scholarly journals Late Effect of Early Hypoxic Disturbance in the Rat Heart: Gender Differences

2010 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
I Netuka ◽  
O Szárszoi ◽  
J Malý ◽  
H Říha ◽  
D Turek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Late Effect ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Perfused Hearts

Perinatal hypoxemia may have serious long-term effects on the adult cardiovascular system and may lead to sex-dependent changes in cardiac tolerance to acute ischemia in adult life. The aim of the study was to answer the question whether gonadectomy of the male and female rats in the early phase of ontogenetic development affects the late effect of perinatal hypoxia. Pregnant Wistar rats were placed into a normobaric hypoxic chamber (12 % O2) 7 days before the expected date of delivery. Newborn pups were kept in the chamber with their mothers for another 5 days after birth. After hypoxic exposure all animals were kept for 3 months in room air. Some of the pups were gonadectomized right after removal from the hypoxic chamber. Ventricular arrhythmias were assessed on isolated perfused hearts. Castration did not influence arrhythmogenesis in the adult normoxic or perinatally hypoxic female hearts. Nevertheless, the number of arrhythmias was decreased in perinatally hypoxic gonadectomized males. In conclusion, we have shown that perinatal normobaric hypoxia increased cardiac tolerance to acute ischemia in adult male rats; however, it had no late effect in females. Gonadectomy did not affect arrhythmogenesis in both normoxic and hypoxic female hearts, whereas in males significantly decreased the number of arrhythmias.

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 131I AND 125I ISOTOPES OF IODINE IN THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. DONIACH ◽  
D. J. SHALE
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Tsh

SUMMARY From the differences in radiation profiles between 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine it would be expected that they would show different effects on thyroid function. The differences should lead to lower rates of thyroid gland destruction with 125I and hence less post-irradiation hypothyroidism. This difference in biological effect has been demonstrated in rats by indirect assessment of thyroid function. In this report the long-term effects of a range of similar doses of 131I and 125I were compared, in male and female rats, by direct assessment of thyroid function. Seventeen months after receiving 25 and 125 μCi of 131I, male and female rats showed significant elevation of serum TSH concentration and a reduction in 3 h radioiodine uptake. Rats receiving 1 and 5 μCi of 131I and all doses of 125I showed no significant changes in thyroid function. These findings confirm the previously reported differences in effect between the 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine in the rat.

Long-term effects of high-fat diets on peroxisomal β-oxidation in male and female rats

Lipids ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Thomassen ◽  
J. Norseth ◽  
E. N. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract TP277: Diabetes Amplifies Vascular Injury and Worsens Ischemic Stroke Outcome in Young Female Rats: Loss of Protection

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Valenzuela ◽  
Weiguo Li ◽  
Yasir Abdul ◽  
Rebecca Ward ◽  
Sally El-Shafey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infarct Size ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Outcome ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Women are protected from stroke until they reach menopause in part due to neuroprotection conferred by sex hormones. We and others have shown that that diabetes increases neurovascular injury and worsens stroke outcomes in males. Given the clinical evidence that diabetes increases stroke risk especially in younger individuals and females, we hypothesized that diabetes worsens stroke outcome even in young females. We further postulated that moderate hyperglycemia worsens hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and outcomes independent of changes in infarct size. High fat diet plus low dose streptozotocin model of diabetes was used. Control and diabetic weight-matched male and female rats (10-12 weeks old, n=5-7) were subjected to embolic stroke with a fibrin-rich humanized clot. Neurological deficits (Bederson score, adhesive removal test -ART and grip strength), infarct size, HT index, and edema ratio were assessed 3 days after surgery (Table). As expected in the control group, females rats had smaller infarct size, less edema, and better functional outcomes as compared to male rats. In the diabetic group, however, HT score was greater and this was more profound in females. Diabetes worsened the functional outcome to a much greater extent in females. While there was partial improvement of neurological deficits by Day 3 in control animals, diabetic animals did not improve but worsened. Additional studies will explore the long-term effects and the underlying mechanisms contributing to worse outcome in young and old diabetic females.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND GONADECTOMY ON THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A. Grunt ◽  
Russell D. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hormonal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hormonal Replacement ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Thyroid function has been evaluated in male and female rats which had been either sham operated, gonadectomized, adrenalectomized, or adrenalectomized and gonadectomized on day 25, and killed at 180 days of age. No hormonal replacement therapy was utilized. Animals without adrenals showed increased thyroid weights, increased cell heights of follicular epithelium and decreased resin binding of 131I labeled triiodothyronine without significant changes in BEI. Possible mechanisms for these changes in thyroid function are discussed.

