scholarly journals Water Use Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
D. Burdinov
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Water Disposal

The stages of the water life cycle are considered not only in the water supply system, but also in the water disposal system. The pros and cons of various methods of disinfecting fresh water are examined. Particular attention is paid to the problems of water reserves not only in Russia, but also in the world. The problems of the water supply and sewage system in Russia are considered. Examples of solutions to these problems are provided.

scholarly journals Energy-Water-Environment Nexus and the Transition Towards a Circular Economy: The Case of Qatar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Jalil Ibrahim ◽  
Nasim Shah Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
National Development ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Vision 2030

Abstract Background Qatar’s per capita consumption of both energy and water is among the highest in the world. Documentation of methods to reduce energy and water use and its impact on the environment is crucial. A circular economy (CE) ensures that economic growth must not necessarily lead to more resource consumption. Materials and methods This study aims to discuss the CE approach with a focus on understanding the interdependencies between energy and water and their impact on the environment. The study explores the energy-water-environment nexus and how Qatar can leverage this to transition to a CE. The policy landscape and strategies related to energy and water use sectors are presented, addressing efficiencies and substitutes from a circular economic viewpoint. Results The findings show that electricity and mobility sectors(energy perspective of the CE) and agriculture and water supply system (water perspective of the CE) of the Qatari economy provide an opportunity for regeneration, virtualising, exchanging, optimising, sharing and closing loops to achieve CE growth. Conclusions The nexus between the mobility, electricity, agriculture and water supply system needs consideration for optimal policy outcome for the CE in Qatar. The study recommends a need to embark on public awareness on moving away from linear economic to the circular economic paradigm and developing a comprehensive policy on Qatar’s circular economic approach that consolidates the Qatar National Vision 2030 and the National Development Strategy 2018–2022 to provide policy clarity and communication towards CE.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF PLUMBING SYSTEM AT TUNJUNGAN PLAZA APARTMENT, SURABAYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sarah Meilani ◽  
Ariani Dwi Astuti ◽  
Ratnaningsih Ratnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Tank System

<strong>Aim:</strong> This study of plumbing system plan is  aimed at planning a plumbing system that is compatible with clean water, waste water and rain water management at Tunjungan Plaza apartment, Surabaya City, Indonesia according to SNI 8153-2015, and meet 5 aspects of safety, security, simplicity, beauty, and economy.  It applies water supply system which commonly used for tall buildings, namely Roof Tank system. <strong>Methodology and Result</strong>: Plumbing system planning methods are collecting and analyzing fluctuation in water use, planning clean water and recycled water systems by endorsing alternative piping for clean water and recycled water. In addition to water supply, recycled water system that utilizes waste water to be recycled for flushing closets and watering plants also required to be implemented. Average daily water consumption is 268 m<sup>3</sup>/day for clean water and 44 m<sup>3</sup>/day for recycled water with the capacity of ground water tank for clean water is 564.54 m<sup>3</sup> and recycled water is 62 m<sup>3</sup>. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study:</strong> Clean water supply system will implement roof tank system and recycled water will reutilize wastewater for flushing on toilet tank and watering the plants. Waste water use separated system between grey water and black water and then distributed to STP to be treated and reused for flushing water closet and watering plants. Rain water goes to infiltration well by gravity through designed 1 well. Total amount of investment of plumbing equipment is Rp 2,157,697,501,- with cost of water supply per unit Rp 4,445,643,- meanwhile waste water piping cost per units is Rp 1,070,711,-.

scholarly journals Theoretical principles of formation of the sustainable water supply system in environmental conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Levkovska ◽  
Valeriy Mandzyk ◽  
Olga Mytrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
World View ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply

