scholarly journals Immediate Direct Peripheral Vasoconstriction in Response to Hyperinsulinemia and Metformin in the Anesthetized Pig

2014 ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. MARKOS ◽  
C. M. SHORTT ◽  
D. EDGE ◽  
T. RUANE-O’HORA ◽  
M. I. M. NOBLE
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Flow Pressure

Elevated levels of insulin have been reported to induce both an arterial vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide (NO), and vasoconstriction mediated by endothelin and reactive oxygen radicals. Metformin, used to control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes, has also been shown to cause NO-mediated dilation of conduit arteries. It is possible that these contradictory vascular effects are due to a non-direct action on arteries. Therefore, the direct effect of high levels of insulin and metformin infusion on resistance artery diameter was evaluated. Experiments were carried out on the anesthetized pig; blood flow and pressure were measured in the iliac artery. An adjustable snare was applied to the iliac above the pressure and flow measurement site to induce step decreases (3-4 occlusions at 5 min intervals were performed for each infusion) in blood flow, and hence iliac pressure, and the conductance (∆flow / ∆pressure) calculated. Saline, insulin (20 and 40 mUSP/l/min), and metformin (1 µg/ml/min) were infused separately downstream of the adjustable snare and their effect on arterial conductance assessed. Insulin at both infusion rates and metformin caused a significant reduction in peripheral vascular conductance. In conclusion, hyperinsulinemia and metformin infusion constrict resistance arterial vessels in vivo.

scholarly journals Oral DhHP-6 for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Yu Su ◽  
Yuting Liang ◽  
Yanhui Song ◽  
Liping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction which can be induced by oxidative stress. Deuterohemin-βAla-His-Thr-Val-Glu-Lys (DhHP-6) is a microperoxidase mimetic that can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. In our previous studies, we demonstrated an increased stability of linear peptides upon their covalent attachment to porphyrins. In this study, we assessed the utility of DhHP-6 as an oral anti-diabetic drug in vitro and in vivo. DhHP-6 showed high resistance to proteolytic degradation in vitro and in vivo. The degraded DhHP-6 product in gastrointestinal (GI) fluid retained the enzymatic activity of DhHP-6, but displayed a higher permeability coefficient. DhHP-6 protected against the cell damage induced by H2O2 and promoted insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. In the T2DM model, DhHP-6 reduced blood glucose levels and facilitated the recovery of blood lipid disorders. DhHP-6 also mitigated both insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Most importantly, DhHP-6 promoted the recovery of damaged pancreas islets. These findings suggest that DhHP-6 in physiological environments has high stability against enzymatic degradation and maintains enzymatic activity. As DhHP-6 lowered the fasting blood glucose levels of T2DM mice, it thus represents a promising candidate for oral administration and clinical therapy.

scholarly journals Symptoms of Diabetes

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2005 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Bobroff
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes is a growing health concern for children as well as adults in the United States. Diabetes that is uncontrolled can lead to blindness, kidney disease, heart disease, and amputations. Early treatment to control blood glucose levels helps decrease a person’s chances of developing these health problems. Everyone should be tested for diabetes at their regular checkups. If you have any of the following symptoms of diabetes, see your health care provider right away! (Remember, sometimes type 2 diabetes has no symptoms.) This document is FCS8751, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: February 2005.

scholarly journals MENGENDALIKAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DENGAN OLAH SEHAT LAFIDZI 21

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sulastri S ◽  
Tety Mulyati Arofi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Pendahuluan: Diabetes Mellitus merupakan suatu sindroma klinis kelainan metabolik yang ditandai oleh adanya hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau kedua-duanya. Perawatan pasien Diabetes bertujuan mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah sehingga tidak menimbulkan komplikasi yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan normal pasien. Berbagai penatalaksanaan untuk mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah dapat dilakukan, di antaranya olah sehat Lafidzi 21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 terhadap kadar glukosa darah pasien Diabetes tipe 2 di Klub Diabetes Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan quasi-experimental dengan kelompok kontrol. Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 dilakukan oleh penderita Diabetes setiap hari selama 14 hari. Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa yang signifikan pada kelompok intervensi setelah melakukan Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 (p =0,00). Simpulan: Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah secara signifikan pada penderita diabetes tipe 2 di Diabetes Klub Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Kata kunci: Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21, kadar gula darah, diabetes mellitus tipe 2.AbstractIntroduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a clinical syndrome of metabolic abnormalities characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia that occurs due to insulin secretion abnormalities, insulin work or both. Treatment of Diabetes patients aims to control blood glucose levels so as not to cause complications that can interfere with the patient's normal life. Various management to control blood glucose levels can be done, including healthy Lafidzi 21. This study aims to determine the influence of Healthy Lafidzi 21 on blood glucose level of Type 2 Diabetes patients at Diabetes Club Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design with a control group. Healthy Lafidzi 21 is done by diabetics every day for 14 days. Results: the study showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in the intervention group after performing Healthy Lafidzi 21 (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Healthy Lafidzi 21 is able to lower blood glucose levels significantly in people with type 2 diabetes in Diabetes Club Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Keywords: Healthy Lafidzi 21, blood sugar level, diabetes mellitus type 2.

scholarly journals The Arteriolar Glycocalyx Plays a Role in the Regulation of Blood Flow in the Iliac of the Anaesthetised Pig

