AN EVALUATION OF GRASSLANDS ROA TALL FESCUE AND GRASSLANDS MARU PHALARIS FOR DAIRYING

1988 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
J.F. Lagan ◽  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
R. Prestidge
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Clover Pasture

The Suitability of Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festura arundinacea Scherb) and Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L) for dairying in a grass grub prone environment was evaluated. Pasture growth studies (1961-1984) showed Roa and Maru to produce 16% more drymatter (DM) than ryegrass but the seasonality of growth differed. Roa was more productive in spring and Maru in late-autumn and early winter. The increased tolerance to grass grub and greater DM production suggested that these grasses may be more suitable to dairying than ryegrass. Since 1964 dairy production has been compared from two pasture systems; one comprising 66% Roa/white clover and 33% Maru/white clover and the other a 30 year old ryegrass/white clover pasture, each stocked at 3.7 and 4.3 cows/ha. Results from the farmlet study highlighted the superiority of DM production from Roa and Maru pastures but total milkfat production was similar lrrespecivwe of pasture type or stocking rate. Roa/Maru pastures produced more milkfat in autumn, but this only compensated for less producton over summer. The present work highlights the danger that herbage production data may not accurately predict animal productivity Keywords: Dairy production, ryegrass, pasture production, pasture composition, sodium levels

scholarly journals Caucasian clover/ryegrass produced more legume than white clover/ryegrass pastures in a grazed comparison

2000 ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Black ◽  
K.M. Pollock ◽  
R.J. Lucas ◽  
J.M. Amyes ◽  
D.B. Pownall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
P Values ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Clover Pasture

The potential of caucasian clover to improve the legume content of lowland New Zealand pastures should result in enhanced animal performance. Liveweight gains from eight flocks of ewe lambs rotationally grazing irrigated ryegrass pasture with caucasian or white clover at two levels of soil fertility (Olsen P values 10 or 22) were compared during years 2 (1998/1999) and 3 (1999/2000) of an ongoing grazing experiment in a lowland environment. Clovers were sown in December 1996 and ryegrass in March 1997 into the pure clover swards. Lamb liveweight gains were similar in year 2 (1130 kg/ha/yr), but in year 3, gains were greater on pastures sown with caucasian than on those sown with white clover (1290 vs. 1110 kg/ ha/yr). Spring liveweight gains per head per day averaged 170 g/hd/d in year 2, and in year 3 were greater from caucasian than white clover pasture (180 vs. 160 g/hd/d). Caucasian clover pastures had more legume on offer than pastures sown with white clover in year 2 (26% vs. 17%) and year 3 (19% vs. 12%). In year 3, 39% of the total legume on offer in caucasian clover pastures was volunteer white clover. Soil fertility had little influence on results. Early years of this grazing experiment showed that caucasian clover can establish as well as white clover if sown alone, and that sowing caucasian clover can result in lowland pastures with an increased total legume content which may improve liveweight gains. Keywords: legume content, Lolium perenne, pasture production, sheep liveweight gain, Trifolium ambiguum, T. repens

Effects of pasture species mixture, management, and environment on the productivity and persistence of dairy pastures in south-west Victoria. 1. Herbage accumulation and seasonal growth pattern

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. N. Nie ◽  
D. F. Chapman ◽  
J. Tharmaraj ◽  
R. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
South West ◽  
Species Mixture

An experiment was conducted on 2 contrasting soil types for 4 years (1998–2001) to determine the effects of plant species mixture, management inputs, and environment on sown species herbage accumulation (SSHA) and seasonal growth pattern of pastures for dairy production. Five pasture types, combined with 3 management treatments, were established in south-west Victoria. Three of the pasture types were based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). One pasture type included short-term, winter- or summer-active species in the perennial ryegrass–white clover mixture. The final pasture type was based on the perennial grasses cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.). The 3 management treatments involved different levels of fertiliser input and weed/pest control. Pasture type had a significant impact on SSHA in 3 of 4 years. In the first year, the mixture based on cocksfoot, tall fescue, and phalaris had the lowest SSHA, but this pasture matched other types from 1999 onwards and yielded the highest in 2000, the year with the driest summer during the experiment. Ryegrass–white clover mixture based on old cultivars had generally lower SSHA than the other types except in the first year. Higher fertiliser inputs increased SSHA by 16–28% in 1998, 1999, and 2001. There was a significant site × pasture type interaction on SSHA in 2000. The mixture based on cocksfoot, tall fescue, and phalaris produced up to 1–2 t DM/ha.year more than the other types in summer and autumn in dry–normal years. The inclusion of short-term species, or more stoloniferous white clover cultivars, in the ryegrass–white clover mixture, had little effect on SSHA, or on the seasonal distribution of pasture growth. Pastures based on perennial grasses other than perennial ryegrass appear to have potential for altering the seasonality of pasture growth in south-west Victoria, although the benefits resulting from changing pasture type will depend on environment. Overall, increasing management inputs usually had a greater effect on SSHA than changing pasture type, but management responses were also affected by environment, particularly through the effects of a dry season on a sandy soil type.

