WATER POLICY STRATEGY OF UKRAINE: PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

The article is devoted to the development of theoretical approaches to the formation and implementation of the strategy of water policy of Ukraine in the context of climate change. As a result of the conducted research, it is proved that because of influence of various external factors there are changes of basic imperatives of functioning of modern systems of management of water resources. The need to consider these changes by improving the strategic documents that define the priorities and principles of national water management policy is substantiated. It is established that one of the main reasons for the lack of water of good quality is its low value compared to other natural resources. This leads to a lack of legal, organizational, and financial and economic grounds for ensuring the payback of water and water-dependent ecosystem services, which is the reason for lack of funds and relevant work to improve and restore environmental and hydro morphological characteristics of reservoirs and repair and modernization of existing hydraulic structures. In this regard, emphasis is placed on the need to improve methods of economic regulation and the development of mechanisms and tools for financial support of sustainable water management. In the context of the above, it is proposed to include in the list of main tasks of the draft Water Strategy of Ukraine two groups of economic levers to increase the financial base of investment support for sustainable water management. The first group is aimed at improving the rent regulation of special use of water resources and provides for raising standards for unauthorized groundwater production, for companies that produce beverages and sell bottled drinking water, as well as limiting various benefits and preferences when paying special water use fees. The second - to change the system of water resources management, the development of institutional and legal support for their use in a globalized market environment, the implementation of modern instruments of financial and economic support for the formation of territorial water resources on a corporate basis.

SOCIAL DOMINANTS AS A CORE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES ON AN INNOVATIVE BASIS (synergetic aspect)

In recent years, state policy has been aimed at accelerating Ukraine's integration into the European community, which provides for the improvement of social security. This should be facilitated by the active introduction of innovations. Market transformation of the economy requires solving a set of problems associated with the development of territorial communities. World experience shows that at present the main factor of economic growth is social dominants and the intellectual potential of the population. The article examines the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the development of social dominants as the core of the formation of territorial communities. With the help of these dominants, objective reasons are created and the possibilities for the formation of intellectual potential are determined. The main trends in the development of social dominants are analyzed, the assessment of the current state of the processes of social development on an innovative basis in the context of ensuring social cohesion of society is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the issues of using the resources of territorial communities. It is noted that a synergistic approach plays an important role, in particular when using human resources, determining their life trajectory, formed on a socio-innovative basis. The study revealed that social innovations become real if they are secured by investments, have a purposeful character, and acquire such forms of implementation as social projects and social reforms. It is emphasized that the specificity of innovation lies in the fact that it is not any purposeful change, but only one whose subject content is a practical innovation created as a response to human needs, after which it acquires maximum distribution until this need is completely saturated. Social innovations, as noted in the study, contribute to: the revival and enhancement of social and cultural values; ensuring social transformations of society; growth of labor potential; improving the quality of educational, medical, cultural and other services; and in general bring domestic social standards closer to the corresponding standards of developed European countries. Considerable attention is paid to the issues of enhancing socio-innovative activity. The authors note that the latter is achieved when it is based on solid knowledge. Therefore, the work pays great attention to the education system, including the provision of socio-innovative development of united territorial communities, which contributes to the formation of prerequisites for the innovative development of the country's economy and contributes to the development of a competitive economy as a whole. At the same time, the educational sphere itself must move to an innovative path of development, and this, in turn, needs to update the curricula, adapted to the realities of the modern period of the world and domestic economy. The article provides substantiated ways to improve the education system aimed at training competitive specialists. Also, the main directions of improving the image of knowledge, organizational and economic development of territorial communities have been developed.

