A COMPARISON OF RYEGRASS CULTIVARS IN SOUTH CANTERBURY 2. Annual cultivars

1973 ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
C.C. Mcleod
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Short Rotation

The results of three annual ryegrass cultivar trials showed that, of seven cultivars, the Dutch tetraploid Western Wolths Tewera Barenza established first and made good autumn growth. Three tetraploid Western Wolths cultivars including Grasslands Tama were observed to give the best early spring growth. In contrast, the two later maturing Dutch tetraploid Italian ryegrasses gave the highest late spring and early summer production, Poor maximum total yields, the tetraploid Western Wolths ryegrass Billion was the most consistent cultivar. In addition, the tetraploids, whether Italian or Western Wolths, tended to be more productive than the New Zealand diploid Grasslands Paroa (Ralian) or Gramlands Manawa (short-rotation) ryegrasses.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF LATE SPRING-EARLY SUMMER PASTURE SURPLUSES IN HILL COUNTRY

1984 ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
R.W. Webby ◽  
W.J. Pengelly
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Animal Performances ◽  
Grazing Policy ◽  
Made In

Comparisons of controlling late spring to early summer pasture growth on either easy or steep contoured land with either a fast rotation or continuous grazing policy were made in self-contained farmlets for two years. Pasture control was maintained over more land by controlling steep land first and with continuous grazing. Animal performances (ewes, steers) were generally similar for the mid-November to early January treatment period, and subsequently until May shearing. In the first year better animal performances occurred in "steep control" farmlets during winter and early spring, but this was less evident in the second year. Priority control of steep land during late spring-early summer is recommended because of likely longer-term benefits in pasture composition,density and production. Quick rotation grazing through the period provides a better ability to recognise and manage pasture quantities and should be adopted if summer droughts are anticipated. For well fenced properties in summer-wet areas and with integrated stock grazing, continuous grazing during late spring-early summer may be equally suitable. Keywords: hill country, grazing management, pasture control

Studies on the properties of New Zealand butterfat: VII. Effect of the stage of maturity of ryegrass fed to cows on the characteristics of butterfat and its carotene and vitamin A contents

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McDowall ◽  
W. A. McGillivray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Feeding Trials

SummaryIn two outdoor feeding trials with monozygotic twin cows during the spring and early summer months the effects of mature and immature H1 short rotation ryegrass on the composition of the butterfat produced and on the carotene and vitamin A contents of the butterfat and the blood were compared. In both trials the characteristics investigated were markedly affected by the stage of maturity of the grass. The butterfat from cows receiving immature ryegrass was more unsaturated and had higher carotene and vitamin A contents than that from cows receiving mature ryegrass. The blood of cows fed immature ryegrass also contained more carotene than the blood of cows fed mature ryegrass.It is suggested that variation in the stage of maturity of New Zealand dairy pastures throughout the year is an important factor contributing to the seasonal variations in the characteristics and the carotene and vitamin A contents of commercial butterfat. The influence of stage of maturity is probably associated with the quantity and nature of the pasture lipids.

Fruit viability on grubbed Nassella trichotoma (Nees) tussocks

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lamoureaux ◽  
G. Bourdôt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Root System ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Summer Fruit

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of time of grubbing in the late spring–early summer, panicle developmental stage at grubbing, and the presence or absence of roots on grubbed plants, on the initial and post-senescent viability of fruits of Nassella trichotoma in North Canterbury, New Zealand. The percentage of fruits viable, following desiccation of panicles removed from plants grubbed in the field, increased from 1% for panicles just beginning to emerge from the leaf sheath, to 49% for panicles fully extended at the time of grubbing. Similarly, as grubbing date was delayed from late November (late spring) until late December (early summer), fruit viability increased from 0.3 to 47%. Overall, 36% of the fruits were viable on panicles at the time of grubbing, increasing slightly to 47 and 44%, respectively, after a period of desiccation with and without the panicles being attached to the grubbed plant's root system. It was concluded that if recruitment of fruits of N. trichotoma to the soil seed bank is to be prevented in North Canterbury, plants must be uprooted before panicle extension. Delaying grubbing to when panicles are fully extended, while possibly enabling a higher percentage of plants to be detected and therefore destroyed, carries with it a high risk of permitting the recruitment of viable fruits to the soil seed bank.