scholarly journals NEW ZEALAND PERENNIAL, RYEGRASS CULTIVARS IN MID-CANTERBURY

1979 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
J.M. Hayman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The perennial ryegrass cultivars 'Grasslands Ruanui', 'Grasslands Ariki' and 'Grasslands Nui' were sown with clover and compared at three levels of irrigation under rotational grazing with sheep. Ryegrass cultivar had little effect on total annual pasture production, although Nui pastures produced more total DM in autumn and winter. Nui was the most persistent cultivar and produced substantially more ryegrass than the orhers (6.1 t/ha, compared with 4.1 t/ha for Ruanui and 3.3 t/ha for Ariki) . Nui pastures produced less white clover, volunteer grasses and weeds. When grazed at the same stocking rate, sheep liveweight gain was similar regardless of ryegrass cultivar.

scholarly journals An evaluation of tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot in mixes as an alternative to single-species pastures

1994 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
R.J. Johnson ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
T.G. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Seasonal and annual dry matter production of ryegrass was compared with drought- and grass grub-tolerant species Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) as both single species and different combinations of mixes in two trials from 1982 to 1991. In trial 1, Nui ryegrass (damaged by Argentine stem weevil) produced significantly less than cocksfoot, phalaris and mixtures of the drought-tolerant grasses. Yatsyn-1 ryegrass in trial 2 was not subjected to stem weevil attack and the annual dry matter production was significantly higher than that of tall fescue and, although not significantly, higher than that of phalaris and cocksfoot. In both trials the highest producing mixture was the phalaris/ cocksfoot mix with the exception of the triple mix of phalaris/cocksfoot/tall fescue in trial 2. The phalaris/cocksfoot mix produced significantly more than phalaris as a single species and although not significant, 14% more than cocksfoot suggesting these species are complementary in a mix. The triple mix in trial 2 produced significantly more than all single species except ryegrass. Mixes of srgnificant. tall fescue/phalaris and tall fescue/cocksfoot had no advantage in DM production over single-species sowings of phalaris or cocksfoot, but improved yields over tall fescue. These results show possible complementary effects to sowing phalaris and cocksfoot. The addition of tall fescue to the mix had small and non-significant benefits. Keywords: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Loliumperenne, Phalaris aquatica. grass grub, pasture mixes, pasture production, single species, summer dry spells

scholarly journals Grass grub tolerant pastures and fertiliser nitrogen as an alternative to white clover in pasture subject to grass grub attack

1990 ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Average Annual Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effect of replacing white clover with fertiliser nitrogen (N) on dry matter production and grass grub populations in 'Grasslands Roa' tell fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), 'Grasslands Mat-u' phalaris (Phalutis aquatica L.), 'Grasslands Kara' cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), 'Grasslands Mama' prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) and 'old' (30 year plus) ryegrass was measured over a 2 year period. For all pastures the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N significantly reduced grass grub numbers. This was greatest in tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot, showing that pure swards of these species were resistant to grass grub. Decreases in grass grub numbers in ryegrass and prairie grass were less. There was overall a significant increase in pasture production by eliminating white clover and applying fertiliser N, with a differential response between species. Average annual production of prairie grass was unaffected, whereas the yield of cocksfoot increased by 9 % and old ryegrass, phalaris and tall fescue increased by 26 % . Most of this extra production for tall fescue and phalaris occurred in autumn. These results show that the use of tall fescue and phalaris and the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N has potential for increasing pasture production in districts subject to grass damage. Keywords old ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Kara cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, white clover, grass grub, nitrogen fertiliser

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF RESTRICTING OR STOPPING FERTILISER APPLICATION TO WAIKATO DAIRY PASTURES

1988 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
C. Feyter ◽  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
R.J. Fris ◽  
B. Addison
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Electronic Probe ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Visual Assessments

