scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GRASS GRUB ON THE HERBAGE PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT PASTURE SPECIES IN THE PUMICE COUNTRY

1979 ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. East ◽  
W.M. Kain ◽  
J.A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Small plot mowing trials carried out on central North Island pumice soils have shown that Huia white clover and SI70 tall fescue support high grass grub populations, while the resistant legumes Wairau lucerne and Maku Lotus pedunculayus suppress grass grub numbers to low levels. Measurement of the effects of grass grub on herbage production has highlighted both the susceptibility of white clover, Nui and Ruanui ryegrasses, and browntop to grass grub attack, and the potential of highly productive resistant or tolerant specres (lucerne, tall fescue and to a lesser extent Apanui cocksfoot and Matua prairie grass) for lessening the impact of grass grub on pasture production in this region.

scholarly journals Grass grub tolerant pastures and fertiliser nitrogen as an alternative to white clover in pasture subject to grass grub attack

1990 ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Average Annual Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effect of replacing white clover with fertiliser nitrogen (N) on dry matter production and grass grub populations in 'Grasslands Roa' tell fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), 'Grasslands Mat-u' phalaris (Phalutis aquatica L.), 'Grasslands Kara' cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), 'Grasslands Mama' prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) and 'old' (30 year plus) ryegrass was measured over a 2 year period. For all pastures the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N significantly reduced grass grub numbers. This was greatest in tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot, showing that pure swards of these species were resistant to grass grub. Decreases in grass grub numbers in ryegrass and prairie grass were less. There was overall a significant increase in pasture production by eliminating white clover and applying fertiliser N, with a differential response between species. Average annual production of prairie grass was unaffected, whereas the yield of cocksfoot increased by 9 % and old ryegrass, phalaris and tall fescue increased by 26 % . Most of this extra production for tall fescue and phalaris occurred in autumn. These results show that the use of tall fescue and phalaris and the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N has potential for increasing pasture production in districts subject to grass damage. Keywords old ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Kara cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, white clover, grass grub, nitrogen fertiliser

AN EVALUATION OF PAWERA RED CLOVER WITH PERENNIAL GRASSES IN A SUMMER-DRY ENVIRONMENT

1983 ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J.M. Hay ◽  
D.L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Prairie Grass

Five grasses (Nui ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Matua prairie grass, Maru phalaris and experimental cocksfoot selection K1858) were sown in mixtures with Pawera tetraploid red clover and compared with a pure sward of Pawera and with a Ruanui ryegrass/Huia white clover control. Yields were taken when mean herbage height was 18 cm by cutting quadrats to 4 cm. Sufficient sheep were used to graze herbage in 48 hours on a 'Cafeteria' basis. Matua, the most rapidly establishing grass, yielded 900 kg DM/ha of sown grass at the first grazing, 4 to 6 times more than cocksfoot. Roa and Ruanui, and 30% more than Nui and Maru. During the next two years, the Matua/Pawera mixture outyielded other mixtures, with most of its superiority evident in the summer and winter. All mixtures outyielded Ruanui/Huia over the same period.The grasses evaluated varied in their compatability with Pawera, the more aggressive the grass the greater the suppression of DM yield of Pawera in the mixture. However, even the most aggressive grass mixture yielded more legume at each grazing than did the Ruanui/Huia pasture. The place of Matua, Nui and Pawera as useful varieties in this summer dry environment are discussed. Keywords: Pawera red clover, Nui ryegrass, Matua prairie grass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, K1858 cocksfoot, Ruanui ryegrass, Huia white clover, grazing,summer dry environment, Northern Southland.

scholarly journals Nodule damage by clover root weevil larvae in white clover swards

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
The Impact

The impact of clover root weevil larval populations was assessed in pure swards of Grasslands Prestige and Grasslands Kopu white clover in a small plot trial Nodule damage was very evident and both cultivars showed significant increases in nodule damage and decreases in percent foliar nitrogen in November in response to increasing winter larval numbers Dry matter production of Kopu in November was related to foliar nitrogen levels

scholarly journals Economics of drought-tolerant pastures for cattle finishing on Hawkes Bay and Wairarapa hill country farms

1993 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Korte ◽  
A.P. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beef Prices

