Charles Waterton (1782–1865) and wourali

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Padfield
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
History Of

Charles Waterton was the eccentric “Lord of Walton Hall” near Wakefield in Yorkshire. His Wanderings in South America was first published in 1826; translated into French, German and Spanish, it was a best seller. He brought back wourali used by the Macoushi natives of British Guiana (now Guyana) for killing prey; there is a piece of it in the Wakefield Museum. This paper traces the history of wourali which paralyses its victims; its attempted medical use for rabies and tetanus and, though different from curare, its belated use in modern anaesthesia.

The Making of a Crown Colony: British Guiana, 1803–33

1926 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 107-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Penson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
River Basins ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
History Of

In the history of South America as a whole, the first thirty years of the nineteenth century were marked by wars of independence and the diplomatic search for political recognition. Among these struggling republics and revolted Empires, a little enclave remained under European rule. Facing the Atlantic, between the Orinoco and the Amazon, guarded by mountain ranges, lay the coastlands of Guiana, a series of river basins occupied by a medley of European peoples.

Correspondence between Adolphe Brongniart and Robert Schomburgk: trading natural history collections for honours

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
PIOTR DASZKIEWICZ ◽  
MICHEL JEGU
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
German Naturalist

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses some correspondence between Robert Schomburgk (1804–1865) and Adolphe Brongniart (1801–1876). Four letters survive, containing information about the history of Schomburgk's collection of fishes and plants from British Guiana, and his herbarium specimens from Dominican Republic and southeast Asia. A study of these letters has enabled us to confirm that Schomburgk supplied the collection of fishes from Guiana now in the Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. The letters of the German naturalist are an interesting source of information concerning the practice of sale and exchange of natural history collections in the nineteenth century in return for honours.

“What Freedom?”

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-331
Author(s):  
John Owen Havard
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Free Condition ◽  
Narrative Design ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
John Owen

John Owen Havard, “‘What Freedom?’: Frankenstein, Anti-Occidentalism, and English Liberty” (pp. 305–331) “If he were vanquished,” Victor Frankenstein states of his monstrous creation in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818), “I should be a free man.” But he goes on: “Alas! what freedom? such as the peasant enjoys when his family have been massacred before his eyes, his cottage burnt, his lands laid waste, and he is turned adrift, homeless, pennyless, and alone, but free.” Victor’s circumstances approximate the deracinated subject of an emergent economic liberalism, while looking to other destitute and shipwrecked heroes. Yet the ironic “freedom” described here carries an added charge, which Victor underscores when he concludes this account of his ravaged condition: “Such would be my liberty.” This essay revisits the geographic plotting of Frankenstein: the digression to the East in the nested “harem” episode, the voyage to England, the neglected episode of Victor’s imprisonment in Ireland, and the creature’s desire to live in South America. Locating Victor’s concluding appeal to his “free” condition within the novel’s expansive geography amplifies the political stakes of his downfall, calling attention to not only his own suffering but the wider trail of destruction left in his wake. Where existing critical accounts have emphasized the French Revolution and its violent aftermath, this obscures the novel’s pointed critique of a deep and tangled history of English liberty and its destructive legacies. Reexamining the novel’s geography in tandem with its use of form similarly allows us to rethink the overarching narrative design of Frankenstein, in ways that disrupt, if not more radically dislocate, existing rigid ways of thinking about the novel.

scholarly journals Amazonia as the Origin and Diversification Area of Didelphidae (Mammalia: Metatheria), and a Review of the Fossil Record of the Clade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela C. Castro ◽  
Murilo J. Dahur ◽  
Gabriel S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Fossil Records

