Scientific Knowledge in Sociology: Problem Statement

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Gennady V. Kanygin ◽  
Maria S. Poltinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Hidden Knowledge ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The article opens a cycle of publications, which analyze the similarities and differences between the two wide spread modern approaches to the description of society - sociological and informational ones. Both approaches have the same methodological problem to be solved. The problem of expressing hidden knowledge about society that participants in social processes operate with the help of natural language in the course of social communication. In order to harmonize sociological and informational approaches of describing society, it was proposed any natural language statements involved in describing society to be arranged according to the basic principle of information technology - modularity. The proposed way of harmonizing informational and sociological methods of building knowledge about society is invoked by the need to solve two scientific problems formulated in sociology itself - the constructability of social objects and the complexity of social relationships. The paper's methodological proposals are embodied in their computer realization, which practical application is demonstrated in other publications of the authors.

The Relationship between social skills and percived smartphone usage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rageshawari Munderia ◽  
Rajbala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Multiple Regression Method ◽  
The Relationship

Social skills play an instrumental role in individuals’ life. It helps individuals to communicate and maintain social relationships. Presently, the smartphone has completely changed the mode of social communication, and social skills may play a crucial role in this regard. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the association between social skills and perceived smartphone usage (both positive and negative usage). The perceived negative usage of the smartphone has been assessed in terms of smartphone addiction. Sample of the present study comprised of (n=509) adult participants. Pearson’s product moment correlation (r) and multiple regression method was employed to assess the relationship between the proposed variables. Findings of the study demonstrated that social skills are significantly related with both perceived positive usage of smartphone and smartphone addiction. Social expressivity and emotional control emerged as significant predictors for both positive usage of smartphone and smartphone addiction. The findings of the study may have important implications for bringing awareness among the individuals regarding the role of social skills for effective usage of smartphone as well as for future researches in this direction. Keywords: social skill, perceived positive smartphone usage, smartphone addiction, emotion expressivity, emotional control

scholarly journals Intent Detection and Slot Filling with Capsule Net Architectures for a Romanian Home Assistant

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Anda Stoica ◽  
Tibor Kadar ◽  
Camelia Lemnaru ◽  
Rodica Potolea ◽  
Mihaela Dînşoreanu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Natural Language Understanding ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Neural Network Architecture ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Slot Filling

As virtual home assistants are becoming more popular, there is an emerging need for supporting languages other than English. While more wide-spread or popular languages such as Spanish, French or Hindi are already integrated into existing home assistants like Google Home or Alexa, integration of other less-known languages such as Romanian is still missing. This paper explores the problem of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) applied to a Romanian home assistant. We propose a customized capsule neural network architecture that performs intent detection and slot filling in a joint manner and we evaluate how well it handles utterances containing various levels of complexity. The capsule network model shows a significant improvement in intent detection when compared to models built using the well-known Rasa NLU tool. Through error analysis, we observe clear error patterns that occur systematically. Variability in language when expressing one intent proves to be the biggest challenge encountered by the model.

The Evolution of Jewish Terrorism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami Pedahzur ◽  
Arie Perliger
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Tremendous Impact ◽  
Land Of Israel

While Jewish violence and terrorism, both early and contemporary, is closely correlated with one particular territory—Palestine or Eretz Yisrael (Land of Israel)—the chapter utilizes Rapoport’s four-waves framework in order to show that the evolution of Jewish terrorism was shaped by global dynamics and developments. More specifically, we will argue that whereas Jewish terrorism in Palestine and later in Israel consists of only two periods—the nationalist (1930s–1950s), which corresponds with the anticolonial wave, and its derivative, the nationalist-religious (1970s–present), which overlaps with the religious wave—the two missing waves, both of which were left-wing revolutionary, had a tremendous impact on political and social processes in Israel in general, and on the evolution of Jewish terrorism in particular. We conclude by discussing the implications of the similarities and differences between Jewish religious violence and other types of religious political violence.

Suspended Deportation Orders: A Proposed Law Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-319
Author(s):  
Jonathan Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Statutory Law ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hard Cases

Abstract The Immigration Act 2014, the UK statutory law governing deportation, requires deportation as the normal consequence of criminal offending by a foreign national. Deportation is a binary institution; a foreign national offender (FNO) is made subject to a deportation order and deported from the UK, or they are not. This is problematic because it creates two kinds of ‘hard cases’ on either side of the statutory categories for exemption from deportation on the basis of an FNO’s article 8 ECHR family life. This article proposes the introduction of a ‘suspended deportation order’ so as to create a third possible disposal for deportation appeals as a means by which to tackle the problems arising from the binary outcomes to deportation appeals. The article examines suspended prison sentences as a model for the rationale and practical application of a ‘suspended deportation order’, noting both similarities and differences to this fixture of sentencing law.