Planting drought-tolerant pastures (tall fescue, chicory, prairie grass) is one option Hawkes Bay/ Wairarapa farmers can use to reduce the impact of drought. To evaluate this strategy two hill country sheep/beef farm models were established and entered in HerdEcon, a bioeconomics computer model. Using the two farm models, three comparisons were made: (1) base farm (no alternative pasture), (2) alternative pasture planted on 5% or 10% of grazable area, and (3) same as 2, with changes in cattle selling policy. Models were run for a 19-year sequence based on pasture growth for Hawkes Bay, and with a range of beef prices and pasture renewal costs. Drought-tolerant pastures increased the financial returns from both farm models, provided that livestock policies allowed increases in pasture quality and summer pasture growth to be captured by increased beef production. Lower pasture establishment costs and improved persistence would significantly improve profitability from drought-tolerant pastures. Keywords cattle, dryland pastures, economics

scholarly journals Performance of new pasture cultivars in a hill country finishing system

1990 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Webby ◽  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
C.J. Boom
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Current Returns ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Made In

On 6 of a set of 12 self-contained experimental farmlets, improved pasture cultivars 'Ellett' ryegrass, 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Tahora' white clover, Whatawhata Early Flowering' white clover, 'Mount Barker' sub clover, 'Tallarook sub clover, 'Grasslands Mama prairie grass, 'Grasslands Pitau white clover and 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover were successfully established in 1986. Measurements began May 1987. Results presented to May 1989 include pasture production, animal production and financial returns. Matua prairie grass failed to persist beyond spring 1988 but clovers including Pawera and Pitau in these pastures increased summer production in 1989. In summer 1989 the improved steep pastures produced 8 kg DM/ha/day more feed than the resident pastures, with most of this increase owing to Wana cocksfoot. Lamb numbers and lamb weight gains were greater with improved pastures. Bulls were priority finishing animals and their weights were insensitive to pasture treatment. Current returns from this experiment show little to justify the investment made in introducing new cultivars into existing developed hill pastures. Keywords pasture cultivars, hill country, finishing systems, pasture improvement

scholarly journals The impact of farming without nitrogen fertiliser for ten years on pasture yield and composition, milksolids production and profitability; a research farmlet comparison

2013 ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Glassey ◽  
C.G. Roach ◽  
J.M. Lee ◽  
D.A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pasture Yield

Two experimental farmlets were established in the 2001/02 season and run continuously to 2010/11, comparing the impact of two nitrogen (N) fertiliser systems on milksolids (MS) production, profitability and the yield and composition of ryegrass-white clover pastures. Treatments were: 1) No-N. No N fertiliser applied, stocking rate 2.56 cow equivalents/ha (including replacements); 2) Control. Average of 181 kg N/ha/year applied as urea, stocking rate 3.06 cows/ ha (replacements grazed off farm). Annual pasture production was, on average, 2.9 t DM/ha greater on the Control farmlet compared with the No-N farmlet (P

Difference in yield and persistence among perennial forages used by the dairy industry under optimum and deficit irrigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Neal ◽  
W. J. Fulkerson ◽  
R. Lawrie ◽  
I. M. Barchia
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Prairie Grass

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the dominant forage grazed by dairy cows in Australia; however, poor persistence has led to an increasing interest in alternative forages. This study was conducted to identify more productive and/or persistent perennial forage species than perennial ryegrass. We evaluated 15 perennial forages under optimum irrigation (I1) and 2 nominated deficit irrigation (I2, 66% of irrigation water applied to I1; I3, 33% of irrigation water applied to I1) regimes, over 3 years at Camden, NSW (34°3′S, 150°39′E), on a brown Dermosol in a warm temperate climate. The forages were: perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), prairie grass (Bromus catharticus M. Vahl), tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub), kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex. chiov.), paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.), sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), and plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.). Under non-limiting conditions of water and fertility, tall fescue, kikuyu, and prairie grass had the highest mean annual yield over the 3 years of this experiment (24.8–25.5 t dry matter (DM)/ha), which was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than perennial ryegrass (21.1 t DM/ha). Kikuyu was significantly higher than all forages under the extreme I3 deficit irrigation treatment, with mean annual yields of 17.0 t DM/ha. In contrast, the mean yield of white clover was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than of any other forage at only 5.0 t DM/ha, a 70% decline in yield compared with I1. Lucerne was the most tolerant species to deficit irrigation, with a mean annual yield decline (P < 0.05) between the I1 and I3 treatment of only 22%. This study has shown that there are large differences in the relative yield potential of forages and, importantly, indicates the possibility of increasing yield of perennial forages by at least 2-fold on commercial farms, by improving water, and fertiliser management. However, while yield is an important criterion for choosing dairy forages, it is only one factor in a complex system, and choice of forages must be considered on a whole-farm basis and include water-use efficiency, nutritive value, costs of production, and risk.