One of the powerful factors behind the transformation of the components of the institutional environment that has evolved dynamically in recent decades is considered to be the environmental constraint, the main reason for which is the exacerbation of global environmental challenges and changes in the world-view of the modern world. In this regard, the study identifies and analyzes the patterns of transformation of conceptual approaches to the formation of a sustainable water supply system under environmental constraints. It is proved that one of the determining external factors that cause such transformation is the increase of environmental awareness of the population at the local, national and world levels. The system of methods of sustainable water supply in the conditions of ecological restrictions is proposed, which provides for complex scientifically grounded application of modern infrastructural, institutional and ecosystem mechanisms of water policy implementation and institutionalization of a number of strategic directions and processes of development of integrated water resources management of Ukraine. It is established that in the field of institutional support for sustainable water use, the evolution of conceptual approaches under the influence of «ecological» philosophy will determine, first and foremost, the improvement of the regulatory system of streamlining relations, its focus on optimizing the use of water resources, their conservation and reproduction. It covers all the main characteristics of the institutional environment, the system of rules and norms of behavior of economic relations, changes in the set of incentives for entrepreneurial activity and in the sphere of coordination of economic, financial and regulatory activities and state planning. Therefore, the strategic directions of transformation of the current water management system in order to ensure their expanded reproduction is the institutionalization of new rules and standards for the economic development of water resources, in particular the specification of ownership rights for water resources and the spread of modern forms of public-private partnership in the field of water use. This will increase the level of investment support for the reproduction of water resources and expand the available financial base for the modernization of water management infrastructure.

scholarly journals Water in the urban space of Dubrovnik

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (56) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Irena Ipšić ◽  
Ivana Lazarević
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
City Area ◽  
New City

Many city wells and public cisterns, along with the water supply system built from the spring in Šumet to the urban centre in the fifteenth century, are an eloquent testimony of the great concern of the Dubrovnik authorities to provide its inhabitants with a sufficient and regular supply of fresh water. The mapping of public water locations inside the walled city area indicates the elite urban parts inhabited by the bulk of the nobility. Prior to the construction of the aqueduct, it was the area of Bunićeva poljana, today's Ulica od puča, in which the majority of wells had been dug. After the construction of the aqueduct, and in conformity with new communal solutions, the elite part shifted northwards, around the Placa, main street, which transformed into a new city centre

Mean values of water pipe breakage rates around the world and in geographical areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-777
Author(s):  
F. Dell'Orfano ◽  
V. Esposito ◽  
P. Gualtieri ◽  
G. Pulci Doria
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
The World ◽  
Pipe Breakage ◽  
Supply Systems

One of the most frequently used parameters in water supply systems is the pipe breakage rate, which is often expressed by λ. Its definition can be deterministic or probabilistic, but both definitions lead to the same value under certain assumptions. This parameter can be defined per unit time only or per unit time and per unit length of the pipes (using a kilometre as the unit of measurement). The symbol λ is used in both cases and can occasionally generate confusion. In a water supply system, most failures occur because of pipe breakage, and only those cases are considered in this work. For a pipe, λ can be evaluated in terms of time (years) and length (km) and expressed by Λ. This paper aims to investigate the mechanical reliability of a water supply system with reference to pipeline breakages worldwide. A statistical approach is applied to a wide database of Λ values relative to certain variables (e.g., the diameter, material, age, pressure, and chemical characteristics of the water) for water supply systems worldwide (over 3,500 data points were collected from approximately 200 papers). The pipe length L and monitoring period T are often reported in the database. For each water supply system, it is necessary to apply a statistical weight to each value of Λ because the considered variables are notably different. The chosen weight is the product of L · T; the weight is evaluated using statistical analysis if L and/or T are unknown. Finally, a particular treatment is applied to the obtained weights to eliminate distortions in the Λ evaluation because of the different socioeconomic conditions of more or less developed countries. Four results are reported in this work: (1) the weighted average value of Λ in the world (Λm), (2) the average values of Λ in different continents (Λmc), (3) the average values of Λ in different countries (Λmn), and (4) the management correction factor (fCE).

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