Miners and the Scottish Nation: from the 1950s to the 1970s

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-194
Author(s):  
Jim Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Moral Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Industrial Action ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S

Economic security in the coalfields was strengthened after the closure of Scotland’s largest colliery, Michael in East Fife, in 1967. The moral economy was enforced vigorously by the New Mine generation. Mobilisation averted a significant erosion of employment. Increased coal burn at new power stations was secured. As the creation of jobs in new industries slowed, so did the rate of employment loss in coal. Pits closed only where the interests of mining localities were carefully protected. Security was also pursued through industrial action for improved wages. The New Mine generation in Scotland was instrumental in shifting union politics to the left, and Scottish miners were prominent in major unofficial strikes in 1969 and 1970. Miners across Britain won significant pay increases in 1972 and 1974. These struggles reflected ambitions for more trenchant resistance to deindustrialisation, but the trend to unity across the coalfields was countered by the NCB’s introduction of area incentive schemes. The prominence of territorial divisions reinforced the Scottish labour movement’s argument that deindustrialisation and economic security were phenomena with distinct national features in Scotland.

ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC: REGIONAL ASPECT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Владимировна Болгова
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
The Creation

Выполнен анализ факторов обеспечения экономической безопасности регионов в условиях пандемии коронавируса, исследованы возможности региональных институтов и мер поддержки экономики, предложено создание инициативных экспертных институтов. The analysis of factors ensuring the economic security of the regions in the context of the coronavirus pandemic is carried out, the possibilities of regional institutions and measures to support the economy are investigated, the creation of initiative expert institutions.

Motorcycling in a Repair Society: A Maintenance and Repair–Centered Approach to Automobility

2020 ◽  
pp. 088832542095080
Author(s):  
Gabriel Jderu
Keyword(s):  
Additional Material ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Administrative Personnel ◽  
Lower Ranking ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Material Engagement ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Car Driving

In a departure from car-centered analyses of the automobility systems, this article highlights the importance of motorcycles and motorcycling in the mobility practices of socialist countries. For at least half of the existence of socialist mobility systems, and especially during the 1950s and 1960s, there were more motorcycles on the roads than cars. Motorcycling was important in commuting, for the mobility of lower-ranking administrative personnel in the countryside, and for mass tourism and leisure. Although in that era maintenance and repair practices were equally central to motorcycling and car-driving, the distinction between user-owner and mechanic was much more fluid in the case of motorcyclists. As a result, the centrality of maintenance and repair to socialist-era motorcycling offers an ideal opportunity to enrich current interdisciplinary conversations about breakdown, maintenance, and repair. Building on the car-centered research into maintenance and repair activities, I add additional material on the nature, types, and complexity of such practices for motorcycling. I outline nine forms of material engagement with motorcycles that reference, but transcend, the current dichotomies between necessity and pleasure, the formal and the informal, the technical and the aesthetic, and the repair of existing objects and the creation of new ones.

A Model for Managing a Regional Coal and Energy Cluster on the Example of the Kemerovo Region — Kuzbass

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
N. Kudrevatyh ◽  
K. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Energy Cluster

The development of the region directly depends on the work of economic entities, especially if they belong to the basic industries of specialization. Kuzbass was remains industrial region. Therefore, for its development in modern conditions of an unstable and constantly changing environment, a high level of competitiveness of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex is required, to achieve which it is necessary to develop relevant directions for increasing the economic security of enterprises. One of these areas is the creation of the Kuzbass coal and energy cluster in the region. The effectiveness of the functioning of such a structure largely depends on competent management. In this paper, a model for managing a regional coal-energy cluster proposed using the example of the Kemerovo region - Kuzbass.

Libraries working together: a Scottish perspective

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Ann Matheson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
National Database ◽  
National Library ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S

Cooperation between libraries is time-consuming, but is both ‘worthwhile and essential. Scottish research libraries commenced active cooperation in 1977: the Scottish Confederation of University and Research Libraries now has 15 active members. More recently, libraries in Scotland have been encouraged to work together following the creation of the Scottish Library and Information Council. The National Library has a key role to play, but in partnership with other libraries rather than invariably taking the lead. Cooperation between Scottish art libraries can be traced back to the 1950s and to the development, under the auspices of the National Library, of a union catalogue of art books in Edinburgh. This project is being extended and it will eventually become a national database. The group of libraries responsible for the project has taken on a wider role and an expanded membership as the Scottish Visual Arts Group, one of several subject groups under the umbrella of the Scottish Confederation of University & Research Libraries. The Group will work closely with the Scottish Library and Information Council, and with ARLIS/UK & Ireland in the wider framework of the United Kingdom. (This article is the revised text of a paper presented to the ARLIS/UK & Ireland 25th Anniversary Conference in London, 7th-10th April 1994).

scholarly journals ‘I Looked and Beheld a Country’: Home Movies, Homesteads and the Family Archive

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Clayton Rathbone
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Identity ◽  
Home Movies ◽  
Family Photographs ◽  
The Family ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S

Home movies, like family photographs, are important parts of family life, acting as ways to frame the idea of the family and connect different, inter-generational memories together. Footage of key moments helps develop a family identity, as well as locate it within broader historical contexts. As a result, home movies provide an incredibly useful source with which to examine the intersections between narratives of the family, nation and belonging. Utilising a collection of personal home movies, this paper will explore how these themes are touched on within the context of British Colonial Southern Africa. These films explore how ideas of family identity are rooted within ideas of home and belonging, articulating a conceptualisation of colonial Southern Africa as a ‘home-scape’ for descendant of British settlers living there during the 1950s and 1960s. These home movies draw attention to the creation of the idea of home and family, while also producing disruptive elements to those narratives.