Natural mortality of juvenile rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus ) in North Canterbury, New Zealand

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Robson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
Pasture Quality

Rabbit-breeding stops were monitored over 35ha of improved farmland, with relatively stable rabbit numbers, in North Canterbury, New Zealand. The number of stops dug varied seasonally, with most in spring, fewest in autumn. Pasture quality appeared to have a marked influence on breeding activity and productivity of the rabbits. Of the 427 breeding stops located, litters were found in 33%. Most (97%) of these stops were lined with grass and belly fur from the doe. Most juvenile rabbit mortality occurred prior to weaning. Of the 126 litters monitored, 38% were preyed upon, 29% drowned and 20% were either preyed upon or drowned prior to emergence. Young drowned when sufficient rainfall for a particular soil type caused flooding of stops. In all, 13% of litters were weaned and left the breeding stop, with late spring-early summer being the most favourable period for survival. Predator numbers were lowest during this period. Ferrets were the most numerous predator; cats and harriers were also present. Disease was not significant. Of those rabbits that emerged, approximately 50% survived to 14 weeks of age. Less-frequent drowning during a sequence of dry years may explain an increase in rabbit number observed in previous years. This may make it possible to predict the need for control.

Digestibility and voluntary intake measurements on regrowths of six Tasmanian pasture species

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (61) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Michell
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Pure species swards of Trifolium repens (white clover cv. Grasslands Huia), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass cv. Tasmanian No. I ) , Lolium perenne x L. multiflorum (short rotation ryegrass cv. Grasslands Manawa), Lolium perenne (long rotation ryegrass cv. Grasslands Ariki), Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Currie) and Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot cv. Grasslands Apanui) were mechanically cut in May, August, September-October, and November 1969, and January, March, May, and August 1970. The material from these cuts was artificially dried, and digestibilities and voluntary intakes measured using penned sheep. Overall, the digestibility and voluntary intake of white clover was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of any of the grasses, the digestibility of Apanui cocksfoot was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the ryegrasses and there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the intakes of the various grasses. Under the management system used, the digestibility of the grasses remained relatively stable over the summer, autumn and winter, rose to a peak in early spring and fell in late spring after ear emergence. The digestibility of white clover remained high over the winter and early spring and declined slowly over the summer. The voluntary intakes of all the species were at their lowest levels in the winter, rose to a peak in the spring, fell in the late spring to a stable level over the summer, and fell again in the autumn. At any digestibility level, the intake of spring-summer cut pasture was approximately 20 per cent higher than that of winter cut pasture. The intake of autumn cut pasture was intermediate. The overall relation between intake (I) and digestibility (D) was I = 1.06D + 2.7 � 8.4 (P < 0.01). Within the spring-summer cuts, the relation was I = 1.01 D + 14.6 � 4.0 (P < 0.01) and within the winter cuts it was I = 1.08D - 5.9 � 4.1 (P < 0.01).

Foraging behaviour of beef cattle in the hilly terrain of a Mediterranean grassland

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Henkin ◽  
E. D. Ungar ◽  
A. Dolev
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Full Potential

The objective of this study was to determine the role of terrain in the foraging behaviour of beef cows grazing hilly Mediterranean grasslands. The study was conducted in eastern Galilee, Israel, during 2002 and 2003 on two similar 28-ha paddocks encompassing distinct terrain types in terms of slope and rock cover. The paddocks were continuously grazed by cows from mid winter (January–February) to autumn (September) at two different stocking rates (1.1 and 0.56 cows per ha). From early June to the end of September the cows were offered poultry litter ad libitum as a supplementary feed. The location and activity of cows were monitored with GPS collars during four periods in each year: early spring (February–March), late spring (April), early summer (June) and late summer (August). Herbage mass was measured at the beginning of each of these periods. During early and late spring, when the herbage mass and nutritive value of herbage were high, the cows spent 40–50% of the day grazing, with peaks in the morning and afternoon. In the dry, late summer period (August), grazing of the herbage was 20–22% of the day, occurring only in the early morning and late afternoon with sporadic bouts of grazing until midnight. In all periods the cows tended to prefer the flattest terrain sites. As the herbage mass declined to 1000–1500 kg ha–1, the exploitation of the pasture during grazing became increasingly similar among the different terrains. Even on relatively small paddocks, where grazing pressure was close to the full potential of the site, free-ranging cows tended to prefer less sloping and rocky sites. It is concluded that the grazing strategy of beef cows is determined by the interaction between terrain, the distribution of the herbage mass and the nutritive value of the herbage. As herbage mass declines during the growing season, the distribution of grazing becomes uniform and all terrain types are exploited.

scholarly journals Productivity and composition of perennial lupin pastures in response to six sowing rates, lime application and lupin type at Glenmore Station, Lake Tekapo

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
K.M. Pollock ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Summer Grazing

