The Innovation Activity of Russian Enterprises from 2010 to 2020 according to Federal State Statistics Service

In modern conditions, there is a large-scale transformation of the Russian economy in the direction of its digitalization, accordingly, the innovative activity of enterprises and organizations is of particular importance. This work is devoted to the assessment of the dynamics of innovation activity of Russian enterprises for the period from 2010 to 2020 according to Rosstat of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the main indicators of innovation activity indicates that the level of innovation activity in the whole country is low, and most of the indicators show negative dynamics, which jeopardizes the implementation of many large-scale innovative projects. The results of the study can be used in planning and adjusting federal and regional programs for digitalization of certain industries and areas of activity.

The Use of Econometric Analysis in Forecasting Macroeconomic Processes

The article discusses the issues related to the influence of various price categories of goods on the level of inflation. The possibility of using econometric analysis for predictive purposes is considered. An econometric model of multiple regression of the influence of consumer prices on the level of inflation is formed. A linear multiple regression equation is constructed. The selection of factors for the construction of an econometric model is made. The main groups of goods are identified, the prices of which form the level of inflation and can have a primary impact. The viability of the model and the possibility of forecasting macroeconomic indicators based on econometric analysis are proved.

Innovative Processes and Innovations in Economic Activity

The article analyzes the state and prospects of development of innovation activity and its main components - innovations. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the innovative problems of economic activity that have already been identified at the present time and in the future, being a factor in its development, need to determine the range of tasks that will require their solution in the near future. The objects of innovation activity are increasingly becoming factors of production, forms of its organization, infrastructure, energy supply, education, its results, ecology. The subjects of future innovative research are likely to be the sources of material and energy supply of economic activity, the principles of formation and content of knowledge, methods of reducing environmental damage and preserving the natural habitat of people, alternatives to solving innovative problems, criteria for choosing preferred options Economic activity in the coming periods will not only change its content, but will also face the emergence of new problems and the need to solve them.

Formation of the Concept of Assessing the Educational Potential of Labor Resources As a Factor of Increasing Human Capital

Within the framework of the study, issues related to the importance of human capital in the process of improving the efficiency of enterprises and organizations were considered. The necessity to link the processes taking place in the education system with the processes of accumulation and formation of human capital is substantiated. The analysis of the possibility of using education as one of the significant factors for the development of human capital and its actualization according to the constantly changing external environment is carried out. The concept is developed within the framework of the approach resulting from the economic equilibrium in the short term, and assuming the immutability of cash flows in this period. The study defines the essence of higher education and forms assumptions that characterize the construction of a model of individual assessment of the quality of education. The results obtained in the course of the study can serve as a basis for optimizing the methodology for establishing a link between the individual trajectory of the formation of educational programs.

Management Analysis of the Economic Security of Enterprises

The unstable conditions of the market economy force the leadership of economic entities to especially carefully monitor the provision of economic security. An important tool in the activities of the economic security services (ECS) of enterprises can be management analysis tools. The goal of the study is to identify the most effective elements of the management analysis method, through which economic security specialists can protect firms from internal threats as effectively as possible. In article the author systematized theoretical aspects of ensuring economic security of the enterprises, presented results of observation and the analysis of work of services of economic security in 40 firms of the real sector of economy of the Central Federal District (CFD) and also offered key indicators for assessment of the weakest points in activity of experts of ECS. The author recommended key indicators for evaluation: forecasting the activities of enterprises, their effectiveness in terms of alternative projects, investment security. The author believes that key indicators should be calculated and analyzed as part of the express monitoring of enterprises in order to identify potential economic threats as quickly as possible, but easily. In order to assess the forecasting of the financial and economic activities of enterprises and the effectiveness of their functioning in the context of alternative projects, specialists of economic security services should, first of all, subject the operating processes of the company to checks: supply, production, sales.

