Economic Accessibility of Food: a Regional Aspect

The general level of socio-economic development and the quality of life depend on the economic availability of food, i.e. the ability of the local population to buy products recommended by the Ministry of Health. Each family has the right to afford quality food for all household members. The local economic availability of food depends, first of all, on the income per capita in a particular region. The present research assessed the economic availability of food in the Republic of Buryatia using such indicators as food supplies, cash income per capita, household budget structure, and self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs. The results were compared with the food situation in other regions of the Far Eastern Federal District and the average Russian data.

sectoral FORMS OF REGULATION of SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS: REGIONAL ASPECT

In this article, the author examines the system of regulation of social and labor relations at sectoral enterprises of the machine-building industry in the region. The study of the contribution of the industrial potential of the machine-building industry to the economy of the region and the country has been carried out. The goals and objectives of trade unions in the system of social partnership, legislative and legal acts regulating labor relations at the regional level are analyzed, the structure of the republican sectoral tripartite commission is shown and examples of the implementation of republican sectoral agreements and collective agreements of enterprises are presented. The author identified the possible risks of legal uncertainty in the regulation of social and labor relations at the regional sectoral level. New forms and mechanisms of interaction with Russian industrial corporations for solving social and economic issues of labor collectives have been formulated and proposed. The conclusion of corporate agreements is becoming one of the key benchmarks.

Victimological Characteristics and Prevention of Crimes Committed by Women (Regional Aspect)

The authors discuss the victimization characteristics of crimes committed by women in Irkutsk and Transbaikal Regions, the characteristics of the personality of the victim of these infringements, the behavioral patterns of the criminal and the victim in the process of victimization, their relationships and social connections. The research, based on the statistical analysis and study of 250 criminal cases, allowed the authors to come to a number of conclusions, including the following ones. Victimization trends in the regions under consideration are unfavorable, the victimization level is growing, and the growth rate is higher in Irkutsk Region than in Transbaikal Region. The structure of regional victimization is dominated by crimes against property, while other types in this structure are crimes against life and health, family and minors, as well as against health of the population and public morals. Characteristic features of victims of regional female crimes are age victimity, as every second victim in Transbaikal Region and every third in Irkutsk Region has it, and a considerable victimogenic personality deformation of most middle-aged victims. Such victims show guilty (unlawful, amoral or light-minded) behavior, which is the manifestation of their personal victimity. Using the obtained results, the authors worked out a system of victimological prevention measures aimed at stopping and neutralizing the identified victimogenic factors. They suggest legal, organizational, information, educational measures, as well as measures of rehabilitation and procedural nature. Taking into account the regional specifics of victimization, the personality of crime victims, their victim-like behavior can make the practice of victimological prevention more effective.

Peculiarities of the disease and prevalence of chronic cystitis among the female population of Ukraine in the regional aspect

The study uses data from state and industry official statistics for 2008-2017. Absolute and relative indicators of morbidity and prevalence of chronic cystitis among the female population of Ukraine, its regions and areas were analyzed taking into account two five-year periods for comparative assessment of the nature and intensity of dynamic processes. It is revealed that the number of patients with chronic cystitis (СC) registered in Ukraine is at the expense of women, which are 3-3.5 times more in number than men, with their characteristic more intensive growth (for 10 years by 3.6% against 0.4% among the adult population in the country). The first three places in the structure belong to the Southeastern region, Kyiv, Western region, the next – Central, Southern, Northeastern regions. Levels of the prevalence of the disease among women (100 thousand) are higher than the average in Ukraine and have a high growth rate (for 10 years by 13.5% from 232.2 to 263.6 against 9.3% from 171.5 to 187.5, respectively). Typical for Ukraine persistent increase in patients with the first diagnosis of chronic cystitis (0.8%, 2.1% and 2.8%, respectively, in the first, second periods and 10 years to 15112 in 2017) is also formed by this category (women's growth was 3.4%, 12.4%, and 5.0%, respectively, to 11.295). A similar situation was also identified in the analysis of the level of morbidity (per 100 thousand). In Ukraine, its growth rate for the last five years was 9.6% against 1.8% for the previous year, for 10 years – 11.9%, and the value reached 43.4 in 2017 against 38.8 in 2008. Among women, its levels are higher than the average in Ukraine (in 2017 – 59.2 against 56.1 in 2008), and the increase was more intense (by 6.2% and 11.3% over the periods; for 10 years – by 11.98%).

Implementation of the National Project «Labor Productivity and Employment Support» in the Perm Region: Facts, Problems, Prospects

In the context of the reorientation of the Russian economy towards an innovative development path, the issue of increasing labor productivity has become an important part of state policy.Currently, the country is implementing a large-scale national project «Labor productivity and employment support». The implementation of the project approach to managing labor productivity for the Russian economy is of strategic priority, since its application helps to increase the efficiency of resource use, realize the goals of modernizing production, and stimulate innovation and export activities of domestic enterprises.The aim of the study is to consider the regional aspect of the implementation of the priority national project «Labor productivity and employment support» on the example of the Perm region. The methodological basis of the study are comparative, statistical and expert methods.The paper analyzes the implementation of the national project «Labor productivity and employment support» in the Perm region; presents the actual results of the project; formulates problems in the implementation of project activities; identifies the prospects of the Perm region in the context of setting higher targets for the regional project «Labor productivity and employment support» in comparison with the figures for Russia as a whole.The materials outlined in this article can deepen knowledge about the specifics of the implementation of the priority national project «Labor productivity and employment support» at the regional level, as well as be used to adjust the course implementation of a regional project aimed at improving productivity in the Perm region.

