scholarly journals Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Alyssa Swehla ◽  
Abhay K. Pandey ◽  
Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fallow System

AbstractIn the rice-fallow system, dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen causes extensive production losses. In this study, the bioactivity of four Trichoderma harzianum isolates, namely Th-Dharwad, Th-Raichur, Th-Niphm, and Th-Udaipur procured from the Indian research institutes were evaluated against M. phaseolina of mungbean by the dual culture technique. The efficacy of these T. harzianum isolates were also compared with the effective fungicides such as thiram and carbendazim by the poison food method. Results showed that among the T. harzianum isolates, isolate of Th-Raichur was most effective, exhibiting 76.96% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. As compared to the thiram, carbendazim was more effective, and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In addition, carbendazim was also more effective than the isolate of Th-Raichur. In the sick pot experiment, mungbean seeds treated with Th-Raichur isolate showed a lower percent incidence of DRR (20%) than the untreated seeds (86.6%). The biological spectrum of Th-Raichur isolate was examined against M. phaseolina isolated from the different hosts such as urdbean and vegetable soybean, alongwith two other root pathogens, namely Fusarium solani of mungbean, and Sclerotium rolfsii of urdbean. The isolate of Th-Raichur showed maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogens M. phaseolina and F. solani of mungbean. Thus, Th-Raichur isolate can be used as a potential fungal biocontrol agent for the reduction of DRR in mungbean.

scholarly journals ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL BIO-INOCULANTS AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutha Raja Kumar ◽  
R., Arulselvi A ◽  
Rex Immanuel R ◽  
Jaiganesh V ◽  
Thamarai Selvi M.
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Growth Accounting ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents against stem rot of groundnut. The result of the dual culture technique indicated that Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii. Among the isolate T. viride (Tv1 ) produced maximum reduction of mycelial growth. This was followed by the isolates T. harziaum and T. virens which restricted the mycelial growth when compared to control. Among the isolates T. viride (Tv1 ) at a conc. of 10, 20, 30 and 40 per cent conc. showed an increase in the inhibition of the mycelia growth recording 22.15, 15.27, 8.75 and 0.00 mm respectively. The next best in antagonist was T. harzianum. Among the Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates, PfI3 produced maximum reduction of mycelial growth accounting for 74.97 per cent reduction over control. Also, a general increase in the conc. of the Antagonistic culture filtrate showed an increase in the inhibition of the mycelial growth of the test pathogen.

scholarly journals ​Antagonistic Activity of Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. against Wilt Complex causing Pathogens of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Parmar ◽  
N.M. Gohel
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Chickpea Wilt

Background: Chickpea wilt complex caused by several soil-borne pathogens is the major yield-reducing malady worldwide. Biological control is one of the best, low-cost and ecologically sustainable method for managing plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Methods: In this present investigation Panchagavya and Trichoderma spp. were evaluated by following poisoned food technique and dual culture technique against wilt complex causing pathogens i.e. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. Result: Among the different isolates of Trichoderma spp. evaluated, Trichoderma viride (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (52.78%) and F. solani (65.37%) whereas, Trichoderma asperellum (AAU isolate) was highly antagonistic to M. phaseolina (65.93%). Panchagavya at the highest concentration (50%) showed significantly higher efficacy (80.74, 66.62 and 49.67%) in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all three pathogens and at the lowest concentration it was moderately effective.

scholarly journals Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. K. Wanjiku ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
J. N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

Effects of Trichoderma Species on the Growth of Fusarium Verticillioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-425
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Balkishan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Trichoderma Species

Six biocontrol treatments viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum + T. viride, T. harzianum + T. virens and T. viride + T. virens were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro conditions. The maximum growth inhibition (90.6%) was recorded in consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride in dual culture technique . The volatile and non volatile compounds from the consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride also found best and suppressed the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides to the tune of 83.90 and 84.61 %, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 423-425, 2021 (June)

In-vitro bioefficacy of fungal antagonists against root rot of Pea caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Safdar Kaiser Hasmi ◽  
R. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Petri Plate

