scholarly journals Evaluation of CIMMYT Wheat Lines under Egyptian Field Conditions to Identify New Sources of Resistance to Leaf Rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Walid Mohamed El-Orabey ◽  
Hosam Mohamed Awad ◽  
Sabry Ibrahim Shahin ◽  
Yasser Ahmed El-Gohary
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Progress Curve

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which causes considerable yield loss. Host resistance is the most effective and economical method to minimize yield losses caused by leaf rust. The current research was planned to evaluate the response of 93 wheat genotypes lines selected from 716 wheat genotypes delivered to Egypt by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). These genotypes were evaluated against leaf rust resistance under field conditions at two locations i.e. Behira governorate (Itay El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station) and Menoufia governorate during three successive growing seasons i.e. 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. Results of the current study showed that 47 wheat genotypes were resistant and had the lowest values of final rust severity (FRS %), average coefficient of infection (ACI) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Also, these genotypes showed desirable/acceptable relative resistance index (RRI) at the two locations during the three growing seasons of the study. Therefore, we can select these genotypes as resistant lines in the breeding program for the resistance of leaf rust.

scholarly journals Controlling Foliar Blight of Wheat through Nutrient Management and Varietal Selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Jaya P. Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Progress Curve

Helminthosporium leaf blight, a complex of spot blotch caused by Bipolaris  sorokiniana and tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is one of   the most important foliar diseases of wheat in Nepal. It appears in almost all wheat growing areas and causes severe yield loss every year. A study was   conducted at Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Sunsari during 2004-05 and 2005-06 wheat growing seasons to elucidate role of nitrogen in wheat genotypes for management of the disease. Field experiment was laid out on split plot design with three replications. Four doses of nitrogen in six different promising genotypes were tested. Nitrogen   levels higher than 50 kg ha-1 significantly reduced disease severity and increased grain yield in all genotypes but there was no significant differences in grain yield in the first year. In the second year, grain yield difference   among the genotypes was significant. Area under disease progress curve(AUDPC) was not significant between two doses 100 and 150 kg ha-1. The wheat genotypes showed different reactions to disease. Genotype BL 2047   had the lowest incidence of disease followed by BL 1887, whereas BL 2217 had the highest incidence of the disease. Genotype BL 2196 produced the highest grain yield (2172 kg ha-1) and the lowest grain yield was obtained in Bhrikuti followed by BL 2089. These results suggested that fertilizer should be applied in soil at balanced dose 100:50:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1. Growing relatively resistant genotypes with the balance dose of fertilizers can reduce foliar blight severity in wheat.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 85-93DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11645

scholarly journals Response of wheat genotypes against leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) under field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamshed Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Javed ◽  
Muhammad Waqas Jamil ◽  
Imran Habib ◽  
Shahid Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Research Institute

Leaf rust occurs worldwide wherever wheat is grown. The current research was planned to evaluate the response of 37 wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes against leaf rust resistance under field conditions during crop season 2017-18.These genotypes were sown in augmented design with two meter long line sowing method with 30 cm row to row distance at research area of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute (ABRI), Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan. After every five genotypes, a line of rust spreader “Morocco” was sown. Moreover, the trial was also surrounded by planting two rows of spreader to increase the inoculum pressure. Data was recorded on the basis of leaf rust severity scale. Leaf rust severity response was variable among tested genotypes. Out of thirty-seven genotypes, five wheat lines were immune (no disease symptoms) i.e. 17BT007, 17BT013, 16BT008, 16BT010 and 16BT011. Seven lines were found to be resistant with AUDPC vales ranged 1-199. Response of ten lines was moderately resistant while five lines were categorized as moderately susceptible. Ten genotypes exhibited susceptible response against leaf rust with more than 600 AUDPC value. High values above 600 of AUDPC showed greater incidence of leaf rust on wheat plants while lower AUDPC values indicated resistance to leaf rust. Present research provided the resistant wheat lines to the breeders to incorporate them in their breeding program against leaf rust.

scholarly journals Estimation of variability and heritability for morphological traits and leaf rust severity in spring wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-578
Author(s):  
Rudra Bhattarai ◽  
Bedanand Chaudhary ◽  
Kiran Baral ◽  
Shukra Raj Shrestha ◽  
Surya Prasad Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Stable Yield

