scholarly journals Performance of new pasture cultivars in a hill country finishing system

1990 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Webby ◽  
G.W. Sheath ◽  
C.J. Boom
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Current Returns ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Made In

On 6 of a set of 12 self-contained experimental farmlets, improved pasture cultivars 'Ellett' ryegrass, 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot, 'Grasslands Tahora' white clover, Whatawhata Early Flowering' white clover, 'Mount Barker' sub clover, 'Tallarook sub clover, 'Grasslands Mama prairie grass, 'Grasslands Pitau white clover and 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover were successfully established in 1986. Measurements began May 1987. Results presented to May 1989 include pasture production, animal production and financial returns. Matua prairie grass failed to persist beyond spring 1988 but clovers including Pawera and Pitau in these pastures increased summer production in 1989. In summer 1989 the improved steep pastures produced 8 kg DM/ha/day more feed than the resident pastures, with most of this increase owing to Wana cocksfoot. Lamb numbers and lamb weight gains were greater with improved pastures. Bulls were priority finishing animals and their weights were insensitive to pasture treatment. Current returns from this experiment show little to justify the investment made in introducing new cultivars into existing developed hill pastures. Keywords pasture cultivars, hill country, finishing systems, pasture improvement

THE PERFORMANCE OF 'GRASSLANDS MATUA' PRAIRIE GRASS IN THE SOUTHERN NORTH ISLAND

1977 ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
G.J.Rys I.M. Ritchie ◽  
R.G. Smith ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
G. Crouchley ◽  
W. Stiefel
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Prairie Grass

The performance of 'Grasslands Matua' prairie grass (Bromus catharticus) was compared with perennial ryegrasses under mowing or grazing in three trials conducted in the southern North Island. Production of Matua under mowing at Flock House and Waimate West was 13% and 19% greater than G.4708 and Nui ryegrass, respectively, with the extra production contributed in summer and winter. At Masterton no difference between Matua and Ariki ryegrass production occurred under grazing. A 31% increase in annual production was recorded for both Matua and G.4708 swards receiving N, compared with those sown with white clover, with the annual yield of G.4708 receiving N similar to Matua receiving no N. Less frequent defoliation increased production of Matua swards by 17% and the Matua component by 38%. Production of Nui in comparison with Matua swards was 14% lower under frequent and 9% lower under infrequent defoliation. Similar production was recorded from red clover under frequent, and infrequent defoliation for both Nui and Matua swards. A 48% lower yield of white clover occurred under infrequent defoliation of Matua swards. At Masterton a higher incidence of goitre in newborn lambs, accompanied by a 12% lower lamb liveweight at weaning, occurred on Matua- compared with Ariki-based swards. Aspects of seasonal production, fertility response, management, and animal health are discussed.

MANAGEMENT OF NEW CULTIVARS FOR DRYLAND

1983 ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Lancashire ◽  
J.L. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
New Cultivars

Some characteristics of seed quality, establishment rates, performance in mixtures and response to grazing management of 5 new pasture plants with potential in dryland are described. On a dry hill country site in the Wairarapa, the contribution of the sown grasses established in separate plots with clovers under rotational grazing was 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot 65%; 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris 23%; 'Grasslands Matua' prairie grass 22%; and 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue 13% after 2 years. The other main grass species was resident perennial ryegrass which established from buried seed (ca. 240 plants/m*) and had a major impact on the establishment and growth of the sown grasses. On a seasonally dry Manawatu flat land soil 3 grazing managementsviz. set stocked all year (S); rotational all year (R); and combination (Cl (set stocked from lambing to drafting and rotational for the remainder of the year) were applied to mixtures of the new cultivars (except that 'Grasslands Apanui' cocksfoot replaced Wana) with ryegrass and white clover stocked at 20 sheep/ha. After 3 years the contribution of the new cultivars was negligible under S and ryegrass was dominant. The R pastures became cocksfoot dominant and Matua (in winter) and chicory (in summer) contributed more than in the S system. The C system produced the most evenly balanced species contribution with only Roa remaining at (5%. A sub-trial with cocksfoot cultivars demonstrated that Wana maintained better production and tiller density ~ll,000/m2 ) than Apanui (1000/m' ) under set stocking IS). Although some of the new cultivars will require specialised management procedures to fulfil their potential in dryland, the increasing and widespread use of Matua prairie grass in farming suggests that these techniques can be adopted in commercial agriculture provided good technical information is available in a management package when the cultivar is released. Keywords: Dryland, grazing management, mixtures, Matua prairie grass, Wana cocksfoot, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Chicory