In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungi namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma koningii, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the treatments were found to be superior over control (R. solani), but among all treatments A. niger was found to the most effective antagonist, with highest radial growth inhibition of the pathogen (77.01 percent), followed by A. flavus, T. harzianum and T. koningii i.e., 66.23, 64.42 and 62.20 percent. While as, T. atroviride was found to be the least effective one with minimum growth inhibition i.e., 42.21 percent. Whereas, at the same time control (R. solani) showed 100 percent radial growth and covered the whole Petri Plate within 5 days. All the bio-control agents were significantly effective to inhibit the sclerotia formation and development, except T. atroviride in which formation of sclerotia was recorded, while in all other treatments complete inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded after 10 days of incubation.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibition of Fusarium solani by Trichoderma harzianum and biofertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e5210312994
Author(s):  
Paula Fernanda de Azevedo ◽  
Ana Carolina de Almeida ◽  
Rodrigo Domiciano Marques ◽  
Christiane Luciana da Costa ◽  
Anderson Roberto Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Sporulation Rate ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

Cassava root rot causes significant production losses. Difficulties of management, along with the lack of chemical fungicides officially registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), require alternative control methods. This study investigated the in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum as well as a biological fertilizer MICROGEO® on Fusarium solani. The phytophatogenic strains of F. solani, called F1 and F2 were isolated from rotted cassava tubers and T. harzianum, strain ESALQ 1306, from a biological fungicide. Continuous liquid composting of bovine ruminal content, water and MICROGEO® produced the biological fertilizer. Dual culture method was used at the bioassay with T. harzianum. Sterilized (St) and unsterilized (USt) biological fertilizer were tested in different concentrations (% v/v) diluted in the culture media. Colony diameters were measured daily in order to establish the mycelial growth velocity index, inhibition percentage, aside from the sporulation rate and spore germination percentage. The mycelial growth of F. solani isolates was interrupted after hyphae encounter with T. harzianum, due to the occurrence of mycoparasitism, but without influence on the sporulation rate. Sterilized biological fertilizer induced no biocontrol, whereas the unsterilized product (concentration 2.5%) inhibited approximately 64% and 85% of the mycelial growth of isolates F1 and F2, respectively. Moreover, spore germination declined with increasing concentration. In conclusion, T. harzianum and the unsterilized biofertilizer showed in vitro antagonistic activity on F. solani.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Charcoal Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina) Tassi) Goid on Cowpea and Mung Bean by Some Isolates of Streptomyces spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 207-219
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Jaber ◽  
Mohammed A. Fayyadh
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Fungus Infection ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Gram Staining

Thirty-nine isolates of Actinomycetes were isolated from different sources such as rhizosphere and plant roots of Alfalfa, Clovers, cowpea, Mung bean, sorghum and date palms. Biochemical tests showed that all isolates were gram positive and capable of producing amylase, catalase and gelatinase enzymes. The isolates showed a positive test for gram staining. The isolates were capable of producing the enzymes of amylase, catalase and gelatinase. Dual culture technique showed that Streptomyces griseorubens, S. tendae 6, S. tendae2, S. tendae 5, S. parvulus and S. tendae 6 had high antagonistic activity against Macrophomina phaseolina as a zone of inhibition reached 15, 14, 13, 15, 14 and 12mm, respectively. Molecular identification revealed that actinomycetes isolate No 15, 23, 24 and 30 isolated from rhizosphere of Clovers, Sorghum, Alfalfa, Mung bean had 99% similarity with S. tendae while Actinomycetes No 38 isolated from rhizosphere of Cowpea had 99% similarity with S. grseorubens .and isolate No 27 isolated from date palms had 99% similarity with S.parvulus. all isolate were deposited at NCBI with GenBank accession number LC499602.1, LC499603.1, LC499606.1, LC499607.1, LC499604.1, LC499605.1. The isolate of S. griseorubens showed high efficacy in reducing disease. Which was 10.1% compared with 49.5% in control treatment on cowpea. 22.0% in mung bean compared to 43.4% in control treatment. In the field experiment, the results showed that soil treated with Actinomycetes isolates led to an increase in the percentage of seed germination and reduced the percentage of fungus infection. S. griseorubens reduced the percentage of infection to 11.54% compared to 32.33% in control treatment.