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. RUANE-O’HORA ◽  
F. MARKOS
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Flow Pressure

The role of the glycocalyx of arterial resistance vessels in regulating blood flow in vivo is not fully understood. Therefore, the effect of glycocalyx damage using two separate compounds, hyaluronidase and N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), was evaluated in the iliac artery vascular bed of the anaesthetised pig. Blood flow and pressure were measured in the iliac, an adjustable snare was applied to the iliac above the pressure and flow measurement site to induce step decreases (3 occlusions at 3-4 min intervals were performed for each infusion) in blood flow, and hence iliac pressure, and vascular conductance (flow/pressure) was calculated. Saline, hyaluronidase (14 and 28 µg/ml/min), and fMLP (1 µM/min) were infused separately, downstream of the adjustable snare and their effect on arterial conductance assessed. Hyaluronidase at the higher infusion rate and fMLP both caused a reduction in arterial conductance, and hence an increase in blood flow resistance. In conclusion, the results show that glycocalyx damage causes an increase in resistance to blood flow in the iliac artery vascular bed.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery Strategies for Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Toxin-Derived Anti-Diabetic Peptides

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Reeju Amatya ◽  
Taehoon Park ◽  
Seungmi Hwang ◽  
JaeWook Yang ◽  
Yoonjin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
General Drug ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Plasma Half Life

Toxin peptides derived from the skin secretions of amphibians possess unique hypoglycemic activities. Many of these peptides share cationic and amphipathic structural similarities and appear to possess cell-penetrating abilities. The mechanism of their insulinotropic action is yet not elucidated, but they have shown great potential in regulating the blood glucose levels in animal models. Therefore, they have emerged as potential drug candidates as therapeutics for type 2 diabetes. Despite their anti-diabetic activity, there remain pharmaceutical challenges to be addressed for their clinical applications. Here, we present an overview of recent studies related to the toxin-derived anti-diabetic peptides derived from the skin secretions of amphibians. In the latter part, we introduce the bottleneck challenges for their delivery in vivo and general drug delivery strategies that may be applicable to extend their blood circulation time. We focus our research on the strategies that have been successfully applied to improve the plasma half-life of exendin-4, a clinically available toxin-derived anti-diabetic peptide drug.

Efeitos dos Programas de Treinamento Aeróbio, de Força e Combinado na Glicose Sanguínea em Diabéticos do Tipo 2: uma Revisão Sistemática/ Effects of Aerobic, Strength and Combined Programs Training on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic: a Systematic Review.

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre de Souza E Silva ◽  
Maria Paula Gonçalves Mota
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pubmed Database

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os estudos que avaliaram os efeitos dos programas de treinamento aeróbio, força e combinado nos níveis de glicose sanguínea em indivíduos com diabetes do tipo 2. Foi utilizado o método de revisão sistemática, sendo utilizada a base de dados PubMed. As palavras chaves utilizadas para pesquisa foram training and diabetes. Foram identificados 484 artigos originais. Apenas 17 estudos respeitaram os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados evidenciam que os programas de treinamento aeróbio diminuíram os níveis de glicose. O programa de treinamento de força também foi favorável à diminuição dos níveis de glicose sanguínea. Já o programa de treinamento combinado não demonstrou efeitos favoráveis no controle da glicose sanguínea. Conclui-se que o programa de treinamento aeróbio e de força ajudam a controlar os níveis de glicose sanguínea em indivíduos com diabetes do tipo 2. Palavras-chave: diabetes mellitus, treinamento, glicose.ABSTRACTThe study aims to analyze the studies that evaluated the effects of aerobic, strength and combined programs training in blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. We used a systematic review method and is used to PubMed database. The key words used for searching were training and diabetes. We identified 484 original articles. Only 17 studies complied with the inclusion criteria. The results show that aerobic training programs decreased glucose levels. The strength training program was also favorable to decrease in blood glucose levels. But the combined training program has not shown favorable effects on blood glucose control. We conclude that the aerobic training and strength helps control blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, training, glucose.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical hit of anti type 2 Diabetes mellitus on the phenolic extract of Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica L.) flesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musri Musman ◽  
Mauli Zakia ◽  
Ratu Fazlia Inda Rahmayani ◽  
Erlidawati Erlidawati ◽  
Safrida Safrida
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Phenolic Extract

Abstract Background Ethnobotany knowledge in a community has shaped local wisdom in utilizing plants to treat diseases, such as the use of Malaka (Phyllanthus emblica) flesh to treat type 2 diabetes. This study presented evidence that the phenolic extract of the Malaka flesh could reduce blood sugar levels in the diabetic induced rats. Methods The phenolic extract of the P. emblica was administrated to the glucose-induced rats of the Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus for 14 days of treatment where the Metformin was used as a positive control. The data generated were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA Software related to the blood glucose level and by SAS Software related to the histopathological studies at a significant 95% confidence. Results The phenolic extract with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight could reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The post hoc Dunnet test showed that the administration of the extract to the rats with a concentration of 100 mg/kg body weight demonstrated a very significant decrease in blood glucose levels and repaired damaged cells better than administering the extract at a concentration of 200 mg/kg weight body. Conclusion The evidence indicated that the phenolic extract of the Malaka flesh can be utilized as anti type 2 Diabetes mellitus without damaging other organs.

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