scholarly journals Dissection of the metabolic actions of insulin in adipocytes from early growth-retarded male rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Ozanne ◽  
CL Wang ◽  
MW Dorling ◽  
CJ Petry
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Numerous studies have shown a relationship between early growth restriction and Type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that offspring of rats fed a low protein (LP) diet during pregnancy and lactation have a worse glucose tolerance in late adult life compared with controls. In contrast, in young adult life LP offspring have a better glucose tolerance which is associated with increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. The aim of the present study was to compare the regulation of glucose uptake and lipolysis in adipocytes by insulin in control and LP offspring. LP adipocytes had increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake compared with controls. There was no difference in basal rates of lipolysis. Isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis in both groups, but it was more effective on LP adipocytes. Insulin reduced lipolytic rates in controls to basal levels but had a reduced effect in LP adipocytes. Protein kinase B activity matched glucose uptake, with LP adipocytes having elevated activities. These results suggest that early growth retardation has long-term effects on adipocyte metabolism. In addition, they show selective resistance to different metabolic actions of insulin and provide insight into the mechanisms by which insulin regulates glucose uptake and lipolysis.

scholarly journals Developmental increases in plasma leptin binding activity and tissue Ob-Re mRNA expression in the rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy T Smith ◽  
Peter J Mark ◽  
Brendan J Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Leptin’s actions are mediated via the long form of its receptor, Ob-Rb, but access to this receptor on target cells is also influenced by truncated leptin receptor isoforms Ob-Ra and Ob-Re. Plasma leptin binding activity is primarily attributed to Ob-Re, which can restrict leptin passage to extravascular tissue. In this study we investigated whether plasma leptin binding activity changes from fetal to adult life in male and female rats, and whether tissue expression of Ob-Re mRNA changes during development. Plasma leptin binding activity was low in the fetus and prepubertal rats but then increased in male rats by more than three-fold from pre- to post-puberty and by a further two-fold by 7 months of age. A more modest increase in plasma leptin binding activity was observed in females such that a clear sex difference became evident after puberty. There was also a reduction in hypothalamic Ob-Rb protein content between puberty and adult life in female rats. Combined with the higher levels of plasma leptin binding activity, this change in hypothalamic Ob-Rb expression is likely to lead to a more leptin-resistant state in aging females. To assess possible sources of circulating leptin binding activity, Ob-Re mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR in several tissues from male rats soon after puberty and at 7 months of age. All tissues examined (testis, epididymis, adrenal, liver, adipose and spleen) expressed Ob-Re mRNA, and there was a dramatic, age-related increase in expression (> 300-fold) in the spleen. These data show that, in addition to the developmental increase in hypothalamic Ob-Rb expression previously reported, plasma leptin binding activity increases several fold from fetal to adult life in the rat. This suggests that the actions of leptin depend not only on its synthesis in adipose tissue and Ob-Rb expression in target cells, but also on factors that regulate tissue expression of Ob-Re and thus leptin transport within plasma.

