scholarly journals Sociocultural Ideal Internalization, Body Dissatisfaction and Weight Control Behavior among Adolescent Athletes and Non-Athlete Adolescents. Does that Need Education?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (85) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Pajaujienė ◽  
Rasa Jankauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Weight Control Behavior ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Weight Loss Behavior ◽  
Unhealthy Weight

Research background and hypothesis. Many young people are concerned about their body size and shape because of the social pressures to conform to a thin body ideal. Athletes face additional pressures related to performance and, for some of them, aesthetic and weight category demands. Modification of body build is often attempted via diet and exercise, so the data were also gathered on attitudes toward eating and weight control – exercising behavior. Research aim was to examine media influence, body dissatisfaction, unhealthy weight loss behavior (UWLB) and unhealthy exercising behavior (UEB), risk of eating disorders (DE) in the sample of non-athletic and athletic adolescents. We proposed a hypothesis that adolescents aiming at matching social expectations of body image were more likely to be dissatisfied with their appearance as well as have worse weight control behavior and higher risk of eating disorders. We  expected that these associations would not differ among athletic and non-athletic adolescents.  Research methods. 11th grade students (n = 805, mean age – 17.23 (0.6) years, 476 (58.9%) females, 233 (28.9%) athletes) filled in anonymous questionnaires, which consisted of Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale (SATAQ-3, Thompson et al., 2004), Body Areas Satisfaction Scale from MBSRQ-AS (Cash, 2004), EAT-26 (Garner et al., 1982) and specially for this study created Unhealthy Weight Loss Behavior Scale. Research results. Nearly half of adolescents reported using at least one UWLB or/and UEB, 87 adolescents (more girls, p < 0.05) full into ED risk group with no differences between athletes and non-athletes (p > 0.05). Media influence did not differ between groups, but non-athletes were more dissatisfied with their body (p  < 0.05), had more expressed UWLB (p < 0.05), although adolescents who participated in sports demonstrated more UEB (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusions. Adolescents  who more dramatically internalized the social body standards were more dissatisfied with their appearance, had worse weight control behavior and higher risk for eating disorder. These associations basically did not differ between athletes and non-athletes.Keywords: body dissatisfaction, weight control, adolescence, athletic activities.

scholarly journals Psychological, Biological, and Behavioral Predictors of Changes in Eating Attitudes from Age 13 to 17 Y Among Urban, Black South African Adolescents (P18-102-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysse Kowalski ◽  
Shane Norris ◽  
Linda Richter ◽  
Rachel Waford ◽  
Aryeh Stein
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
South African ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Weight Control Behavior ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Predictors ◽  
Eat 26

Abstract Objectives Psychological, biological, and behavioral predictors of change in adolescent eating attitudes have not previously been examined in a South African context. We aimed to characterize patterns and predictors of trends in eating attitudes from age 13 to 17 y in an urban South African cohort. Methods Data come from the Birth to Twenty Plus birth cohort in Soweto-Johannesburg. The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was administered at ages 13 and 17 y. Self-esteem, weight control behavior, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed at the same ages. Sex-specific associations of changes in predictors over time with changes in the EAT-26 were modeled using linear regression. Results At age 13 y, EAT-26 (mean ± SD) was 9.92 ± 7.34 with no difference between girls and boys. At age 17 y, EAT-26 was higher, reflecting poorer eating attitudes, among girls (11.14 ± 8.75) than boys (10.06 ± 6.77). From age 13 to 17 y, self-esteem scores improved slightly (0.36 ± 4.95), with no difference by sex, while BMI increased more among girls (2.57 ± 2.34 kg/m2) than boys (1.72 ± 2.21 kg/m2). More girls reported a weight loss attempt at age 17 (32%) than at 13 y (19%), while more boys reported trying to lose weight at age 13 (14%) than at 17 y (9%). Among girls, greater BMI increase from age 13 to age 17 y was associated with higher EAT-26 (β = 0.52 per kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09, 0.95), and increased self-esteem score was associated with decreased EAT-26 (β = −0.40, CI: −0.59, −0.22). Similar associations were observed among boys. Compared to those whose weight control behavior did not change, attempted weight loss at age 13 y but not at age 17 y was associated with decreased EAT-26 (β = −3.67, CI: −7.3, −0.03) among girls, while among boys, attempted weight loss at age 17 y but not at age 13 y was associated with increased EAT-26 (β = 7.16, CI: 3.53, 10.8). Conclusions In a longitudinal sample of Black South African adolescents, improved self-esteem and decreased BMI were each associated with improved eating attitudes in both boys and girls, while associations of patterns of weight control behavior with eating attitudes differed by sex. Funding Sources NIH Fogarty International Center, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, University of the Witwatersrand, South African Medical Research Council. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight misperception and weight control behaviors among normal weight adolescents in the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen S. Talamayan ◽  
Andrew E. Springer ◽  
Steven H. Kelder ◽  
Emmanuel C. Gorospe ◽  
Karen A. Joye
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Weight Control Behavior ◽  
Weight Control Behaviors ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Unhealthy Weight Control ◽  
Unhealthy Weight

