THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSE OF DROP JUMPING ON SYMPTOMS OF MUSCLE DAMAGE

Background. The aim of this study was to follow symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage in response to 50, 100 and 200 drop jumps with maximal intensity. Methods. Three groups of young healthy men (n = 10 in each group) performed a bout of mechanically demanding stretch shortening cycle exercise consisting of 50, 100 and 200 drop jumps. Voluntary and electrically induced knee extension torque, creatine kinase, muscle soreness were measured before and 24 h after exercise. Results. Indirect symptoms of exercise induced damage were dependent on DJs volume: the higher the numbers of jumps, the more symptoms were observed. Only after 200 DJs compared to 50-100 DJ there was decrease of CAR and H of DJ, and 24 h after 200 DJs CK was greater than after 50-100 DJs. Conclusion. In response to acute severe muscle-damaging exercise (after 200 DJs), indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage occurred.

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Repeated Bout Effect Was More Expressed in Young Adult Males Than in Elderly Males and Boys

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/218970 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Giedrius Gorianovas ◽

Albertas Skurvydas ◽

Vytautas Streckis ◽

Marius Brazaitis ◽

Sigitas Kamandulis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Repeated Bout Effect ◽

Adult Males ◽

Elderly Males ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Drop Jumps ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Repeated Bout

This study investigated possible differences using the same stretch-shortening exercise (SSE) protocol on generally accepted monitoring markers (dependent variables: changes in creatine kinase, muscle soreness, and voluntary and electrically evoked torque) in males across three lifespan stages (childhood versus adulthood versus old age). The protocol consisted of 100 intermittent (30 s interval between jumps) drop jumps to determine the repeated bout effect (RBE) (first and second bouts performed at a 2-week interval). The results showed that indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after SSE were more expressed in adult males than in boys and elderly males, suggesting that the muscles of boys and elderly males are more resistant to exercise-induced damage than those of adult males. RBE was more pronounced in adult males than in boys and elderly males, suggesting that the muscles of boys and elderly males are less adaptive to exercise-induced muscle damage than those of adult males.

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Oral contraceptive pill use and the susceptibility to markers of exercise-induced muscle damage

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-017-3629-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (7) ◽

pp. 1393-1402 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. M. Hicks ◽

G. Onambélé-Pearson ◽

K. Winwood ◽

C. I. Morse

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Patella Tendon ◽

Contraceptive Pill ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Tendon Properties

Abstract Purpose Firstly, to establish whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users are more susceptible to muscle damage compared to non-users, and secondly, to establish whether differences can be attributed to differences in patella tendon properties. Methods Nine female OCP users and 9 female non-users participated in the investigation. Combining dynamometry, electromyography and ultrasonography, patella tendon properties and vastus lateralis architectural properties were measured pre and during the first of 6 sets of 12 maximal voluntary eccentric knee extensions. Serum oestrogen levels were measured on the 7th day of the pill cycle and the 14th day of menstrual cycle in OCP users and non-users, respectively. Maximal voluntary isometric knee extension torque loss, creatine kinase and muscle soreness were measured 48 h pre-damage, post-damage, and 48, 96 and 168 h post-damage. Results Oestrogen levels were significantly lower in OCP users compared to non-users (209 ± 115 and 433 ± 147 pg/ml, respectively, p = 0.004). Proposed determinants of muscle damage, patella tendon stiffness and maximal eccentric torque did not differ between OCP users and non-users. The change in creatine kinase from pre to peak was significantly higher in OCP users compared to non-users (962 ± 968 and 386 ± 474 Ul, respectively, p = 0.016). There were no other differences in markers of muscle damage. Conclusion Although our findings suggest that, when compared to non-users, the OCP may augment the creatine kinase response following eccentric exercise, it does not increase the susceptibility to any other markers of muscle damage.

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A single dose of histamine-receptor antagonists before downhill running alters markers of muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00518.2016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 631-641 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Matthew R. Ely ◽

Steven A. Romero ◽

Dylan C. Sieck ◽

Joshua E. Mangum ◽

Meredith J. Luttrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Histamine Receptor ◽

Delayed Onset ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Exercise Induced

