scholarly journals Relativistic electric potential near a resting straight carbon nanotube of a finite-length with stationary current

Author(s):  
Nikolai A. Poklonski ◽  
Ivan A. Halimski ◽  
Sergey A. Vyrko ◽  
Anatoli T. Vlassov ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Hieu

Based on the Lienard – Wiechert potentials for a uniformly and rectilinearly moving electron, a relativistic electric field is studied near a densely filled with potassium atoms single-walled carbon nanotube (K@CNT) with a stationary electric current inside it. The relativistic electric field in the laboratory coordinate system arises (due to the Lorentz transformations) only for a nanotube of a finite length. This field is a result of summation of the Coulomb fields of stationary positively charged ionic cores of potassium and an equal number of ballistically moving valence electrons of potassium that create a current. It is shown that the magnitude of the negative relativistic electric potential of K@CNT in the direction perpendicular to the nanotube does not depend on the direction of the current density. The relationship is obtained between the K@CNT radius and the number of open channels of ballistic electron transfer over potassium atoms. The Landauer formula is used, which relates the number of open quasi-one-dimensional channels and the direct current electrical conduction. For the first time, analytical formulas are obtained for the dependence of the relativistic potential near K@CNT on the electric voltage between the ends of the nanotube and on its radius in the limit of zero absolute temperature. The case is considered when the distance from the point of registration of the relativistic potential above the center of the nanotube is much less than its length. For nanotube with diameter of 2 nm and length of 100 mm, under an external electric field strength of 5 mV/mm, the magnitude of the potential of the relativistic electric field is of about 2 mV. Modern measurement techniques make it possible to register the predicted relativistic potential.

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Mengjie Li ◽  
Qilong Wang ◽  
Ji Xu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Zhiyang Qi ◽  
...  

Due to the high field enhancement factor and photon-absorption efficiency, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in optically induced field-emission as a cathode. Here, we report vertical carbon nanotube arrays (VCNTAs) that performed as high-density electron sources. A combination of high applied electric field and laser illumination made it possible to modulate the emission with laser pulses. When the bias electric field and laser power density increased, the emission process is sensitive to a power law of the laser intensity, which supports the emission mechanism of optically induced field emission followed by over-the-barrier emission. Furthermore, we determine a polarization dependence that exhibits a cosine behavior, which verifies the high possibility of optically induced field emission.


Small ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2102517
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Hicks ◽  
Yun‐Chiao Yao ◽  
Sydney Barber ◽  
Nigel Neate ◽  
Julie A. Watts ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (21) ◽  
pp. 214306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Castellano ◽  
Cevat Akin ◽  
Gabriel Giraldo ◽  
Sangil Kim ◽  
Francesco Fornasiero ◽  
...  

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2551 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Coogan

The conditions under which direct lattice sums of electric potential, field, and field gradient converge are discussed. The analogous conditions under which differences in these lattice sums, for two points in the crystal, converge are also outlined. These conditions are applied to direct lattice sum calculations in crystals in which the ideal lattice is distorted close to a defect of some kind. The conver- gence conditions are then applied to the case of determining the direct lattice sums in crystals in which higher symmetry properties can be invoked, which leads to a knowledge by inspection of the lattice sum at one point in the unit cell.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Keyser ◽  
M. Echim

Abstract. Strong localized high-altitude auroral electric fields, such as those observed by Cluster, are often associated with magnetospheric interfaces. The type of high-altitude electric field profile (monopolar, bipolar, or more complicated) depends on the properties of the plasmas on either side of the interface, as well as on the total electric potential difference across the structure. The present paper explores the role of this cross-field electric potential difference in the situation where the interface is a tangential discontinuity. A self-consistent Vlasov description is used to determine the equilibrium configuration for different values of the transverse potential difference. A major observation is that there exist limits to the potential difference, beyond which no equilibrium configuration of the interface can be sustained. It is further demonstrated how the plasma densities and temperatures affect the type of electric field profile in the transition, with monopolar electric fields appearing primarily when the temperature contrast is large. These findings strongly support the observed association of monopolar fields with the plasma sheet boundary. The role of shear flow tangent to the interface is also examined.


2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Ho ◽  
A. T. S. Wee ◽  
J. Lin

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBAROS ASLAN ◽  
LESTER F. EASTMAN ◽  
WILLIAM J. SCHAFF ◽  
XIAODONG CHEN ◽  
MICHAEL G. SPENCER ◽  
...  

We present the experimental development and characterization of GaN ballistic diodes for THz operation. Fabricated devices have been described and gathered experimental data is discussed. The major problem addressed is the domination of the parasitic resistances which significantly reduce the accelerating electric field across the ballistic region (intrinsic layer).


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