scholarly journals Heart Rate, Body Temperature and Physical Activity Are Variously Affected During Insulin Treatment in Alloxan-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rat

2011 ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. HOWARTH ◽  
M. JACOBSON ◽  
M. SHAFIULLAH ◽  
M. LJUBISAVLJEVIC ◽  
E. ADEGHATE
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Qt Intervals

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications including impaired cardiac muscle function. The effects of insulin treatment on heart rate, body temperature and physical activity in the alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rat were investigated using in vivo biotelemetry techniques. The electrocardiogram, physical activity and body temperature were recorded in vivo with a biotelemetry system for 10 days before ALX treatment, for 20 days following administration of ALX (120 mg/kg) and thereafter, for 15 days whilst rats received daily insulin. Heart rate declined rapidly after administration of ALX. Pre-ALX heart rate was 321±9 beats per minute, falling to 285±12 beats per minute 15-20 days after ALX and recovering to 331±10 beats per minute 5-10 days after commencement of insulin. Heart rate variability declined and PQ, QRS and QT intervals were prolonged after administration of ALX. Physical activity and body temperature declined after administration of ALX. Pre-ALX body temperature was 37.6±0.1 °C, falling to 37.3±0.1 °C 15-20 days after ALX and recovering to 37.8±0.1 °C 5-10 days after commencement insulin. ALX-induced diabetes is associated with disturbances in heart rhythm, physical activity and body temperature that are variously affected during insulin treatment.

scholarly journals N- and O-Acetylated 3-Iodothyronamines Have No Metabolic or Thermogenic Effects in Male Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Sogol Gachkar ◽  
Rebecca Oelkrug ◽  
Beate Herrmann ◽  
Thomas S. Scanlan ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Resonance Analysis ◽  
Target Gene Transcription

Introduction: Injection of 3-iodothyronamine into experimental animals profoundly affects their metabolism and body temperature. As 3-iodothyronamine is rapidly acetylated in vivo after injection, it was hypothesized that the metabolites N- or O-acetyl-3-iodothyronamines could constitute the active hormones. Methods: Adult male mice were injected once daily with one of the metabolites (5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally dissolved in 60% DMSO in PBS) or solvent. Metabolism was monitored by indirect calorimetry, body temperature by infrared thermography, and body composition by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Signaling activities in brown fat or liver were assessed by studying target gene transcription by qPCR including uncoupling protein 1 or deiodinase type 1 or 2, and Western blot. Results: The markers of metabolism, body composition, or temperature tested were similar in the mice injected with solvent and those injected with one of the acetylated 3-iodothyronamines. Conclusions: In our experimental setup, N- and O-acetyl-3-iodothyronamine do not constitute compounds contributing to the metabolic or temperature effects described for 3-iodothyronamine. The acetylation of 3-iodothyronamine observed in vivo may thus rather serve degradation and elimination purposes.

Mechanisms of the defect in cardiac myofibrillar function during diabetes

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. E170-E175 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Pierce ◽  
N. S. Dhalla
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Myofibrillar Atpase ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Cardiac Membranes ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Rat Hearts

Diabetes was induced in rats by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body wt), and animals were killed 8 wk later. Some animals were maintained in a diabetic state for 6 wk and then given 2 wk of insulin treatment in vivo. Myofibrils were isolated and ATPase activities measured. Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activities were depressed in diabetic rat hearts in comparison to control; insulin treatment normalized these activities. The depression in myofibrillar ATPases was of gradual onset as no changes were detected 2 wk after inducing diabetes. Treatment of diabetic animals with thyroid hormone did not restore changes in myofibrillar ATPase activities. Marker enzyme activities did not reveal any detectable contamination by cardiac membranes. Mg2+-ATPase activity of myofibrillar preparations from control and diabetic hearts responded differently to N-ethylmaleimide modification. Furthermore, myofibrillar sulfhydryl reactivity to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was significantly depressed in diabetic preparations in comparison to control and insulin-treated diabetic animals. These results suggest that the defect in myofibrillar ATPase activities in chronic diabetes may be due to some modification of sulfhydryl groups.

scholarly journals Cardiac-generated sympathetic stress alters heart-brain communication, reduces EEG-theta activity, and increases locomotor behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Agrimi ◽  
Danilo Menicucci ◽  
Marco Laurino ◽  
Chelsea Mackey ◽  
Laila Hasnain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Sympathetic Stress