Changing Communities and Collieries

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-79
Author(s):  
Jim Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Union Representation ◽  
Power Loading ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Union Voice ◽  
The 1960S

Economic security in the coalfields was intimately connected with underground safety. Hazards were mediated by the effectiveness of trade union representation. Where employers attacked workplace trade unionism, the risks to workers of death, serious injury and illness were increased. This was the pattern in the 1920s and 1930s, when private owners excluded forceful union advocates. The reverse was observable in the 1950s and 1960s, when nationalisation facilitated stronger union voice. The rate of fatality was cut by one half as a result. On this most fundamental of all questions, life and death, nationalisation was an unambiguous success. Major fatal disasters from the 1950s to the early 1970s showed that dangers were diminished but not eradicated. Changes in production, with the application of power-loading in the 1960s, also brought new hazards. Miners were nevertheless empowered by union voice and public ownership to act with greater vigilance in pursuit of safety and were compensated when missing shifts because of injury or illness. This was unmistakable progress towards greater security in the coalfields.

From Marvelmen to Pop Art (1950–1961)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Murray
Keyword(s):  
Pop Art ◽  
Independent Publishing ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter examines major developments in British comics during the period 1950–1961. It first considers comics as one of the cornerstones of children's entertainment in the 1950s before discussing the means by which American comics came to Britain as well as the objections to American comics in the country. It then describes the rise of girl's comics in the early 1950s, the appearance of parodies of the superhero, and the (continued) rise of the small superhero publishers. It also explores British publications that were viewed as doppelgangers of Captain Marvel, including Electroman, the production of Marvelman stories by the Gower Studio, and the resurrection of DC Thomson superheroes and the creation of new ones. Finally, it looks at the publications of Fleetway and the Independent Publishing Corporation (IPC) and suggests that the late 1950s and early 1960s were very interesting times for British adventure comics.

OPEC

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-134
Author(s):  
Giuliano Garavini
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S

In order to explain the creation of OPEC, Chapter 2 describes the spread of protests in the oil fields as well as the rise of nationalism in the Arab world, together with the radicalization of Venezuelan politics at the end of the 1950s. It explains in detail the organization of the first Arab Oil Congress in Cairo in 1959, the emergence of a group of oil technocrats in the Middle East and then the creation of OPEC in Baghdad in September 1960. The chapter further explores the nature of OPEC showing why, contrary to common beliefs, it cannot be defined as a “cartel,” while analyzing at the same time the first “operative” resolutions it approved in 1962.

Investment legislation of Ukraine and national investment security

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
V. Kudriavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
State Support ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
National Investment

Problem setting. This article deals with the problems of forming the legislative mechanism of creation and state support of the legal investment order, which should ensure the functioning of the investment market in the mode of observance of the principle of freedom of investment activity and at the same time real providing the national economy with investments in the necessary quantitative and qualitative parameters for the expanded reproduction of competitive socially-based production, without the use of excessive enforcement mechanisms labor, intellectual, financial and natural resources of the country and ensure the state of investment security. Analysis of scientific research. It is significant that public procurement has been the subject of scientific research by experts in commercial law: D.V. Zadikhaylo, V.K. Mamutov, O.P. Podserkovniy, V.A. Ustimenko, V.S. Shcherbinа, etc. The purpose of this scientific article is to identify the key problems of the formation of the legislative mechanism for the creation and state support of the legal investment order, which should ensure the functioning of the investment market and ensure the state of investment security. Article’s main body. The concept of national investment security, which is part of the national economic security of the country as a whole, is to systematically prevent the threat of a critical shortage of investment resources through the creation and state support of an appropriate legal investment order. The lack of a clear and systematic definition in the legislation of Ukraine of the legal mechanism of state regulation of economic relations, including investment, is a disadvantage, which frankly reduces the state’s ability to effectively influence economic processes and, consequently, its ability to fulfill its functional responsibilities in the sphere of economy. The investment component is a special subsystem of economic security that creates prerequisites for the best use of socio-economic relations in the development and scientific and technical restoration of productive forces of society through active investment activity. In studying the structure of the investment component we propose to take into account: inclusion of the investment component in the system of economic security of Ukraine; differentiation of the investment component by different levels of economy (country, region, industry, enterprise); the property of synergism, that is, the investment component of the economic security of the country is not a mere set of investment components of the economic security of regions and enterprises; formation of an investment component under the influence of many objective factors; the occurrence of various risks as a result of appropriate conditions. Conclusions and prospects for development. That’s why there is a need to develop and substantiate a system of initial concepts related to the economic and legal support of the implementation of the investment policy of the state: the investment market, the investment policy of the state, the legal investment policy of the state, the legislative investment policy of the state, the mechanism of formation of the legal investment policy, investment order and national investment security, etc.

scholarly journals Topographic Exposure and its Practical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Mikita ◽  
Martin Klimánek
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Elevation Model

Topographic Exposure and its Practical ApplicationsTopographic exposure is a topographic characteristic representing a degree of protection by a surrounding topography of a certain site. Detailed knowledge of topographic exposure has broad use in a number of applications ranging from studying forest wind damage through research on snow storage dynamics to optimisation in positioning wind power stations. This paper describes a method for creation of topographic exposure on the basis of a digital elevation model (DEM) using GIS. In combination with other climatic data on wind direction and speed, this factor is used to define the degree of terrain ventilation. Low terrain ventilation has, among other things, a significant influence on the creation of valley inversions and related vegetation zoning inversions. By combining the degree of terrain ventilation with DEM and forest vegetation zones in the area of the Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny, a clear relationship between the influence of topographic exposure, or terrain ventilation, and the creation of the vegetation zoning inversion was determined.

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