FRAME-CONCEPT OF VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM ASSETS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

For the first time in the professional literature the theoretical and methodological composition of the three-dimensional model of the frame-concept of assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities is revealed and presented. This frame-concept forms the general conceptual basis and logistic algorithm of practical actions for implementation the assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities in the practice of nature management. In accordance with the existing typology of concepts, the characteristics of the frame-concept of assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities are given. The main elements of the three-dimensional model of the frame-concept of assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities, which are identified by its construction according to the appropriate logistic algorithm of its composition, are established. This algorithm should be performed in several successive iterations. The first is the analysis and structural-functional description of the categorical basis of the concept of ecosystem assets as producers of ecosystem services, which represents the studied frame-concept. The second iteration involves in-depth disclosure of the content and features of ecosystem assets of territorial communities as a notion. The third is to describe ways to assess the ecosystem assets of local communities as a two-dimensional formation, providing an appropriate level of detail. The fourth iteration is the definition of the numerical formalization of the semantic sphere of ecosystem assets, in particular the numerical formalization of the value measurement of ecosystem assets as producers of ecosystem services. The fifth is a study of scenarios for assessing the ecosystem assets of local communities. The subject-object and other components of the scenario of assessment of ecosystem assets of a particular territorial community, which are written in its corresponding scheme, are shown. In the future, this, in turn, allows us to design the nature of the relationship between the local community as the owner of ecosystem assets and other beneficiaries of their use. This will make it possible to address the level of responsibility for the functioning of the ecosystem assets that produce these services, as well as when considering eco-compensation for the consumption of specific types of ecosystem services or their loss. As a result, the study of the frame-concept of assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities created an appropriate theoretical and methodological platform that forms its holistic view and understanding by scientists and practitioners. Therefore, it will help to justify and implement real management measures to assess ecosystem assets belonging to specific local communities.

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF THE ECOSYSTEM ASSETS ASSESSMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The article is aimed at introduction of the up-to-date approaches to the economic assessment of ecosystems and their implementation while determining the priority tasks of the territorial communities development. The necessity is substantiated of the ecosystems economic assessment for determining the priority tasks of the territory development taking into account the ecosystem approach. It is emphasized that the achievement of the goals of sustainable spatial development at the local level is ensured via full mobilization of all types of local resources, in particular by taking into account the value of ecosystem assets and ecosystem services produced by them in the interests of local communities. The necessity of forming an integrated strategic approach to the introduction of ecosystem asset valuation at the local level is substantiated. The ecosystem assets of territorial communities are proved to be a continuous flow of the community ecosystem resources produced as a result of the system of functionally interconnected components of the natural environment involved in economic circulation, the use of which will contribute to economic benefits. It is shown that the economic assessment of ecosystem assets at the local level makes it possible to assess both the market value and value of ecosystems from direct and indirect use, and to identify real prospects for possible financial revenues to the community budget from their operation. Differentiated are economic approaches to estimate the ecosystem benefits at the local level. The structure and tasks of payments for the biodiversity conservation at the level of territorial communities are studied. The structural scheme of information support for estimating the ecosystem assets values of territorial communities is proposed The tasks of local authorities as to the community ecosystems management are outlined and the stages of assessment of ecosystem assets of the territorial entities are defined. The targets for application of the results of assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities have been determined. It is shown that the introduction of an ecosystem approach in the management of communities will contribute to the financial content of local budgets.

PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOENERGY RESOURCES OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABILITY

The article deals the analysis of production and consumption of bioenergy resources in agriculture. It is established that the assessment of resource potential is carried out with regard to the following energy trilemma: decarbonization, energy security and affordability, which significantly increases the interest in alternative fuels derived from renewable sources. In order to achieve sustainable development in the context of providing businesses with affordable and clean energy, national indicators relevant to the agricultural sector have been developed. Biomass production utilizes both land and human resourse to a greater extent than any other renewable energy technology, and can create sustainable supply chains. It has been proven that the use of biomass improves the supply and access to energy at the local and national levels, but also reduces waste disposal, provides an alternative use of biomass or fossil resources. It is noted that the main products of biomass processing are solid and liquid biofuels, biogas. Ukraine's energy strategy 2035 suggests an increase in the use of biomass in energy generation up to 11,5 %, and the main stimulus for growth is the use of green tariff. Biomass production requires the largest amount of land resources compared to other alternative sources. It limits the use of sown areas for food crops in favor of bioenergy crops. In particular, the raw materials for the production of bioethanol in Ukraine are sugar, starch crops and cellulose materials, which are converted into the final product by alcohol and sugar factories. Biodiesel production is not widespread enough, and more than 95 % of the gross harvest of rapeseed and soybeans used for its production in 2019 was exported. In the structure of solid biofuels, agricultural waste, in particular straw, stalks and husks, has the greatest potential for the use. Thus, biomass is an alternative energy resource that creates significant prospects for sustainable agriculture, but wholesale energy tariffs need to be revised to take into account external factors that consider insurance risks and increased environmental taxation, which is low in Ukraine.