scholarly journals Mass screening of Trichoderma spp. for their antagonism against some plant pathogenic oomycetes fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-817
Author(s):  
Erayya SL ◽  
Nandani Shukla ◽  
Kahkashan Arzoo ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Potato Research ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Th 1

In vitro efficacy of twenty five Trichoderma isolates (twenty were TCMS series viz., TCMS 2, 4, 5, 12, 14a, 14b, 15, 16, 24, 32, 34, 36, 43, 60, 62, 64, 65, 72, 85 and 93, and five Th series; Th 1, 3, 14, 19 and 32) were ascertained for their antagonistic activity against few major plant pathogenic oomycetes namely, Phytophthora infestans, P. parasitica and Pythium aphenidermatum using dual culture technique. P. infestans was isolated from infected potato leaves and Pythium aphenidermatum from infected brinjal. P. parasitica culture was collected from Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Simla. The present study was conducted at Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. All the 25 Trichodrma isolates were found significantly effective against the test pathogens. TCMS-36 and TCMS-72 were found highly effective against P. aphinidermatum with 59.57 per cent inhibition of radial growth of the fungus. Maximum reduction in mycelial growth of P. infestans was recorded with isolate TCMS-64 (60.40%) followed by TCMS-65 (59.41%), TCMS-34 (58.42%), TCMS-24, TCMS-43 and TCMS-93 with 57.43 per cent inhibition. While, maximum inhibition of P. parasitica was recorded with TCMS-4 (92.75%) followed by TCMS-36 (92.23%), TCMS-2 (91.71%), TCMS-14a (91.17%) and TCMS-32 (90.67%). The selected potential isolates may be applied to sustainable and eco-friendly management of many major crop diseases caused by the oomycetes and other fungi.

scholarly journals Management of wilt and dry root rot diseases of redgram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] by using actinomycetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
S. Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fusarium Udum ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Actinomycetes were tested for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium udum and Macrophomina phaseolina under in vitro condition. Among the tested isolates of Actinomycetes AC (5) reported highest 82.85 per cent reduction of mycelial growth of Fusarium udum and 85.13 per cent reduction of mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina. In the field experiment, five treatments were tested for the management of wilt and dry root rot disease, T3- ST+ SA with Actinomycetes (AC 5) significantly recorded 71.92 and 70.38 per cent reduction of the wilt and dry root rot diseases, respectively. These biocontrol agents were used an alternative to the chemical fungicide for controlling the wilt and dry root rot incidence and enhanced the plant growth parameters and there by increased yield in redgram.

scholarly journals KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI RIZOSFER PADA SISTEM PHT-BIOINTENSIF SERTA KEMAMPUAN ANTAGONISMENYA TERHADAP Sclerotium rolfsii PADA KEDELAI

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdjad Asih Nawangsih ◽  
Tita Widjayanti . ◽  
Yana Anisa .
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Abundance of rhizospheric bacteria on the IPM-Biointensive system and their antagonistic activities toward Sclerotium rolfsii on soybean.  Abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is one of the active soil indicators the success of integrated pests management (IPM) system.  Some beneficial groups of microorganisms can be used as biocontrol agents.  This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of IPM-Biointensive by integrated application of resistant varieties, rice-straw mulch, and biocontrol agents on the abundance of rizospheric bacteria of soybean, also to evaluate the suppressiveness of the bacteria to the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii in vitro.  Abundance of the bacteria was determined by isolation using serial dilution and plate-count techniques.  Suppression to the fungus was evaluated using dual culture technique.  Heat tolerant bacteria had the highest abundance (ranged 1011-1012 cfu/g soil), followed by non-fluorescence bacteria (1011 cfu/g soil), chitinolytic bacteria (106-109 cfu/g soil), and fluorescence bacteria with population range was 103-108 cfu/g soil.  Gepak kuning variety grown with application of rice-straw mulch and PGPR (V2M1P1) caused the highest abundance of rizosphere bacteria.  One of the heat tolerant bacteria, i.e. TP32, caused the highest suppression to the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii in vitro.  Based on the morphology, physiology, and biochemical properties, the isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. 

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