Revegetation of erosion scars in Wairarapa hill country

1993 ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Lambert ◽  
N.A. Trustrum ◽  
D.A. Costall ◽  
A.G. Foote
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus

revegetation of erosion scars, 3 fertiliser and 3 seeding treatments were applied to plots on 8 recent scars in the Wairarapa, half each on northerly or southerly aspects. Four scars were grazed, and 4 were not grazed for the first 2% years. Fertiliser treatments were no fertiliser, superphosphate, and superphosphate plus nitrogen. Seedin.g treatments were no seed, a slowestablishing mixture, and a fast-establishing mixture. Changes in vegetative cover were monitored during years 0 to 2l/, and pasture production during years 3% to 5%. Conclusions include: rate of recovery of pastures can be greatly increased by not grazing for 2-3 years and sowing white clover and Lotus pedunculatus; spaceplanting hill slopes with suitable tree species could be accomplished at the same time; if slips are not spelled from grazing, rate of slip revegetation and subsequent productivity from oversowing white clover can be reduced. Keywords: erosion, fencing, fertiliser, hill pastures, oversowing, production, revegetation, slips

Comparison of a herbal ley with a ryegrass-white clover pasture and pure ryegrass sward receiving fertiliser nitrogen

1991 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Ruz-Jerez ◽  
P.Roger Ball ◽  
R.E. White ◽  
P.E.H. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Intensive System

This paper compares a herbal ley (of particular interest to farmers involved in the 'organic' branch of agriculture) with a conventional pasture (ryegrass-white clover) and a more intensive system (pure ryegrass receiving 400 kg fertiliser N/ha/yr) in a study lasting 2 years. The herbal ley seeds mixture was prepared following the pioneering ideas of Robert Elliot in his "Clifton ~~ ~~~~~Park"mixture,-whichbasically-included~a-group of 'non-aggressive' grasses, forage legumes and herbs. Pasture production (average of 2 years) from Herbal ley was 15 t DM/ha/yr, representing approximately 90% of the yield from the intensively managed pure ryegrass pasture receiving 400 kg N/ ha&r and some 2530% more than from ryegrassclover. A major feature of the herbal ley was substantialproductionduringlate.springandsummer, when chicory (the most dominant herb), and red clover and white clover made a major contribution to herbage yield. In winter the total yield was similar tothatI?omthegrass-cloverpasture.L.egumecontent was 23 and 3 1% (averaged over the year) for Grassclover and Herbal ley pastures respectively. In spite of this difference, symbiotic N fixation was similar. So fixation efficiency on a legume yield basis was 50.3 and 3 1.6 kg N fixed/t legume DM harvested, respectively. These results could reflect a different pattern of utilisation of soil N, as a consequence of the different botanical composition of the swards. In summary, the performance of the herbal ley offers the promise of an alternative, 'specialist' pasture and would be highly beneficial if quality feed is required in summer. Keywords herbal ley, biological fertility, nitrogen, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, pasture mixtures

AN EVALUATION OF PAWERA RED CLOVER WITH PERENNIAL GRASSES IN A SUMMER-DRY ENVIRONMENT

1983 ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J.M. Hay ◽  
D.L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Prairie Grass

Five grasses (Nui ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Matua prairie grass, Maru phalaris and experimental cocksfoot selection K1858) were sown in mixtures with Pawera tetraploid red clover and compared with a pure sward of Pawera and with a Ruanui ryegrass/Huia white clover control. Yields were taken when mean herbage height was 18 cm by cutting quadrats to 4 cm. Sufficient sheep were used to graze herbage in 48 hours on a 'Cafeteria' basis. Matua, the most rapidly establishing grass, yielded 900 kg DM/ha of sown grass at the first grazing, 4 to 6 times more than cocksfoot. Roa and Ruanui, and 30% more than Nui and Maru. During the next two years, the Matua/Pawera mixture outyielded other mixtures, with most of its superiority evident in the summer and winter. All mixtures outyielded Ruanui/Huia over the same period.The grasses evaluated varied in their compatability with Pawera, the more aggressive the grass the greater the suppression of DM yield of Pawera in the mixture. However, even the most aggressive grass mixture yielded more legume at each grazing than did the Ruanui/Huia pasture. The place of Matua, Nui and Pawera as useful varieties in this summer dry environment are discussed. Keywords: Pawera red clover, Nui ryegrass, Matua prairie grass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, K1858 cocksfoot, Ruanui ryegrass, Huia white clover, grazing,summer dry environment, Northern Southland.