Factors of Slowing Down the Economic Growth of Modern Russia

The analysis of Rosstat data made it possible to establish that the inequality of wages in a region depends on the average value of wages in this region. Based on cross-sectional data across regions, a model has been built showing that wage inequality is largely determined by the level of wages in the region. Analysis of the relationship between the level of remuneration of various categories of personnel in the region in relation to the average level of remuneration by region on the basis of cross-analysis of these regions made it possible to establish the following. The level of remuneration of managers and specialists is associated with a positive correlation with the average level of remuneration in the region, the level of remuneration of workers and employees is associated with a negative correlation with the average level of remuneration in the region. The higher the wages in the region, the more managers and specialists gain from this and the more workers and employees lose. The level of remuneration of workers in the regions is closely related to the negative correlation with the level of remuneration of managers and specialists. The growth in the level of remuneration in the region is reflected, first of all, in the growth in the level of remuneration for managers and specialists. This is due, firstly, to the fact that in post-industrial technological structures the role of specialists increases and the role of workers in the production of goods and services decreases, which is reflected in the assessment of their contribution to value creation. In addition, the segmentation of the labor market has an impact, its division into parts, between which effective social ties do not work. The upper segment, in which the more “profitable” jobs are distributed, has more executive and specialist jobs, while the lower segment includes the majority of office and blue-collar jobs.

The Essence and Main Differences of Consumer Societies from Credit Consumer Cooperatives in the Light of Attracting Citizens' Funds

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the essence of consumer and credit cooperatives in the context of attracting citizens' funds, the transformation of their economic processes and functions in the genesis of microeconomic development. The research is based on the analysis of historical documents and Russian publications, as well as on statistical conclusions of economic data. The aim of the study was to study the evolution of consumer societies and credit cooperatives as instruments for attracting household finances on the example of Russian and foreign companies since the middle of the XIX century. Semantic definitions of the categories consumer society and consumer credit cooperative, tasks and historical stages of the development of the studied communication tools in the field of attracting the means of the population are determined. The author's experience of comparative characteristics of the analyzed economic entities is proposed, reflecting the risks, advantages and disadvantages of the studied communication objects. The functions of the Bank of Russia as the main regulator of consumer credit cooperatives are disclosed. The final results of the study substantiate the importance of financial literacy and present an algorithm that allows the population to distinguish the legal activities of consumer credit cooperatives from fraudsters.

Problems of Wage Differentiation by Industry, Type of Ownership and Categories of Personnel in Russia

Differentiation of wages by industries, forms of ownership and categories of personnel makes it possible to reveal the inconsistency of economic development. The high level of wages in the extractive industry testifies to the development of industrial structures in the economy. The high level of remuneration in activities in information and communication is conditioned by the development of the fifth and sixth post-industrial structures. The low level of remuneration in science, information, in education in organizations of state and municipal property in comparison with organizations of non-state property indicates that insufficient attention is paid to economic policy to the development of industries that determine post-industrial development, for which it is necessary to accelerate scientific and technological progress. raising the level of education of the employed population, informatization. The low level of remuneration for specialists indicates that both in state and municipal property organizations and in non-state property organizations there is not enough interest in using the labor of specialists.

Digitization As the Main Trend of Innovative Transformation of the Economy

The work is devoted to the direction of digitalization in the innovative economy, the financial aspect. The sixth technological order, the trend "Resources, energy and ecology", commercialization and digitalization of innovations, the finiteness of resources are considered. The issues of the "green" economy, the prerequisites for its creation, the practice of state regulation, the concept of "4R" use of resources, renewable energy sources, distributed energy are consecrated. The article considers electric power storage devices that synchronize the processes of energy production and consumption. The analysis of the increase in carbon-free energy is made. The prospects of the Russian Federation in the "green" sector of the economy, the forecast for the "Strategy for the long-term development of the Russian Federation with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050", shows the importance of implementing the principles of environmental, social and corporate governance, responsible investment. The tendency of the unification of states on the basis of the "green" economy is shown. The conclusion is made about the action program with practical application.

Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of Training Complex System Operators

The possible ways of economic evaluation of the effectiveness of training operators to manage complex technical systems are analyzed. The variants of evaluation are considered, taking into account the achievement of a given level of reliability when performing management tasks, the professional suitability of operators for this type of activity based on their individual characteristics and the characteristics of the tasks being solved.