Effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on ventilatory and perceived exertion responses to moderate and severe intensity cycle exercise

Background. The aim of this study was to follow symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage in response to 50, 100 and 200 drop jumps with maximal intensity. Methods. Three groups of young healthy men (n = 10 in each group) performed a bout of mechanically demanding stretch shortening cycle exercise consisting of 50, 100 and 200 drop jumps. Voluntary and electrically induced knee extension torque, creatine kinase, muscle soreness were measured before and 24 h after exercise. Results. Indirect symptoms of exercise induced damage were dependent on DJs volume: the higher the numbers of jumps, the more symptoms were observed. Only after 200 DJs compared to 50-100 DJ there was decrease of CAR and H of DJ, and 24 h after 200 DJs CK was greater than after 50-100 DJs. Conclusion. In response to acute severe muscle-damaging exercise (after 200 DJs), indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage occurred.

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Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1367 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Aitor Viribay ◽

Soledad Arribalzaga ◽

Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽

Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro ◽

Jesús Seco-Calvo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Athletic Performance ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽

Exercise Load ◽

Marathon Race ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Elite Runners

Background—exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and internal exercise load are increased after competing in ultraendurance events such as mountain marathons. Adequate carbohydrate (CHO) intake during exercise optimizes athletic performance and could limit EIMD, reduce internal exercise load and, thus, improve recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to research into and compare the effects of high CHO intake (120 g/h) in terms of CHO intake recommendation (90 g/h) and regular CHO intake performed by ultraendurance athletes (60 g/h) during a mountain marathon, on exercise load and EIMD markers (creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), urea and creatinine). Materials and Methods—a randomized trial was carried out on 20 male elite runners who had previously undertaken nutritional and gut training, and who consumed different CHO dosages according to experimental (EXP—120 g/h), control (CON—90 g/h) and low CHO intake (LOW—60 g/h) groups during a ~4000 m cumulative slope mountain marathon. EIMD markers were analyzed before the race and 24 h afterwards. Internal exercise load was calculated based on rate of perceived exertion (RPE) during and after the marathon event. Results—internal exercise load during the mountain marathon was significantly lower (p = 0.019; η2p = 0.471) in EXP (3805 ± 281 AU) compared to LOW (4688 ± 705 AU) and CON (4692 ± 716 AU). Moreover, results revealed that the EXP group evidenced significantly lower CK (p = 0.019; η2p = 0.373), LDH (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.615) and GOT (p = 0.003; η2p = 0.500) values 24 h after the mountain marathon race compared to LOW and CON. Along these lines, EIMD and exercise load evidenced a close correlation (R = 0.742; p < 0.001). Conclusion: High CHO intake (120 g/h) during a mountain marathon could limit the EIMD observed by CK, LDH and GOT and internal exercise load compared to CHO ingestion of 60 and 90 g/h.

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Effect of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on the dynamics of muscle oxygenation and pulmonary oxygen uptake

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.90743.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 1413-1421 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Rosemary C. Davies ◽

Roger G. Eston ◽

David C. Poole ◽

Ann V. Rowlands ◽

Fred DiMenna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Microvascular Dysfunction ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Primary Phase ◽

Exercise Tests ◽

Mean Response Time ◽

Severe Intensity ◽

Exercise Induced

Unaccustomed eccentric exercise has a profound impact on muscle structure and function. However, it is not known whether associated microvascular dysfunction disrupts the matching of O2delivery (Q̇o2) to O2utilization (V̇o2). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to test the hypothesis that eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage would elevate the muscle Q̇o2:V̇o2ratio during severe-intensity exercise while preserving the speed of the V̇o2kinetics at exercise onset. Nine physically active men completed “step” tests to severe-intensity exercise from an unloaded baseline on a cycle ergometer before (Pre) and 48 h after (Post) eccentric exercise (100 squats with a load corresponding to 70% of body mass). NIRS and breath-by-breath pulmonary V̇o2were measured continuously during the exercise tests and subsequently modeled using standard nonlinear regression techniques. There were no changes in phase II pulmonary V̇o2kinetics following the onset of exercise (time constant: Pre, 25 ± 4 s; Post, 24 ± 2 s; amplitude: Pre, 2.36 ± 0.23 l/min; Post, 2.37 ± 0.23 l/min; all P > 0.05). However, the primary (Pre, 14 ± 3 s; Post, 19 ± 3 s) and overall (Pre, 16 ± 4 s; Post, 21 ± 4 s) mean response time of the [HHb] response was significantly slower following eccentric exercise ( P < 0.05). The slower [HHb] kinetics observed following eccentric exercise is consistent with an increased Q̇o2:V̇o2ratio during transitions to severe-intensity exercise. We propose that unchanged primary phase V̇o2kinetics are associated with an elevated Q̇o2:V̇o2ratio that preserves blood-myocyte O2flux.