Productivity of rotationally grazed simple and diverse pasture mixtures under irrigation in Canterbury

2013 ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nobilly ◽  
R.H. Bryant ◽  
B.A. Mckenzie ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Second Year

Herbage dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition and nutritive value were compared over 2 years under irrigation and dairy cow grazing for simple two-species grass (perennial ryegrass or tall fescue)- white clover pastures and diverse pastures where herbs (chicory and plantain), legumes (red clover and lucerne) and prairie grass were added to the simple mixtures. Averaged over 2 years, annual herbage DM production was 1.62 t DM/ha greater in diverse (16.77 t DM/ ha) than simple (15.15 t DM/ha) pastures, primarily reflecting greater DM production in summer. Diverse pastures had lower metabolisable energy (ME) (12.0 vs 12.2 MJ ME/kg DM) and neutral detergent fibre (301 vs 368 g/kg DM) content than simple pastures, although the total ME produced per year was greater in diverse than simple pastures (202 vs 185 GJ ME/ha). Ryegrassbased pastures had higher annual DM production than tall fescue-based pastures in the first but not second year. The results indicate that including additional legumes and herbs with simple grass-white clover pastures may increase total DM and ME production of dairy pastures under irrigation. Keywords: Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea, herbs, legumes, pasture mixtures, diversity, nutritive value

AN EVALUATION OF GRASSLANDS ROA TALL FESCUE AND GRASSLANDS MARU PHALARIS FOR DAIRYING

1988 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
J.F. Lagan ◽  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
R. Prestidge
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Clover Pasture

The Suitability of Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festura arundinacea Scherb) and Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L) for dairying in a grass grub prone environment was evaluated. Pasture growth studies (1961-1984) showed Roa and Maru to produce 16% more drymatter (DM) than ryegrass but the seasonality of growth differed. Roa was more productive in spring and Maru in late-autumn and early winter. The increased tolerance to grass grub and greater DM production suggested that these grasses may be more suitable to dairying than ryegrass. Since 1964 dairy production has been compared from two pasture systems; one comprising 66% Roa/white clover and 33% Maru/white clover and the other a 30 year old ryegrass/white clover pasture, each stocked at 3.7 and 4.3 cows/ha. Results from the farmlet study highlighted the superiority of DM production from Roa and Maru pastures but total milkfat production was similar lrrespecivwe of pasture type or stocking rate. Roa/Maru pastures produced more milkfat in autumn, but this only compensated for less producton over summer. The present work highlights the danger that herbage production data may not accurately predict animal productivity Keywords: Dairy production, ryegrass, pasture production, pasture composition, sodium levels

scholarly journals Pasture nematodes: the major scourge of white clover

2000 ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Watson ◽  
C.F. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This paper reviews current research within AgResearch to reduce the impact of plant-feeding nematodes. Plant-feeding nematodes reduce pasture production by around 15% annually, mainly through their effect on white clover. Nematicide application increases clover yields in pasture by an average 40% and N-fixation levels by over 50%. The problem occurs nationally. When pasture nematode burdens are reduced in established or newly sown ryegrass-white clover pasture, white clover can generally assume dominance during periods of active plant growth. The impact of clover nematodes in reducing nitrogen inputs and forage quality is estimated to exceed $1 billion annually in lost production potential. A gain of 1% in clover performance applied nationally is estimated to be worth up to $48 million. The research programme on pasture nematodes conducted within AgResearch has included evaluation of management practices that may reduce nematode impacts, selection of white clover seedlines for resistance or tolerance to nematodes, and identification of agents for biological control of nematodes within New Zealand pastures. Keywords: clover nematodes, Heterodera trifolii, impacts, Meloidogyne trifoliophila, M. hapla, Pratylenchus spp., Trifolium repens

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