Waikato dary pastures were developed through large inputs of superphosphate and potassium chloride. Many farmers have continued to apply similarly large amounts of fertiliser in post-development situations. Trials to study the effects on the production of dairy pastures to restricting or stopping fertiliser application were started in 1978 and have continued to the present. The tria1s were conducted on 6 commercial dairy farms throughout the Waikato region selected for high milkfat production and past fertiliser applications. Each trlal included 3 fertiliser treatments: 1000, 500 and 0 kg fertiliser (30% potassic superphosphate)/ha/year. Pasture production was estimated through a trimming technique designed to cause minimal interference with management and use of the experimental paddock by the farmer and in later years through calibrated visual assessments and electronic probe readings of pasture dry matter. Pastures receiving 500 kg fertiliser/ha/year produced on average 2.5% less over an 8 year period than pastures receiving 1,000 kg fertiliser. Applying no fertiliser caused a slow reduction in pasture production in 3 of the trials but an immediate reduction of more than 10% in the other three trials. The latter effect could be partly explained by low soil test levels and high stocking rate. Keywords: Yellow-brown loams, gley soils, maintenance fertiliser, phosphorus, potassium.

scholarly journals STUBBLE MANAGEMENT OF HAY AFTERMATH

1984 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
M.L. Smetham
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Clover Pasture ◽  
Lincoln College

Possible management strategies for areas of stubble left after hay had been harvested from a ryegrass/white clover pasture were studied in a trial on an irrigated Wakanui silt loam at Lincoln College, Canterbury. Following a hay crop cut in late December, the stubble was either trimmed to 2 cm (920 kg DM/ha) or left intact at 8-12 cm (2200 kg DM/ha) and spelled for either four or eight weeks. Subsequent regrowth herbage yield, botanical composition and digestibility were measured. The highest live herbage mass of 5380 kg DM/ha resulted from leaving the stubble intact and cutting the regrowth at four weekly intervals. The other treatments gave herbage masses from 4120 kg DM/ha to 4350 kg DM/ha but did not significantly differ from one another. However while 1220 and 1650 kg DM/ha of dead material was present in the "stubble intact" treatments, only 470 and 880 kg DM/ha occurred where the stubble was trimmed to 2 cm. The amount of dead material was the main determinant of overall digestibility, as the digestibility of the green herbage was similar (79-80%) for all treatments. As a result of differing amounts of dead material therefore, the herbage mass from trimmed stubble was from 4 to 10% higher in digestibility than that from the stubble left intact treatment. Clover proportion was high throughout the treatments, ranging from 50% in the long spelled treatment to 70% in the short spelled treatment. The results of this trial suggest that hay stubble should be left intact but regrowth should be closely defoliated after four weeks to maximise production and return the sward to a leafy state as quickly as possible.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GRASS GRUB ON THE HERBAGE PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT PASTURE SPECIES IN THE PUMICE COUNTRY

1979 ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. East ◽  
W.M. Kain ◽  
J.A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Small plot mowing trials carried out on central North Island pumice soils have shown that Huia white clover and SI70 tall fescue support high grass grub populations, while the resistant legumes Wairau lucerne and Maku Lotus pedunculayus suppress grass grub numbers to low levels. Measurement of the effects of grass grub on herbage production has highlighted both the susceptibility of white clover, Nui and Ruanui ryegrasses, and browntop to grass grub attack, and the potential of highly productive resistant or tolerant specres (lucerne, tall fescue and to a lesser extent Apanui cocksfoot and Matua prairie grass) for lessening the impact of grass grub on pasture production in this region.

Bloat incidence and liveweight gain in beef cattle on pastures containing different proportions of white clover (Trifolium repens)

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Wolfe ◽  
A Lazenby
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Clover Pasture

During the spring of both 1968 and 1969 three phalaris-white clover pasture types, differing in botanical composition from clover-dominant to grass-dominant, were grazed by beef cattle. The cattle were scored twice a day for bloat incidence and severity and were weighed each month. No cattle died from bloat or any other cause. Of the 289 moderate and severe cases of bloat observed during the experiment, 221 occurred on the high clover pasture type (60-80 per cent white clover) ; comparable figures on the medium clover (30-50 per cent white clover) and low clover (15-25 per cent white clover) pasture types were 58 and 10 respectively. In addition to the greater incidence of bloat, liveweight gains on the highest clover pasture were 20-30 per cent lower than on the the other two pasture types in both years. The digestibility and availability of the herbage on the clover-dominant pasture equalled or exceeded that of pastures containing <50 per cent white clover ; reduced liveweight gains were attributed to a depressive effect of bloat on herbage intake.

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