Histamine contributes to elevations in skeletal muscle blood flow following exercise, which raises the possibility that histamine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response to exercise. We examined the influence of antihistamines on postexercise blood flow, inflammation, muscle damage, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in a model of moderate exercise-induced muscle damage. Subjects consumed either a combination of fexofenadine and ranitidine (blockade, n = 12) or nothing (control, n = 12) before 45 min of downhill running (−10% grade). Blood flow to the leg was measured before and throughout 120 min of exercise recovery. Markers of inflammation, muscle damage, and DOMS were obtained before and at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postexercise. At 60 min postexercise, blood flow was reduced ~29% with blockade compared with control ( P < 0.05). Markers of inflammation were elevated after exercise (TNF-ɑ, IL-6), but did not differ between control and blockade. Creatine kinase concentrations peaked 12 h after exercise, and the overall response was greater with blockade (18.3 ± 3.2 kU·l−1·h−1) compared with control (11.6 ± 2.0 kU·l−1·h−1; P < 0.05). Reductions in muscle strength in control (−19.3 ± 4.3% at 24 h) were greater than blockade (−7.8 ± 4.8%; P < 0.05) and corresponded with greater perceptions of pain/discomfort in control compared with blockade. In conclusion, histamine-receptor blockade reduced postexercise blood flow, had no effect on the pattern of inflammatory markers, increased serum creatine kinase concentrations, attenuated muscle strength loss, and reduced pain perception following muscle-damaging exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Histamine appears to be intimately involved with skeletal muscle during and following exercise. Blocking histamine’s actions during muscle-damaging exercise, via common over-the-counter antihistamines, resulted in increased serum creatine kinase, an indirect marker of muscle damage. Paradoxically, blocking histamine’s actions attenuated muscle strength loss and reduced perceptions of muscle pain for 72 h following muscle-damaging exercise. These results indicate that exercise-induced histamine release may have a broad impact on protecting muscle from exercise-induced damage.

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A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2016-0185 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 316-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Chariklia K. Deli ◽

Ioannis G. Fatouros ◽

Vassilis Paschalis ◽

Kalliopi Georgakouli ◽

Athanasios Zalavras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Isometric Force ◽

Age Groups ◽

Eccentric Contractions ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Type Method ◽

Healthy Men ◽

Delayed Onset ◽

Exercise Induced

Purpose:Research regarding exercise-induced muscle-damage mainly focuses on adults. The present study examined exercise-induced muscle-damage responses in adults compared with children.Method:Eleven healthy boys (10–12 y) and 15 healthy men (18–45 y) performed 5 sets of 15 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Range of motion (ROM), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) during squat and walking, and peak isometric, concentric and eccentric torque were assessed before, post, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postexercise. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was assessed before and 72 hr postexercise.Results:Eccentric exercise resulted in DOMS during squat that persisted for up to 96h in men, and 48 hr in boys (p < .05), and DOMS during walking that persisted for up to 72 hr in men, and 48 hr in boys (p < .01). The ROM was lower in both age groups 48 hr postexercise (p < .001). Isometric (p < .001), concentric (p < .01) and eccentric (p < .01) force decreased post, and up to 48 hr postexercise in men. Except for a reduction in isometric force immediately after exercise, no other changes occurred in boys’ isokinetic force. CK activity increased in men at 72 hr postexercise compared with pre exercise levels (p = .05).Conclusion:Our data provide further confirmation that children are less susceptible to exercise-induced muscle damage compared with adults.

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TRIM63 (MuRF-1) gene polymorphism is associated with biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle damage

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00103.2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 142-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. Baumert ◽

M. J. Lake ◽

B. Drust ◽

C. E. Stewart ◽

R. M. Erskine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Variable Response ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Healthy Participants

Unaccustomed strenuous exercise can lead to muscle strength loss, inflammation and delayed-onset muscle soreness, which may be influenced by genetic variation. We investigated if a missense single nucleotide polymorphism (A>G, rs2275950 ) within the TRIM63 gene (encoding MuRF-1 and potentially affecting titin mechanical properties) was associated with the variable response to unaccustomed eccentric exercise. Sixty-five untrained, healthy participants (genotyped for rs2275950 : AA, AG, and GG) performed 120 maximal eccentric knee extensions (ECC) to induce muscle damage. Isometric and isokinetic maximal voluntary knee extension contractions (MVCs) and muscle soreness were assessed before, immediately after, and 48 h after ECC. AA homozygotes were consistently stronger [baseline isometric MVC: 3.23 ± 0.92 Nm/kg (AA) vs. 2.09 ± 0.67 Nm/kg (GG); P = 0.006] and demonstrated less muscle soreness over time ( P = 0.022) compared with GG homozygotes. This may be explained by greater titin stiffness in AA homozygotes, leading to intrinsically stronger muscle fibers that are more resistant to eccentric damaging contractions.