This study aims to identify the sowing rate necessary to produce lupin dominant and productive pastures in the New Zealand high country under low-moderate fertility, and a regime of late spring/early summer grazing. Blue and Russell lupin were sown on 12 December 2012 at rates of 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 32 kg/ha with cocksfoot at 2 kg/ha, and ± 3 t/ha lime. Low lupin sowing rates (

scholarly journals Flight behaviour of the manuka chafers, Pyronota festiva (Fabricius) and Pyronota setosa (Given) (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae), on the flipped soils of Cape Foulwind on the West Coast of New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Richard J. Townsend ◽  
Jessica E. Dunbar ◽  
Trevor A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The West ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Sweep Net

Some species in the genus Pyronota are known to be serious pests of pasture. The establishment of new dairy pastures on recently flipped soils on Cape Foulwind, Buller provided a unique opportunity to investigate the flight behaviour and biology of Pyronota festiva and P. setosa from 2008—2012. Flight behaviour was monitored by fixed-vane interruption traps and by field observations. Adults of both species flew through late spring/early summer (Nov—Dec) of each year and seasonal flight timing was consistent between years. Pyronota festiva flight timing and duration were similar to those previously reported in the literature and were slightly female dominated. Pyronota setosa flights started one to two weeks in advance of P. festiva and were dominated by males (>95%). Female P. setosa were rarely observed flying and were rarely caught in sweep-net sampling. Pyronota setosa beetles were never observed swarming or congregating and feeding on the foliage of mānuka. These differences in flight behaviour may help to explain the field observations that P. festiva can rapidly invade new pastures while P. setosa populations appear to spread more slowly.

scholarly journals Hydrology and pollution assessment in a coastal estuarine system. The case of the Strymonikos Gulf (North Aegean Sea)

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. PAVLIDOU ◽  
I. HATZIANESTIS ◽  
E. SKLIVAGOU ◽  
V. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
V. ZERVAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
North Aegean Sea

Three hydrographic cruises were undertaken to study the hydrology and to estimate the ecological status of the coastal ecosystem of the Strymonikos Gulf (North Aegean Sea) impacted by the riverine waters of the Strymon River. Surface sediments were also collected in order to determine the levels of organic contaminants in the gulf. Three main water masses were identified in the Strymonikos Gulf throughout the year: a) the surface river plume water, b) the surface and subsurface Black Sea Water and c) the near bottom (>50 m) water of Levantine origin. High nutrient concentrations were recorded close to the mouth of the river, indicating a rather eutrophic environment, which was restricted near the river discharge. The salinity-nutrient correlations of the surface waters of the study area were linear, indicating that the riverine waters are the major source of nutrient in the gulf. DIN:P ratios varied seasonally from relatively higher values during winter and early spring to lower values in late spring-early summer. This led to a shift from likelihood P-limitation during winter and early spring to N-limitation in late spring – early summer. Total hydrocarbon concentrations measured in the sediments ranged from 19.2 to 95.9 μ g/g, whereas total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) values varied between 107.2 and 1019 ng/g. The application of different diagnostic criteria suggests a natural terrestrial origin for aliphatic hydrocarbons and pyrolytic origin for the PAHs. DDTs displayed the highest concentrations of all the organochlorines determined, whereas polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) concentrations were very low. Riverine input seems to be the major source for all the compounds identified.

EVALUATION OF CLOVERS ON SANDY COASTAL SOIL

1977 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Williams ◽  
L.B. Anderson ◽  
B.M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Winter Annual

In evaluations of clover performances on summer-dry Himatangi sandy soil, it was found that none could match lucerne over summer. Emphasis was therefore placed on production in autumn-winter- early spring when lucerne growth was slow. Evaluations of some winter annual clover species suggested that Trifolium spumosum, T. pallidum, T. resupinatum, and T. vesiculosum would justify further investigation, along with T. subterraneum which is already used in pastures on this soil type. Among the perennial clover species, Kenya white clover (7'. semipilosum) showed outstanding recovery from drought and was the only species to produce significantly in autumn. However, it failed to grow in winter-early spring. Within red clover, materials of New Zealand x Moroccan origin substantially outproduced the commercial cultivars. Within white clover, material from Israel, Italy and Lebanon, as well as progeny of a selected New Zealand plant, showed more rapid recovery from drought stress and subsequently better winter growth than New Zealand commercial material ('Grasslands Huia'). The wider use of plant material of Mediterranean origin and of plants collected in New Zealand dryland pastures is advocated in development of clover cultivars for New Zealand dryland situations.

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