AbstractDidelphidae is the largest New World radiation of marsupials, and is mostly represented by arboreal, small- to medium-sized taxa that inhabit tropical and/or subtropical forests. The group originated and remained isolated in South America for millions of years, until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. In this study, we present the first reconstruction of the biogeographic history of Didelphidae including all major clades, based on parametric models and stratified analyses over time. We also compiled all the pre-Quaternary fossil records of the group, and contrasted these data to our biogeographic inferences, as well as to major environmental events that occurred in the South American Cenozoic. Our results indicate the relevance of Amazonia in the early diversification of Didelphidae, including the divergence of the major clades traditionally ranked as subfamilies and tribes. Cladogeneses in other areas started in the late Miocene, an interval of intense shifts, especially in the northern portion of Andes and Amazon Basin. Occupation of other areas continued through the Pliocene, but few were only colonized in Quaternary times. The comparison between the biogeographic inference and the fossil records highlights some further steps towards better understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the clade. Finally, our results stress that the early history of didelphids is obscured by the lack of Paleogene fossils, which are still to be unearthed from low-latitude deposits of South America.

A Constitutional History of British Guiana.

1938 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Howard Robinson ◽  
Cecil Clementi
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional History ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
History Of

A Yahgan for the killing: murder, memory and Charles Darwin

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH L. YANNIELLI
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn March 1742, British naval officer John Byron witnessed a murder on the western coast of South America. Both Charles Darwin and Robert FitzRoy seized upon Byron's story a century later, and it continues to play an important role in Darwin scholarship today. This essay investigates the veracity of the murder, its appropriation by various authors, and its false association with the Yahgan people encountered during the second voyage of theBeagle(1831–1836). Darwin's use of the story is examined in multiple contexts, focusing on his relationship with the history of European expansion and cross-cultural interaction and related assumptions about slavery and race. The continuing fascination with Byron's story highlights the key role of historical memory in the development and interpretation of evolutionary theory.

Pomacea maculata.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Cowie ◽  
Romi L. Burks ◽  
Amy E. Miller ◽  
Alexandria L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Pomacea Maculata ◽  
Golden Apple Snail ◽  
History Of

Abstract P. maculata is a freshwater snail native to a wide geographical area in South America from the Rio de la Plata in Argentina and Uruguay to the Amazon in Brazil. It is commonly confused with any number of similar large apple snails, including the well-known invasive golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (listed among '100 of the world's worst invasive species'). Both species have been introduced to South-East and East Asia, although for many years they were not distinguished and the Asian introductions were widely identified as "golden apple snails" and the name P. canaliculata was applied to them. Due to the confusion in species identification, the history of introduction of P. maculata remains somewhat uncertain as does its invasiveness and pest potential. Much of the literature is confounded, for example, the snails illustrated by Cowie (2002) as P. canaliculata are in fact P. maculata. The majority of invasive populations in Asia appear to be P. canaliculata, often not mixed with P. maculata (Hayes et al., 2008; Tran et al., 2008) and the pest potential of P. canaliculata in such cases is clear. However, much less has been written about the invasiveness and pest potential of 'P. maculata'.

Alabama argillacea. [Distribution map].

1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Thespesia Populnea ◽  
Alabama Argillacea ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Alabama argillacea (Hb.) (Cotton Leafworm). Hosts: Cultivated and wild cottons (Gossypium spp.), Thespesia populnea. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Mexico, U.S.A., CENTRAL AMERICA and WEST INDIES, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Salvador, West Indies, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Dutch Guiana, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela.

Transatlantic Radicalism

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Organizational Ties ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Political Radicalism

The Atlantic Ocean not only connected North and South America with Europe through trade but also provided the means for an exchange of knowledge and ideas, including political radicalism. Socialists and anarchists would use this “radical ocean” to escape state prosecution in their home countries and establish radical milieus abroad. However, this was often a rather unorganized development and therefore the connections that existed were quite diverse. The movement of individuals led to the establishment of organizational ties and the import and exchange of political publications between Europe and the Americas. The main aim of this book is to show how the transatlantic networks of political radicalism evolved with regard to socialist and anarchist milieus and in particular to look at the actors within the relevant processes—topics that have so far been neglected in the major histories of transnational political radicalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Individual case studies are examined within a wider context to show how networks were actually created, how they functioned and their impact on the broader history of the radical Atlantic.

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