Incubating small entrepreneurial businesses in economies in transition

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior is influenced by contextual, social, and individual factors, including the built environment. However, associations between the built environment and sitting time have not been extensively investigated in countries with economies in transition such as Brazil. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sitting-time and access to a mix of destinations for adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods This study uses data from the Health Survey of Sao Paulo. Sedentary behavior was assessed by a questionnaire using two questions: total sitting time in minutes on a usual weekday; and on a usual weekend day. The mix of destinations was measured by summing the number of facilities (comprising bus stops, train/subway stations, parks, squares, public recreation centres, bike paths, primary health care units, supermarkets, food stores, bakeries, and coffee-shops) within 500 m of each participant’s residence. Minutes of sitting time in a typical weekday and weekend day were the outcomes and the mix of destinations score in 500 m buffers was the exposure variable. Associations between the mix of destinations and sitting time were examined using multilevel linear regression: these models accounted for clustering within census tracts and households and adjusted for environmental, sociodemographic, and health-related factors. Results After adjustment for covariates, the mix of destinations was inversely associated with minutes of sitting time on a weekday (β=− 8.8, p=0.001) and weekend day (β=− 6.1, p=0.022). People who lived in areas with a greater mix of destinations had shorter average sitting times. Conclusion Greater mix of destinations within 500 m of peoples’ residences was inversely associated with sitting time on a typical weekday and weekend day. In Latin American cities like Sao Paulo built environments more favorable for walking may contribute to reducing sedentary behavior and prevent associated chronic disease.

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Finance and growth in economies in transition

European Economic Review ◽

10.1016/0014-2921(95)00078-x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (3-5) ◽

pp. 645-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Fabrizio Coricelli

Keyword(s):

Economies In Transition

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The Uruguay round and agricultural policies in developing countries and economies in transition

Food Policy ◽

10.1016/0306-9192(96)00017-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 21 (4-5) ◽

pp. 419-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alberto Valdés ◽

Alex F. McCalla

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Uruguay Round ◽

Agricultural Policies ◽

Economies In Transition

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Transport and Energy Demand in the Developing World: The Urgent Alternatives

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1260/095830505774478521 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 825-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mariano Bauer ◽

Elizabeth Mar

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Developing World ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Economies In Transition ◽

Light Trucks ◽

Fuel Substitution ◽

Per Capita ◽

Business As Usual

The appeal of individual mobility provided today by automobiles and light trucks with internal combustion engines, makes transportation the sector most resilient to a fuel substitution away from its dependence on oil. While the number of vehicles per capita and the distance traveled per vehicle are approaching saturation levels in the industrialized countries (IEA 2002), increases in population and income per capita, economic reforms and industry globalization can result in an off-trend accelerated growth of vehicles in the economies in transition (FSU and EE) and in the developing world (China, India and Latin America, mainly). The corresponding world road use energy consumption could reach a 200 percent increase from present levels by the year 2020, instead of an already worrisome “business as usual” projection of 75 percent (BAUER 2003, 2004). This paper analyses the mitigation effect on world oil demand and on its environmental impact that a policy of leapfrogging towards energy efficient internal combustion technologies and/or alternative vehicles – hybrid or fully electric – could have.

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Budgetary Subsidies in Centrally Planned Economies in Transition

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.884578 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Holzmann

Keyword(s):

Economies In Transition

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Economic sovereignty and economic security of Ukraine (interrelation and mutual understanding) in the context of their doctrinal and legal support

Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine ◽

10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.209-223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 209-223

Author(s):

Vasyl Ya. Tatsii ◽

Yevhen M. Bilousov ◽

Daryna S. Kosinova

Keyword(s):

Economic Security ◽

The State ◽

Mutual Understanding ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Economies In Transition ◽

Effective System ◽

National Model ◽

Legal Security ◽

Definition Of ◽

National Systems

The purpose of this article is to address current issues of doctrinal and legal security of economic security of the state with the actualisation of issues concerning the relationship between the concepts of “economic security” and “economic sovereignty” in their relationship and mutual understanding. The authors pay attention to the analysis of existing in the national legal doctrines of individual countries scientific approaches to the definition of “economic sovereignty”, clarify its main features, analyse the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to define the concept of “economic security” and on this basis own vision of the instrumental content of these definitions. It is argued that the concept of “economic sovereignty” is primary in relation to the concept of “economic security”. The article examines the national systems (models) of economic security of the state, including, in particular, American, Japanese, Chinese, models of institutional entities (in particular, the EU), models typical of countries with economies in transition. The authors found that Ukraine is characterised by a system (model) of economic security of countries with economies in transition, which is fragmented and inconsistent in its construction, which ultimately affects the state of economic security of the state as a whole. It was found that the main goal of Ukraine at this stage of its development in the context of building a national model of economic security is to create an effective system of means to overcome or minimise existing or potential threats, especially in the context of globalisation of trade and economic relations. The paper emphasises the need to borrow positive foreign experience of legal support of relations for the creation and implementation of national systems of economic security of the state to gradually transform Ukraine into an important participant in the processes of international economic security

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