REPRODUCTIVE ATTITUDES OF THE MODERN NEWLYWEDS: REGIONAL ASPECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF VLADIKAVKAZ)

В статье рассматриваются репродуктивные установки молодоженов в контексте изменения демографической ситуации в стране. Новизна исследования заключается в анализе репродуктивных установок молодоженов г. Владикавказа как региональной модели репродуктивного поведения, необходимой для понимания проблемы неоднородности развития российского социального пространства в целом. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили молодожены как социальная группа, заключившая брак и репродуктивное поведение которой способно обеспечить стабильное положение детей, повысить эффективность их социализации. В процессе исследования применен метод системного анализа, позволивший рассмотреть репродуктивные установки через социально-демографические, экономические и ценностные факторы. Обозначены этапы формирования репродуктивных установок молодоженов г. Владикавказа как части Северокавказского региона в целом. Представлены результаты исследования, проведенного в январе-сентябре 2021 г. среди 180 мужчин и женщин — 90 пар, зарегистрировавших брак в ЗАГСе г. Владикавказа. Дана социально-экономическая характеристика исследуемой группы. Репродуктивные установки рассмотрены как социально-психическое состояние личности, одним из маркеров которого является потребность в детях − идеальном, желаемом и ожидаемом числе детей. В результате анализа эмпирической базы исследования выявлено следующее: вне зависимости от возраста 100% опрошенных молодоженов г. Владикавказа нацелены на рождение совместных детей в барке, это, безусловно, обусловлено традиционными нормами наличия 2-3 детей в семье. Мотивация у современных молодоженов в XXI в. часто связана с обеспечением стабильного экономического положения. The article discusses the reproductive attitudes of the newlyweds in the context of changing demographic situation in the country. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the reproductive attitudes of the newlyweds of Vladikavkaz as a regional model of reproductive behavior necessary for understanding the problem of heterogeneity of the development of the Russian social space as a whole. The empirical basis of the study was made up of newlyweds - as a social group that has entered into marriage and whose reproductive behavior is able to ensure a stable position for children, to increase the effectiveness of their socialization. In the course of the study, the method of system analysis was applied, which allowed us to consider reproductive attitudes through socio-demographic, economic and value factors. The stages of the formation of reproductive attitudes of the newlyweds of Vladikavkaz, as part of the North Caucasus region as a whole, are outlined. The results of the study conducted in January – September 2021 among 180 men and women — 90 couples, who registered marriage in the Vladikavkaz registry office, are presented. The socio-economic characteristics of the studied group are given. Reproductive attitudes are considered as a socio-mental state of the individual, one of the markers of which is the need for children - the ideal, desired and expected number of children. Based on the analysis of the empirical base of the study, it was revealed that, regardless of age, 100% of the surveyed newlyweds in Vladikavkaz are focused on the birth of children, which is due to the regional context of traditional norms of childhood. It is concluded that the need for children among newlyweds is overwhelmingly associated with ensuring stable economic conditions.

Features of cargoes customs clearance under the “customs warehouse” regime

The essence and features of the customs regime «customs warehouse» in modern conditions of foreign economic activity are investigated. The sequence of stages of customs clearance of goods in the customs regime «customs warehouse» is clarified. The problems of «customs warehouses» and the peculiarities of placing goods in the customs warehouse, as well as the peculiarities of storage of goods, the permissible terms of their storage and the list of necessary documentation are analyzed. Today, the «customs warehouse» regime in the process of implementing various foreign economic transactions is extremely relevant and profitable. «Customs warehouse» is a customs regime according to which foreign or Ukrainian goods are stored under customs control with conditional full exemption from taxation by customs duties and without the application of measures of non-tariff regulation of foreign economic activity. This customs regime is applied when placing goods at the customs warehouse. Operations carried out with goods stored in the customs regime of the customs warehouse at the customs warehouse should not change the characteristics according to which these goods were classified according to the Ukrainian classification of goods of foreign economic activity. The term of storage of goods in the customs regime of the customs warehouse may not exceed 1095 days from the date of placement of these goods in the specified customs regime. Taking in to account the above, the «customs warehouse» mode is extremely convenient to use, and it can also be used when the final buyer is still unknown when importing goods, but when using this customs regime, the following problems arise: 1. Imperfection of the existing legislative regulation of activities when placing goods in the customs regime «customs warehouse». 2. Lack of clearly established tariffs for the use of services for the placement of goods in a customs warehouse. It is necessary to establish a unified pricing policy for the provision of customs warehousing services, taking into account the regional aspect. 3. Insufficient system of control and accounting of balances of goods in the customs warehouse. Such leftovers of goods can be in the customs warehouse for an unlimited time, and foreign economic entities will spend money on their storage. In addition, there is no legal regulation that could regulate the control of residues. 4. Inconsistency of the equipment of customs warehouses with existing requirements, since the customs warehouse must be provided in a favorable state, namely: technical and protective means to ensure the necessary regime, for the allocation of separate areas for customs warehouses near checkpoints or customs posts. 5. Failure to comply with the storage conditions of products, as well as the occurrence of financial losses of both counterparties under a foreign trade contract. The storage of goods in customs warehouses should be organized in such a way as to exclude the risks of damage to property, its theft, and destruction. According to the individual specialization of the product, there are requirements for the formation of special storage conditions, namely the appropriate temperature regime, which must always be maintained. In some cases, the only well-thought-out solution to solve this problem is to place the product in a temporary storage warehouse. To simplify customs procedures, the customs authorities of Ukraine are actively implementing the mechanism of electronic declaration, which significantly reduces the cost and reduces the time of customs clearance and enhances the effectiveness of customs control. Issues of efficiency of customs clearance are extremely important in foreign economic activity, as they directly affect the volume of exports and imports.