Emerging Adults’ Representations of Work: A Qualitative Research in Seven Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 216769682096359
Author(s):  
Valérie Cohen-Scali ◽  
Jonas Masdonati ◽  
Soazig Disquay-Perot ◽  
Marcelo Afonso Ribeiro ◽  
Guðbjörg Vilhjálmsdóttir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Psychology Of Working

With the recent evolution of the labor market, emerging adults with no diploma are particularly exposed to unsatisfying jobs and barriers to access decent work. The aim of the research was to identify their representations of work, based on the psychology of emerging adulthood and the psychology of working theory. Differences related to each country’s level of development and to the work situations met by the participants were expected. Ten emerging adults aged 20–25 were interviewed in seven countries ( N = 70). Data were processed using a thematic content analysis. The results stress that these emerging adults associate “decent work” with two specific qualities: the extent to which work allows survival needs to be met and the experience of positive social relationships in the workplace. This article discusses the similarities and differences in their representations of work and their role on identity development.

scholarly journals Measuring child social communication across contexts: Similarities and differences across play and snack routines

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Frost ◽  
Genna N. Koehn ◽  
Kaylin M. Russell ◽  
Brooke Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Similarities And Differences

scholarly journals NLP commercialisation in the last 25 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Robert Dale
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Language Engineering

AbstractThe Journal of Natural Language Engineering is now in its 25th year. The editorial preface to the first issue emphasised that the focus of the journal was to be on the practical application of natural language processing (NLP) technologies: the time was ripe for a serious publication that helped encourage research ideas to find their way into real products. The commercialisation of NLP technologies had already started by that point, but things have advanced tremendously over the last quarter-century. So, to celebrate the journal’s anniversary, we look at how commercial NLP products have developed over the last 25 years.

scholarly journals Grounding Ontologies with Social Processes and Natural Language

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 89-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Debruyne ◽  
Trung-Kien Tran ◽  
Robert Meersman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Social Processes

scholarly journals Innovative Potential of Gas Detonation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Kharlamov ◽  
◽  
L.G. Polonsky ◽  
N.O. Balytska ◽  
S.A. Klymenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Detonation Waves ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Gas Detonation ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Solid Explosives ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
The Creation

Introduction. Explosive technologies are widely used in the extraction industries, in mechanical engineering for welding, hardening, etc. However, the use of solid explosives is limited, above all, by safety requirements. Therefore, the use of a safer and more convenient source of energy, gas detonation, is attracting much attention. Pressures, temperatures, and velocities in detonation waves or shock waves in gases close to them in terms of intensity, as well as the pulse nature of the influence of these factors determine a high potential of their technical and technological use. Problem Statement. In many technical systems, deflagration modes of burning prevail. However, a more thermodynamically advantageous method of combustion and conversion of chemical energy of fuel into useful work is the detonation mode of combustion. This ensures the feasibility of development, research and wider implementation of various technologies and devices using controlled gas detonation. Purpose. Systematization and analysis of the main trends in the development and design of detonation gas technologies and devices in Ukraine and throughout the world. Materials and Methods. Systematization and analysis of scholarly research publications and patents on the practical application of gas detonation in various sectors of the economy. Results. The tendencies of practical use of gas detonation in different branches of industry have been revealed and analyzed. Priority developments in the technological application of the method in mechanical engineering have been performed in Ukraine. However, in many technical areas Ukraine has fallen behind the world leaders in terms of the creation of detonation gas technologies and devices. Conclusions. For the practical use of the potential of gas detonation, it is necessary to develop fundamentally new devices that ensure reliable, safe, and controlable generation and propagation of detonation waves in gases and sprayed fuels. Gas detonation is promising for the creation of more advanced technologies and equipment.

scholarly journals Innovative Potential of Gas Detonation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Kharlamov ◽  
◽  
L.G. Polonsky ◽  
N.O. Balytska ◽  
S.A. Klymenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Detonation Waves ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Gas Detonation ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
The World ◽  
Solid Explosives ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
The Creation

Introduction. Explosive technologies are widely used in the extraction industries, in mechanical engineering for welding, hardening, etc. However, the use of solid explosives is limited, above all, by safety requirements. Therefore, the use of a safer and more convenient source of energy, gas detonation, is attracting much attention. Pressures, temperatures, and velocities in detonation waves or shock waves in gases close to them in terms of intensity, as well as the pulse nature of the influence of these factors determine a high potential of their technical and technological use. Problem Statement. In many technical systems, deflagration modes of burning prevail. However, a more thermodynamically advantageous method of combustion and conversion of chemical energy of fuel into useful work is the detonation mode of combustion. This ensures the feasibility of development, research and wider implementation of various technologies and devices using controlled gas detonation. Purpose. Systematization and analysis of the main trends in the development and design of detonation gas technologies and devices in Ukraine and throughout the world. Materials and Methods. Systematization and analysis of scholarly research publications and patents on the practical application of gas detonation in various sectors of the economy. Results. The tendencies of practical use of gas detonation in different branches of industry have been revealed and analyzed. Priority developments in the technological application of the method in mechanical engineering have been performed in Ukraine. However, in many technical areas Ukraine has fallen behind the world leaders in terms of the creation of detonation gas technologies and devices. Conclusions. For the practical use of the potential of gas detonation, it is necessary to develop fundamentally new devices that ensure reliable, safe, and controlable generation and propagation of detonation waves in gases and sprayed fuels. Gas detonation is promising for the creation of more advanced technologies and equipment.

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