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Effects of Individualized Ischemic Preconditioning on Protection Against Eccentric Exercise–Induced Muscle Damage: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738121995414 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194173812199541

Author(s):

Mikhail Santos Cerqueira ◽

Daniel Kovacs ◽

Ingrid Martins de França ◽

Rafael Pereira ◽

Sinval Bezerra da Nobrega Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Eccentric Exercise ◽

Ischemic Preconditioning ◽

Muscle Soreness ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Sham Group ◽

Pressure Pain Threshold ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Occlusion Pressure ◽

Exercise Induced

Background: The effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) versus a deceptive sham protocol on indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) after the application of individualized occlusion pressure were examined. The goal of using a sham protocol is to control for the potential effect of placebo. Hypothesis: IPC would surpass the sham protocol in protecting against EIMD. Study Design: A randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: Thirty healthy young men were randomly assigned to an eccentric exercise for the knee extensor muscles preceded by IPC (4 × 5 minutes of individualized total occlusion pressure) or sham protocol (4 × 5 minutes using 20 mm Hg). Maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), rate of torque development, muscle soreness, pressure pain threshold, knee range of motion, thigh girth, and creatine kinase (CK) activity were assessed before IPC or sham protocol and up to 72 hours after the eccentric EIMD. Affective valence and perceived exertion were also evaluated. Results: MVIT decreased 17.1% in the IPC and 18.1% in the sham groups, with no differences between groups. Differences from baseline were observed in the sham group for muscle soreness at 48 hours ( P < 0.001) and 72 hours ( P = 0.02), and for CK activity at 72 hours ( P = 0.04). Muscle soreness was reduced in the IPC group at 48 hours compared with the sham group (∆ = 15.8 mm; P = 0.008) but without achieving the minimal clinically important difference. IPC induced a smaller perceived exertion than the sham protocol (∆ = 1.1 a.u.; P = 0.02). The remaining outcomes were not statistically different in both groups. Conclusion: IPC does not surpass the sham protocol to protect against mild EIMD of the knee extensors muscles. Clinical Relevance: Although IPC is a noninvasive, low-cost, and easy-to-administer intervention, the IPC effects can, in part, be explained by the placebo effect. In addition, individualized IPC promotes attenuation in perceived exertion during eccentric exercise.

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The effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on perceived exertion and cycling endurance performance

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-008-0935-z ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 559-567 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Craig Twist ◽

Roger G. Eston

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Exercise Induced

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The Impact of ACTN3 Gene Polymorphisms on Susceptibility to Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Changes in Running Economy Following Downhill Running

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.769971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima ◽

Carlos Roberto Bueno Junior ◽

Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção ◽

Natália de Menezes Bassan ◽

Renan Vieira Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Neuromuscular Function ◽

Running Economy ◽

Downhill Running ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

The Impact

This study aimed to investigate if ACTN3 gene polymorphism impacts the susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and changes in running economy (RE) following downhill running. Thirty-five healthy men were allocated to the two groups based on their ACTN3 gene variants: RR and X allele carriers. Neuromuscular function [knee extensor isometric peak torque (IPT), rate of torque development (RTD), and countermovement, and squat jump height], indirect markers of EIMD [muscle soreness, mid-thigh circumference, knee joint range of motion, and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity], and RE (oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, blood lactate concentration, and perceived exertion) for 5-min of running at a speed equivalent to 80% of individual maximal oxygen uptake speed were assessed before, immediately after, and 1–4 days after a 30-min downhill run (−15%). Neuromuscular function was compromised (P < 0.05) following downhill running with no differences between the groups, except for IPT, which was more affected in the RR individuals compared with the X allele carriers immediately (−24.9 ± 6.9% vs. −16.3 ± 6.5%, respectively) and 4 days (−16.6 ± 14.9% vs. −4.2 ± 9.5%, respectively) post-downhill running. EIMD manifested similarly for both the groups except for serum CK activity, which was greater for RR (398 ± 120 and 452 ± 126 U L–1 at 2 and 4 days following downhill running, respectively) compared with the X allele carriers (273 ± 121 and 352 ± 114 U L–1 at the same time points). RE was compromised following downhill running (16.7 ± 8.3% and 11 ± 7.5% increases in oxygen uptake immediately following downhill running for the RR and X allele carriers, respectively) with no difference between the groups. We conclude that although RR individuals appear to be more susceptible to EIMD following downhill running, this does not extend to the changes in RE.

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