The effect of lime and phosphate on soils and sown species in the Falkland Islands

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Improved Pasture

SUMMARYExperiments to determine the effects of a range of applied lime and phosphate treatments on the establishment of species and the subsequent herbage production in the first and second seasons following sowing on four sites in the Falkland Islands are described and the results discussed.Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis established, successfully yielding up to 4·5 t D.M./ha per year with inputs of 55 kg N, 50 kg P and 20 kg K/ha. Applied P increased the yield of herbage and produced a small, though significant, increase in P status of the soil.The lowest level of applied lime (0·63 t/ha) increased the soil pH to 5·0 and although this did not affect the yield or botanical composition of the grass component of the sward it did affect the presence and nodulation of white clover.The problems of establishing white clover are presented in view of the severe limitations on the use of lime and fertilizer in the Islands. The implications of grazing this improved pasture are discussed in relation to increased pasture production and improved soil fertility.

scholarly journals Grass grub tolerant pastures and fertiliser nitrogen as an alternative to white clover in pasture subject to grass grub attack

1990 ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Average Annual Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effect of replacing white clover with fertiliser nitrogen (N) on dry matter production and grass grub populations in 'Grasslands Roa' tell fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), 'Grasslands Mat-u' phalaris (Phalutis aquatica L.), 'Grasslands Kara' cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), 'Grasslands Mama' prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) and 'old' (30 year plus) ryegrass was measured over a 2 year period. For all pastures the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N significantly reduced grass grub numbers. This was greatest in tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot, showing that pure swards of these species were resistant to grass grub. Decreases in grass grub numbers in ryegrass and prairie grass were less. There was overall a significant increase in pasture production by eliminating white clover and applying fertiliser N, with a differential response between species. Average annual production of prairie grass was unaffected, whereas the yield of cocksfoot increased by 9 % and old ryegrass, phalaris and tall fescue increased by 26 % . Most of this extra production for tall fescue and phalaris occurred in autumn. These results show that the use of tall fescue and phalaris and the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N has potential for increasing pasture production in districts subject to grass damage. Keywords old ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Kara cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, white clover, grass grub, nitrogen fertiliser

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF OVERSOWN WHITE CLOVER ON UNIMPROVED NORTH AUCKLAND CLAY HILL COUNTRY

1967 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
G.J. Goold ◽  
T.E. Ludecke ◽  
J.N. Pari
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Available Phosphate

IN NORTH AUCKLAND, as is the case in all other areas of New Zealand, the key to pasture improvement lies in the introduction of legumes. Almost invariably poor pasture production is associated with poor clover growth. Contributing factors to poor clover establishment and growth are low amounts of available phosphate, potassium, molybdenum and sulphur, acid soil conditions and ineffective nodulation. This paper is concerned with the germination and establishment of white clover on unimproved North Auckland clay hill country. White clover establishment has been investigated on the soils of two northern yellow-brown earth soil suites, namely, the Marua suite from greywacke parent material and the Waiotira suite, from massive sandstone. These soils have been described by Taylor and Sutherland (1953) and are shown in their order of leaching in Tables 1 and 5, respectively.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GRASS GRUB ON THE HERBAGE PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT PASTURE SPECIES IN THE PUMICE COUNTRY

1979 ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. East ◽  
W.M. Kain ◽  
J.A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact

Small plot mowing trials carried out on central North Island pumice soils have shown that Huia white clover and SI70 tall fescue support high grass grub populations, while the resistant legumes Wairau lucerne and Maku Lotus pedunculayus suppress grass grub numbers to low levels. Measurement of the effects of grass grub on herbage production has highlighted both the susceptibility of white clover, Nui and Ruanui ryegrasses, and browntop to grass grub attack, and the potential of highly productive resistant or tolerant specres (lucerne, tall fescue and to a lesser extent Apanui cocksfoot and Matua prairie grass) for lessening the impact of grass grub on pasture production in this region.

PASTURE STRATEGIES FOR DAIRY BEEF PRODUCTION

1988 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
G.P. Cosgrove ◽  
R.W. Brougham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Summer Pasture

Improved pasture species, irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer options for increasing pasture growth rate during inter and Summer have been evaluated in growth rate and annual production of young Friesian bulls. Effective increases in Summer pasture production have been obtained from the use of irrigation, Pawera red clover, Matua prairie grass and particularly a combination of irrigation and Matua, Nitrogen fertilizer, Matua and carryover effects of irrigation have increased cool Season pasture growth rates. Liveweight gains reflect these increases except on Matua pastures where poor growth rate of calves occurs durmg summer. The negative effects of the different pasture treatments on Spring liveweight gain are attributed partly to the effects of compensatory growth in bulls but also to treatment effects which reduce pasture growth rate during this season. For this reason the most effective gains are made by 15-18 month old bulls during summer. Pasture species and pasture mixtures react differently to applications of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer. The most appropriate Strategies and combinations are discussed

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