Neuropharmacological analysis of the control of LH secretion in gonadectomized male and female rats: altered hypothalamic responses to inhibitory neurotransmitters in long-term castrated rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. X. Almeida ◽  
K. E. Nikolarakis ◽  
A. Herz
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dopaminergic Agonists ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Opioid Agonists ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT The control of LHRH and LH by neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as the endogenous opioid peptides is essentially the same in intact adult male and female rats: adrenergic and dopaminergic agonists stimulate LH release and opioid agonists inhibit it. Several weeks after gonadectomy, however, the contribution of the endogenous ligands of adrenergic, dopaminergic and opioidergic receptors to the control of LHRH is altered. A detailed pharmacological analysis in long-term ovariectomized females confirmed previous reports that adrenergic and dopaminergic agonists still enhance secretion of LHRH and LH and opioid receptor agonists still suppress it. A similar investigation in long-term castrated males also confirmed previous reports that opioid agonists fail to block LH secretion. In addition, we have found that while adrenergic and dopaminergic agonists cause increases in serum concentrations of LH, adrenoreceptor and dopamine receptor antagonists do not inhibit LH release in long-term castrates. Furthermore, the opioid antagonist naloxone does not raise serum LH levels in either sex after long-term gonadectomy. These observations therefore imply reduced opioidergic, dopaminergic and adrenergic transmission, in relation to LHRH release, after longterm castration. In addition, opioid receptor activity (assessed by responsiveness to an opioid receptor agonist) of female rats is maintained, whereas that of male rats is lost, after long-term gonadectomy. J. Endocr. (1988) 119, 15–21

Long-term Effects of Alcohol Consumption in Male and Female Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann R. Piano ◽  
David L. Geenen ◽  
Dorie W. Schwertz ◽  
Shamim A. K. Chowdhury ◽  
Milina Yuzhakova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Effects of Vepacide (Azadirachta indica) on asp artate and al anine aminotransferase profiles in a subchronic study with rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Rahman ◽  
M KJ Siddiqui ◽  
K Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Predictive Toxicology ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
High Doses

The aim of this study was to ascertain the long-term effects of Vepacide, a neem-based pesticide on biochemical profiles. Albino Wistar rats were treated orally with 80 (low), 160 (medium) and 320 mg/kg (high) doses of Vepacide in coconut oil for 90 days. Control rats received the same volume of the vehicle. Vepacide caused increase of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in serum, kidney and lung, and these enzymes decreased in liver in both male and female rats when measured after 45 and 90 days of treatment. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the alterations in these enzymes were dose–and time-dependent. Sexual dimorphism was observed when male rats were compared with female rats (Student t-test at P< 0.05). Positive correlation was observed with regard to these enzymes between serum, kidney and lung, whereas in the case of serum and liver, a negative correlation was recorded. These enzyme profiles elucidate that they increased in serum with simultaneous decrease in liver, indicating necrosis of liver, whereas in other tissues, the level of enzymes increased, showing an adaptive mechanism due to the chemical stress. The affected enzymes were recovered to normal conditions after 28 days of post-treatment (withdrawal study). Due to the Vepacide treatment, lung was more affected followed by liver and kidney. This study has indicated that these enzymes could be useful as biomarkers for the insult of any toxicant. Besides, they can also help in predictive toxicology.

scholarly journals Erythropoietin Production in the Anephric Rat. I. Relationship Between Nephrectomy, Time of Hypoxic Exposure, and Erythropoietin Production

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Schooley ◽  
L. J. Mahlmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Erythropoietin Production ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Erythropoietin

Abstract The serum erythropoietin levels of adult male and female rats exposed immediately after nephrectomy to a simulated altitude of 22,000 ft for 5 hr is measurable but decreased to about l5% of normal. Erythropoietin is not detected in the serum of adult female and male rats when the interval between nephrectomy and the beginning of the hypoxic exposure is increased to 8 and 16 rr, respectively. The ability of an anephric rat to respond to this hypoxic stimulus progressively decreases with increasing time after nephrectomy. The ability of young anephric rats to increase their serum erythropoietin levels is little altered if the rats are exposed to hypoxia immediately after nephrectomy, but exposure to the same hypoxic stimulus 24 hr later results in a significant reduction in erythropoietin production. The ability of both normal and anephric rats to produce erythropoietin is reduced or abolished by actinomycin D. The serum erythropoietin produced in hypoxic anephric rats is immunologically indistinguishable from normal erythropoietin.

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