PRESERVATION AND STRENGTHENING THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The article reveals the essence of the category of "population health", the methodology and methods of its cognition, the main methods and techniques of the empirical and theoretical levels of research, the technology of their practical use in ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The main attention is paid to the analysis and assessment of the health status of the population – the main productive force of society, on the basis of which it is concluded that in Ukraine there is a deterioration in the corresponding characteristics. It is noted that this is primarily influenced by insufficient financial and resource support of the medical industry as a whole. Other factors that negatively affect the health of the Ukrainian population are also indicated. An important role in overcoming these negative phenomena is played by the modernization of the medical industry, the rational use of its resource potential, the formation of a civilized market of medical services. In this regard, it is emphasized that the activities of the health care system of Ukraine should be based on unified national principles, including the formation of economically viable systems for organizing medical care, taking into account the real needs of the population, the possibilities of meeting them, as well as the most appropriate allocation of resources and their effective use. The peculiarities of the current situation with the spread of coronavirus, which led to the exacerbation of existing problems, which require the search for new approaches to their solution, related to the adoption of fundamental decisions, especially at the state level are taken into account. In addition, the article provides an assessment of the main results of the ongoing reforms in the health care system of Ukraine. In the course of the study, considerable attention is paid to structural and typological features, as well as the conditions for the formation and strengthening of public health - an important factor in increasing labor productivity, developing the economy based on the principles of sustainable development. The economic, innovative and technological aspects of the development of the health care system are summarized. New approaches to further strengthening and preserving the health of the population in the context of implementing the tasks of sustainable development are substantiated.

ECONOMY OF THE CORONAVIRUS AGE AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES

The article covers the issues of economic development in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic, its negative economic consequences, entering a deep recession. The forecast opinions on the losses of world GDP from the coronavirus crisis are given. The negative economic consequences of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic have become a significant challenge for the world and Ukraine. The coronavirus pandemic pushed the world into development 20 years ago. According to UN estimates, the economic crisis could put more than 6 million Ukrainians out of poverty. The measures of the advanced countries to counteract the spread of the disease and provide support to the economy in order to reduce the duration of the global recession are revealed. The effects of the pandemic on the economy in Ukraine due to the economic crisis are shown, a significant proportion of the population has experienced a reduction in income or loss of the main source of income, rising unemployment. Sound programs for Ukraine aimed at helping to cope with the problems of the pandemic and ensure economic development. The need to comply with quarantine measures and their focus on at-risk groups, as well as on the development of the economy, which should continue to operate, is emphasized. The main data on the incidence of coronavirus in Ukraine are given. In terms of the number of new Covid-19 cases, Ukraine ranks third in Europe and 11th in the world. The proportion of recurrent cases in the world has also increased significantly, ranging from 4 to 18 % of the total number of new diseases. The main versions of the origin and spread of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are considered: about its natural and artificial origin, due to climate change. It will take decades to solve climate problems to develop and implement all the necessary inventions in the field of clean energy. Many researchers believe that the coronavirus pandemic calls for a more holistic "single health" approach that considers human, animal, and environmental health to be interrelated. There is the Theory of the Great Epidemic, which states that every 100 years a pandemic unfolds on the planet. In the XXI century. such a large global epidemic was caused by SARS-CoV-2.

