due to this pathogen is resulting in excess damage and reduction in acreage. Out of six fungicides screened in vitro, Topsin-M and Bavistin stood at first place in inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani. Topsin-M showed 100% inhibition at 50 ppm concentration whereas Bavistin showed 100% inhibition at 150 ppm concentration. Bavistin and Topsin-M as seed dressers effectively protected pre and post emergence seedlings mortality to the tune of 68.75 and 70.95%; 65.00 and 67.54%, respectively. Pre-sowing drenching of soil with Bavistin (0.4%) reduced the pre-emergence mortality from 26.50 to 8.25% and post-emergence mortality from 39.00 to 16.25%. The integration of seed treatment and pre-sowing drenching resulted in 72.51% control of pre emergence mortality and 82.92% control of post emergence mortality. In dual culture method, maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded with Trichoderma harzianum (72.18%) followed by T. viride (67.70%). Glomus mosseae in combination with T. harzianum was found very effective against F. solani under screen house conditions as minimum pre emergence mortality (10.00%) and post emergence mortality (13.25%) against control where the values were 27.25% and 40.25%, respectively. The studies and results compiled here in provide an explanation for the potential of selected fungicides and antagonists in the control of bael root rot disease.

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EFFECTS OF TANNINS ON SPORE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF FUSARIUM SOLANI f. PHASEOLI AND VERTICILLIUM ALBO-ATRUM

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m67-215 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1655-1661 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. A. Lewis ◽

G. C. Papavizas

Keyword(s):

Spore Germination ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Complete Medium ◽

Tannin Concentration ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

Neutral Conditions ◽

Verticillium Albo Atrum

Gallotannin, wattle, canaigre, and chestnut tannins in a complete medium affected in vitro spore germination and mycelial growth of Fusarium solani f. phaseoli and Verticillium albo-atrum. The pH values and tannin concentration were important factors determining the effectiveness of tannins as inhibitors. Under acidic conditions (pH 5), gallotannin, canaigre, and chestnut tannins at concentrations varying from 39 p.p.m. to 625 p.p.m. inhibited spore germination of both fungi. At a concentration of 1000 p.p.m. these tannins completely prevented growth at pH 5 of both fungi during a 20-day period. Under near neutral conditions (pH 6–7) there was a minimum inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth with all tannins tested. Under alkaline conditions (pH 8) there was some degree of inhibition of spore germination, but, in general, growth was similar to that under neutral conditions. Wattle tannin was unusual in that it did not prevent growth of either fungus under acidic conditions although the growth of V. albo-atrum was appreciably reduced compared with the control. Gallotannin, however, prevented growth of both fungi under alkaline as well as acidic conditions.

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An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/038.55.2020.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

G. Zadehdabagh ◽

K. Karimi ◽

M. Rezabaigi ◽

F. Ajamgard

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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Antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningiopsis against Fusarium solani in seed germination and vigor of Miahuateco chili seedlings

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/r.mex.fit.2101-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Leydi Miguel-Ferrer ◽

Omar Romero-Arenas ◽

Petra Andrade-Hoyos ◽

Primo Sánchez-Morales ◽

José Antonio Rivera-Tapia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Para Determinar ◽

Santa Maria

El chile es la segunda hortaliza de mayor producción en México. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la actividad antagónica in vitro e in vivo de Trichoderma harzianum (T-H4) y T. koningiopsis (T-K11) versus Fusarium solani (MX-MIC 798) en la germinación y establecimiento de plántula de chile Miahuateco. Se utilizó la técnica de cultivo dual para determinar el porcentaje de inhibición de crecimiento radial (PICR) de la cepa MX-MIC 798. Además, se analizó el porcentaje de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero, así como la mortalidad de plántulas y grado de severidad a los 40 días después del trasplante (ddt) en Santa María Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, a través de biocontrol y control químico (Mancozeb 80®). La cepa T-H4 presentó el nivel antagónico PICR más alto (53.3%) in vitro y clase II en la escala de Bell, asimismo obtuvo 82% de germinación en semillas de chile Miahuateco en vivero y 48% de mortalidad en campo; de manera que igualó al control químico y superó a T. koningiopsis T-K11. La actividad antifúngica de Trichoderma spp., ofrecen una alternativa para el biocontrol de la marchitez y necrosis en raíz del cultivo de chile Miahuateco causada por F. solani MX-MIC 798.

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Antimicrobial activity of extracellular metabolites from antagonistic bacteria isolated from potato (Solanum phureja) crops

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/1953 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 212-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sinar David Granada García ◽

Antoni Rueda Lorza ◽

Carlos Alberto Peláez

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Cyclic Peptide ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Solanum Phureja ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Extracellular Metabolites

Microorganisms for biological control are capable of producing active compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogens, constituting a promising tool toob tain active principles that could replace synthetic pesticides. This study evaluatedtheability of severalpotentialbiocontrol microorganismsto produce active extracellular metabolites. In vitro antagonistic capability of 50 bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soils of "criolla" potato (Solanum phureja) was tested through dual culture in this plant with different plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Isolates that showed significantly higher antagonistic activity were fermented in liquid media and crude extracts from the supernatants had their biological activities assessed by optical density techniques. Inhibitory effecton tested pathogens was observed for concentrations between 0.5% and 1% of crude extracts. There was a correlation between the antimicrobial activity of extracts and the use of nutrient-rich media in bacteria fermentation. Using a bioguided method, a peptidic compound, active against Fusarium oxysporum, was obtained from the 7ANT04 strain (Pyrobaculum sp.). Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to mass detector evidenced an 11-amino acid compound. Bioinformatic software using raw mass data confirmed the presence of a cyclic peptide conformed by 11 mostly non-standard amino acids.

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