Brain modulation of myocardial activity via the autonomic nervous system is increasingly well characterized. Conversely, how primary alterations in cardiac function, such as an intrinsic increase in heart rate or contractility, reverberate on brain signaling/adaptive behaviors - in a bottom-up modality - remains largely unclear. Mice with cardiac-selective overexpression of adenylyl cyclase type 8 (TGAC8) display increased heart rate and reduced heart rhythm complexity associated with a nearly abolished response to external sympathetic inputs. Here, we tested whether chronically elevated intrinsic cardiac performance alters the heart-brain informational flow, affecting brain signaling and, thus, behavior. To this end, we employed dual lead telemetry for simultaneous recording of EEG and EKG time series in awake, freely behaving TGAC8 mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. We recorded EEG and EKG signals, while monitoring mouse behavior with established tests. Using heart rate variability (HRV) in vivo and isolated atria response to sympathomimetic agents, we first confirmed that the TGAC8 murine heart evades autonomic control. The EEG analysis revealed a substantial drop in theta-2 (4-7 Hz) activity in these transgenic mice. Next, we traced the informational flow between EKG and EEG in the theta-2 frequency band via the Granger causality statistical approach and we found a substantial decrement in the extent of heart/brain bidirectional communication. Finally, TGAC8 mice displayed heightened locomotor activity in terms of behavior, with higher total time mobile, distance traveled, and movement speed while freezing behavior was reduced. Increased locomotion correlated negatively with theta-2 waves count and amplitude. Our study shows that cardiac-born persistent sympathetic stress disrupts the information flow between the heart and brain while influencing central physiological patterns, such as theta activity that controls locomotion. Thus, cardiac-initiated disorders, such as persistently elevated cardiac performance that escapes autonomic control, are penetrant enough to alter brain functions and, thus, primary adaptive behavioral responses.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION OF HEART RHYTHM ON THE MANIFESTATION OF PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE OF QUALIFIED ATHLETES (І MESSAGE)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Lysenko ◽  
Svitlana Fedorchuk ◽  
Valerii Vinogradov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Level Of Activity

Introduction. To assess the characteristics of the body’s adaptation of skilled athletes to strenuous exercise, it is most important to define how the manifestation of physical performance of athletes depend on the autonomic regulation of physiological functions of the body. Aim is to study the dependence of the autonomic regulation of heart rate on the manifestation of physical performance of qualified athletes and the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system under conditions of physical activity of different nature. Materials and methods. Determination of physical performance of qualified athletes and the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) to test physical activity (ergospirometric complex "Oxycon Pro", treadmill LE-200 C), mathematical analysis of heart rhythm variability, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. The predominance in the regulation of heart rate activity of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system helps athletes achieve a higher level of physical performance both in terms of physical activity with a predominance of aerobic processes in energy supply and in terms of maximum realization of aerobic capacity. Increased activity of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is combined with a reduced level of VE, which indicates the efficiency of the reaction of cattle under physical conditions, mainly aerobic (low and medium power). With increasing intensity of physical activity (starting from the threshold of aerobic metabolism), the increased level of activity of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system will increase the level of pulmonary ventilation, which characterizes the most effective response of CRS Conclusions. The higher level of activity of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic emergency in the regulation of heart rate contributed to the formation of a more economical pattern of respiratory response due to higher VT and lower fT, which under intense physical work allowed to achieve higher levels of VE and aerobic potential of the athlete. With increasing activity of the sympathetic channel of heart rate regulation, there was a decrease in the efficiency of the respiratory response. Thus, the required operating level VE was formed due to the smaller value of VT at a high level

scholarly journals The State of the Cardiovascular System of Qualified Table Tennis Athletes at the Stage of Competitive Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Ulizko V. M. ◽  
◽  
V. R. Kryzhanivsky ◽  
T. M. Zakharkevich ◽  
I. L. Belyavsky
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
The State ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Frequency Component