THE CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY

The European green course has influenced the introduction of a "green" economy, the implementation of which requires the application of processes and procedures that will ensure the activities of the enterprise in agriculture in accordance with the developed national strategy and goals. Such a system, expressed through the organizational and institutional support of the green economy, will achieve the set economic, social and environmental goals and adhere to measures to meet the needs of future generations. Accordingly, the aim of the article was to reveal the peculiarities of the conceptualization of organizational and institutional support for the development of a "green" economy in agriculture. During the writing of the article in the process of research dialectical methods of scientific knowledge of the process of ensuring the development of green economy in agriculture, first of all analysis and synthesis, were used. Induction and deduction methods were also used to characterize the organizational and institutional parts of the provision. The study found that the system of organizational and institutional support of the "green" economy combines various interdisciplinary aspects of economic, social, environmental and institutional components for the organization of activities under the European Green Course, the National Concept of Green Transition, National Environmental Policy Strategy and others regulations. Institutional support for the development of the green economy is responsible for the formation of appropriate formal and informal institutions that will create conditions for further activities to achieve the goals. In general, institutional ties are just forming. Accordingly, the system of organizational and institutional support of the "green" economy, which combines various interdisciplinary aspects of economic, social, environmental and institutional components for organizing activities on the main objectives of the "European Green Course" and the national concept of "green" transition and "green" energy will not be formed. Also, the institutional component of the green economy is not yet fully formed and is in the process of formation, and the development of components of both organizational and institutional direction depend on each other. These systems highlighted the main points of organizational and institutional support of the green economy in agriculture and helped to reveal the main components of this process.

RESEARCH ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW SMART CITY IN HUZHOU (CHINA)

Taking solving urban problems and serving urban development as the starting point, smart city comprehensively uses information technology means such as big data, network communication, artificial intelligence and satellite remote sensing to solve population, resource and environmental problems in combination with scientific management methods. It is a new intelligent city model proposed to promote urban health, safety and sustainable development. Through the background of smart city, focusing on the core issues such as what is a smart city, what kind of smart city to build and how to build a smart city, and based on the analysis and investigation of the development status of the smart city in Huzhou, this paper analyzes and expounds the problems existing in the construction of the smart city in Huzhou, This paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of the new smart city in Huzhou City. It gives information on further development within the proper implementation of the smart city concept. Firstly, this concept needs a wide range of specialists in the field of management, informatics, geography, architecture, regional economy, who should work in close cooperation synergistically. Secondly, it is substantial to applicate new technologies, for instance, they can be cloud computing, big data, GIS, the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, etc. The current state of construction of a smart city is emphasized in unsatisfactory condition, hence, the development of the smart city in Huzhou needs all of the above factors. In the light of all evidence, to further develop a smart city, a set of measures is recommended, including clarifying development goals and providing scientific assistance to construction, providing smart planning, strengthening leadership and introduction of new technologies, establishing communications to explain the concept of building a smart city. Such a city will have convenient public services, improved city management, a proper living environment, well-developed intellectual infrastructure and long-term network security.

FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES

Valuation of natural resources, in particular ecosystem resources, occupies one of the leading places in modern economic theory. It should be noted that all methodological and methodical approaches used in world practice to determine the value of natural resources, in their economic essence evaluate each object of using the nature as a commodity that can be bought, sold, leased, etc. This approach is based on an economic point of view and does not take into account the ecological properties of this resource (for example, forest is evaluated exclusively as wood – raw material for the woodworking industry, and its assimilative and oxygen-producing properties are not taken into account). In the article we propose a methodological approach to the valuation of ecosystem assets of territorial communities that provide assimilation and oxygen production services to society, which is based on the ecological-economic point of view. The essence of this method is that the valuation of ecosystem resources is determined by the cost of their ecosystem services that they provide to society throughout its life cycle. Moreover, when carrying out a summary valuation of various ecosystem assets (forest, water, land), the latter must be valued by the same (identical) method. The paper proposes an algorithm and a specific mathematical apparatus that allows to determine the value of any ecosystem resource and on its basis to determine the complex value of ecosystems owned by local communities. Tables of data on the volumes of carbon dioxide absorption by plants of Ukraine, which most intensively assimilate carbon dioxide, on indicators of oxygen release by plants and on the duration of the life cycle of certain species of trees and shrubs. It is these indicators can be used as performance characteristics in the proposed mathematical apparatus in the valuation of ecosystem assets. It is noted that the availability of valuation of ecosystem assets will allow, both at the state and local levels, to make appropriate management decisions on their effective use.