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Predictive value of strength loss as an indicator of muscle damage across multiple drop jumps

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h11-023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Albertas Skurvydas ◽

Marius Brazaitis ◽

Tomas Venckūnas ◽

Sigitas Kamandulis

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Time Course ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Drop Jumps ◽

Isokinetic Torque ◽

Exercise Induced

The aim of the present study was to compare the time-course of indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after 50 and 100 drop jumps. A high-force, low intensity exercise protocol was used to avoid discrepancies regarding metabolic fatigue immediately after exercise. Healthy untrained men performed 50 (“50 group”, n = 13) or 100 (“100 group”, n = 13) intermittent (30-s interval between each jump) drop jumps, respectively, from the height of 0.5 m with a counter-movement to a 90° knee flexion angle and immediate maximal rebound. Voluntary and electrically evoked knee extensor strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer immediately before and at 2 min after exercise, as well as 3, 7, and 14 days after exercise. Creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness within 7 days after exercise were also determined. The results showed that the decrease in voluntary isometric and isokinetic torque as well as 100 Hz stimulation torque at the end of the 50 and 100 drop jumps was very similar, while substantial differences were found in low-frequency fatigue, shift in optimal knee joint angle, muscle soreness, and CK activity. In addition, there was slower muscle strength recovery after the 100 drop jumps. It is concluded that the predictive value of strength loss immediately after exercise as an indicator of muscle damage decreases as the jump number increases. Still, stimuli must be large enough for muscle torque to reach the reduction plateau. Therefore, magnitude of exercise becomes a major factor in accuracy of muscle damage predictions.

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Human alpha-actinin-3 genotype association with exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated-bout effect

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h2012-087 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1038-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tomas Venckunas ◽

Albertas Skurvydas ◽

Marius Brazaitis ◽

Sigitas Kamandulis ◽

Audrius Snieckus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Repeated Bout Effect ◽

Drop Jumps ◽

Jumping Exercise ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Torque Values ◽

The Impact ◽

Repeated Bout

Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is an integral part of the Z line of the sarcomere. The ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism determines the presence or absence of functional ACTN3, which may influence the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage. This study aimed to compare the impact of, and recovery from, muscle-damaging eccentric exercise on subjects with or without functional ACTN3. Seventeen young men (20–33 years old), homozygous for the R (n = 9) or X (n = 8) alleles, performed two bouts of stretch–shortening exercise (50 drop jumps) two weeks apart. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, jump height, maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVC), peak concentric isokinetic torque (IT), and electrically stimulated knee extension torques at 20 and 100 Hz were measured at baseline and at a number of time points up to 14 days after each bout. There were no significant baseline differences between the groups. However, significant time point × genotype interactions were observed for MVC (p = 0.021) and IT (p = 0.011) for the immediate effect of eccentric exercise in bout 1. The RR group showed greater voluntary force decrements (RR vs. XX: MVC, –33.3% vs. –24.5%; IT, –35.9% vs. –23.2%) and slower recovery. A repeated-bout effect was clearly observed, but there were no differences by genotype group. The ACTN3 genotype modulates the response of muscle function to plyometric jumping exercise, although the differences are modest. The ACTN3 genotype does not influence the clearly observed repeated-bout effect; however, XX homozygotes recover baseline voluntary torque values faster and thus may be able to undertake more frequent training sesssions.

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Leg Immersion in Warm Water, Stretch-Shortening Exercise, and Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-43.6.592 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 592-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Albertas Skurvydas ◽

Sigitas Kamandulis ◽

Aleksas Stanislovaitis ◽

Vytautas Streckis ◽

Gediminas Mamkus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Muscle Length ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Warm Water ◽

Jump Height ◽

Contraction Force ◽

Exercise Induced

Abstract Context: Whether muscle warming protects against exercise-induced muscle damage is unknown. Objective: To determine the effect of leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise on the time course of indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. Design: Crossover trial. Setting: Human kinetics laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven healthy, untrained men (age = 21.5 ± 1.7 years). Intervention(s): Participants' legs were immersed in a water bath at 44 ± 1°C for 45 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Creatine kinase changes in the blood, muscle soreness, prolonged (within 72 hours) impairment in maximal voluntary contraction force and height of drop jump, and electrically evoked muscle force at low and high stimulation frequencies at short and long muscle lengths. Results: Leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise reduced most of the indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage, including creatine kinase activity in the blood, muscle soreness, maximal voluntary contraction force, and jump height. The values for maximal voluntary contraction force and jump height, however, were higher during prewarming than for the control condition at 48 hours after stretch-shortening exercise, but this difference was only minor at other time points. Muscle prewarming did not bring about any changes in the dynamics of low-frequency fatigue, registered at either short or long muscle length, within 72 hours of stretch-shortening exercise. Conclusions: Leg immersion in warm water before stretch-shortening exercise reduced most of the indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the clinical application of muscle prewarming may be limited, because decreasing muscle damage did not necessarily lead to improved voluntary performance.

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