The condition of the cardiovascular system is one of the important criteria for assessing the impact of sports training on the human body. According to the indicators characterizing the state of the cardiovascular system, it is possible to trace the changes associated with fluctuations in the level of training, as well as to identify signs of overload as early as possible. The study of adaptive reactions of the cardiovascular system in athletes under physical activity is an important indicator for sports practice. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quantitative criteria for assessing the state of the cardiovascular system and approaches to correct the functional state of qualified athletes specializing in table tennis. Materials and methods. Studies of heart rate variability, quantitative and qualitative indicators that sufficiently reflect the autonomic functions of the body were used in order to assess the state of autonomic regulation in highly qualified athletes. Systematic physical activity causes a significant restructuring of the cardiovascular system and leads to morphofunctional changes in the mechanisms of the heart. Depending on the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, there are different ways of myocardial adaptation processes. The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic links of autonomic rhythm regulation is reflected in the activation of the left ventricle. Results and discussion. Adaptive changes of the cardiovascular system to competitive and training loads in the competitive period in qualified athletes are characterized by a significant decrease in heart rate (from 84.75±1.74 beats / min to 74.8±0.38 beats / min). In addition, a significantly faster process of restoring heart rate was established after exercise in the group of qualified athletes, compared with athletes of the category 1 at 4 (p >0.05) and 5 (p >0.05) minutes, respectively. According to the indicators of autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, activation of the parasympathetic link prevails in athletes of the category 1 in comparison with qualified athletes activation (according to high-frequency component, p <0.05). Significantly higher rates of individual parts of the body compared to low-skilled athletes were found out: the hormonal system (the indicator responsible for the hormonal part of the body – very low-frequency component) and the nervous system (indicators of the sympathetic nervous system – low frequency component). There are significantly higher values of the magnitude of the heart rate spectrum and high-frequency component at p <0.05, which indicates a higher power of all units of the parasympathetic regulation in the category 1 in relation to masters of sports and candidates masters of sports. Conclusion. Systematic physical activity causes a significant restructuring of the cardiovascular system and leads to morphofunctional changes in the mechanisms of the heart. Depending on the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, there are different ways of myocardial adaptation processes. The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic links of autonomic rhythm regulation is reflected in the activation of the left ventricle. The analysis showed that the spectral characteristics of heart rate variability significantly differ between groups of athletes with different dominance that are observed only in terms of high-frequency component, which in turn led to a change in the sympathetic-vagal balance

Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine on the energy budget of chickens

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. R57-R61
Author(s):  
P. E. Hillman ◽  
N. R. Scott ◽  
A. van Tienhoven
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Intraventricular Injections

Intraventricular injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine-HCl (258 nmol) or acetylcholine-HCl (550 nmol) in the chicken caused body temperature to rise at 35 degrees C ambient, a result of decreased evaporative heat loss due to bradypnea. At 10 and 20 degrees C ambient, neither drug affected body temperature. Although these drugs decreased physical activity or shivering or both at 10 and 20 degrees C, metabolic heat production was not depressed enough to alter body temperature significantly. Heart rate decreased simultaneously with decreased activity at 20 degrees C. This study is the first to inject 5-hydroxytryptamine as a salt of HCl, instead of creatinine sulfate, as is commonly used. It is suggested that some of the differences reported herein, compared to other studies, are due to the type of salt used. It is postulated that either 5-hydroxytryptamine or acetylcholine, rather than norepinephrine, may be an important neurotransmitter in the neural pathways for thermoregulation in chickens, even though their action on thermoregulation is minor compared with norepinephrine.

Impact of physical activity on heart rate variability in children with type 1 diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Ru Chen ◽  
Yann-Jinn Lee ◽  
Hung-Wen Chiu ◽  
Chii Jeng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes

Assessing the Level of Physical Activity in the Workplace

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Narváez ◽  
José Manjarrés ◽  
Winston Percybrooks ◽  
Mauricio Pardo ◽  
Maria Calle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Stress Fatigue ◽  
Cardiac Cost

Occupational hygiene requires evaluation of different risk sources in the workplace. The level of physical workload may create stress, fatigue and injuries. Therefore, activity monitoring provides valuable information for companies in assessing and solving possible hazards in the workplace. The article presents a system using wearable technology to monitor and evaluate physical workload with in situ measurements. The system uses a smartwatch and a mobile application for Android phones. During workload monitoring, the application displays physiologic variables such as heart rate, calories, body temperature, galvanic skin response and number of steps. Additionally, the system computes absolute and relative cardiac cost, and Frimat coefficients. Tests were performed on 10 individuals from a janitor staff (5 men and 5 women), monitoring every task during their most demanding hour. Results agree with the type of activity developed in different intervals, showing light and very light workload for different tasks in all workers.

scholarly journals Comparison of Physical Activity Sensors and Heart Rate Monitoring for Real-Time Activity Detection in Type 1 Diabetes and Control Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmay Manohar ◽  
Derek T. O'Keeffe ◽  
Ling Hinshaw ◽  
Ravi Lingineni ◽  
Shelly K. McCrady-Spitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Activity Detection ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Activity Sensors ◽  
And Control
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