Weight perceptions and weight control behaviors have been documented with underweight and overweight adolescents, yet limited information is available on normal weight adolescents. This study investigates the prevalence of overweight misperceptions and weight control behaviors among normal weight adolescents in the U.S. by sociodemographic and geographic characteristics. We examined data from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). A total of 9,714 normal weight U.S. high school students were included in this study. Outcome measures included self-reported height and weight measurements, overweight misperceptions, and weight control behaviors. Weighted prevalence estimates and odds ratios were computed. There were 16.2% of normal weight students who perceived themselves as overweight. Females (25.3%) were more likely to perceive themselves as overweight than males (6.7%) (p < 0.05). Misperceptions of overweight were highest among white (18.3%) and Hispanic students (15.2%) and lowest among black students (5.8%). Females (16.8%) outnumbered males (6.8%) in practicing at least one unhealthy weight control behavior (use of diet pills, laxatives, and fasting) in the past 30 days. The percentage of students who practiced at least one weight control behavior was similar by ethnicity. There were no significant differences in overweight misperception and weight control behaviors by grade level, geographic region, or metropolitan status. A significant portion of normal weight adolescents misperceive themselves as overweight and are engaging in unhealthy weight control behaviors. These data suggest that obesity prevention programs should address weight misperceptions and the harmful effects of unhealthy weight control methods even among normal weight adolescents.

scholarly journals Weight-Loss Behaviors of Avoiding Between Meal and Midnight Snack in Teenagers Associated with Gestational Diabetes: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Minami ◽  
Takafumi Watanabe ◽  
Masamitsu Eitoku ◽  
Nagamasa Maeda ◽  
Mikiya Fujieda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Weight Loss Behavior ◽  
Previous Cesarean

Abstract Background: Dietary habits and weight control before pregnancy are important in preventing gestational diabetes. This study aims to examine whether the weight-loss behavior of avoiding between meal and midnight snacks in teenagers is associated with subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: A total of 89,227 (85.7% of the total) mother-infant pairs of live births were included in our study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). In the second or third trimesters, participants were asked to report their weight-loss behaviors during their teenage years. Response items included avoidance of meals and midnight snacking. The main outcome of our study was the prevalence of GDM.Results: Overall, 2,066 (2.3%) participants had GDM. Relative to those without GDM, women with GDM were older, were smokers, had a higher prevalence of hypertension, previous cesarean delivery, mental illness, and higher body mass index (BMI). Weight-loss behavior in their teenage years was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (unadjusted crude odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–0.91), model 1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79–0.94), and model 2 (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73–0.88). Weight-loss behavior in teens was associated with a decreased risk of GDM in the normal weight [aOR, 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70–0.89) and overweight (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69–0.98) groups.Conclusions: The results suggest that weight-loss behaviors of avoiding in-between meals and midnight snacking as teenagers are associated with a decreased risk of developing GDM.

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