The seed materials were received from National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa and field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station Tarahara during 2012 and 2013 in wheat growing season. The topography of the experimental site was 130 masl with sandy loam soil. The trial included 24 wheat genotypes laid out in alpha lattice design in eight sub blocks within two main blocks. The eastern region of Nepal has been facing the problem of sterility caused by different stresses during reproductive growth stage. So we need to develop the early maturing variety with high yielding potential that could escape the reproductive damage from rainfall, hot westerly wind and leaf rust epidemic. In this study, we identified BL3594, NL1026, NL297, BL3978 and NL1140 as early maturing wheat genotypes with 102, 102, 101, 97 and 102 days of maturity, respectively. The genotypes varied significantly for heading days, maturity days, plant height, spikes per meter square, grain per spikes and grain yield ton per hector. The most stable yield producing genotypes were BL3264, BL3535, BL3623, NL1135 and BL3978. The variety BL3978 had maturity duration of 97 days, even earlier than check variety NL297. The genotypes NL1093 and NL1094 had highest grain per spikes although had negative correlation coefficient with panicle length consequently led to the lower yield. The new genotypes like BL3978, BL3594 and NL1140 should be promote as appropriate varieties for terai region of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11625Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 574-578 

scholarly journals Identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr34 and Lr46 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) lines of different origin using multiplex PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tomkowiak ◽  
Roksana Skowrońska ◽  
Michał Kwiatek ◽  
Julia Spychała ◽  
Dorota Weigt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Pcr Marker ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Cereal Species

Abstract Leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici is one of the most dangerous diseases of common wheat. Infections caused by fungal pathogens reduce the quantity and quality of yields of many cereal species. The most effective method to limit plant infection is to use cultivars that show rust resistance. Genetically conditioned horizontal-type resistance (racial-nonspecific) is a desirable trait because it is characterized by more stable expression compared to major (R) genes that induce racially specific resistance, often overcome by pathogens. Horizontal resistance is conditioned by the presence of slow rust genes, which include genes Lr34 and Lr46. This study aimed to identify markers linked to both genes in 64 common wheat lines and to develop multiplex PCR reaction conditions that were applied to identify both genes simultaneously. The degree of infestation of the analyzed lines was also assessed in field conditions during the growing season of 2017 and 2018. Simple sequence repeat anchored-polymerase chain reaction (SSR-PCR) marker csLV was identified during analysis in line PHR 4947. The presence of a specific sequence has also been confirmed in multiplex PCR analyses. In addition to gene Lr34, gene Lr46 was identified in this genotype. Lines PHR 4947 and PHR 4819 were characterized by the highest leaf rust resistance in field conditions. During STS-PCR analyses, the marker wmc44 of gene Lr46 was identified in most of the analyzed lines. This marker was not present in the following genotypes: PHR 4670, PHR 4800, PHR 4859, PHR 4907, PHR 4922, PHR 4949, PHR 4957, PHR 4995, and PHR 4997. The presence of a specific sequence has also been confirmed in multiplex PCR analyses. Genotypes carrying the markers of the analyzed gene showed good resistance to leaf rust in field conditions in both 2017 and 2018. Research has demonstrated that marker assisted selection (MAS) and multiplex PCR techniques are excellent tools for selecting genotypes resistant to leaf rust.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes in Far Western Hills of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
Hari Kumar Prasai ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Year 2013

Coordinated Varietal Trial (CVT) and Advanced Varietal Trial (AVT) of wheat were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station,Doti during the year 2012 and 2013. Microplot Yield Trial (MPYT) were conducted during the year 2013. Total 20 genotypes were includedin CVT experiment of both years. Although the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was not found significant during the year 2012, NL1144 recorded the highest grain yield (4309 kg/ha) followed by NL 1140 (4295 kg/ha) and NL 1147 (4165 kg/ha) respectively. But in the year2013, NL 1097 produced the highest grain yield (4641 kg/ha) followed by NL 1135 (4383 kg/ha) and NL 1164 (4283 kg/ha) respectively.Statistically, the difference in grain yield due to genotypes was not found significant in the year 2013. Combined analysis over years was alsocarried out. Out of 20, only 10 genotypes were included in the CVT experiment, which were found similar in both years. Genotypes NL 1097(4079 kg/ha), NL 1140 (3814 kg/ha) and NL 1093 (3773 kg/ha) were found high yielding genotypes for river basin agro-environment of farwestern hills. Statistically, effect of year in tested characters was found significant whereas treatment effect was observed non-significant.Similarly, 20 genotypes of wheat were included in AVT of wheat during the year 2012 and 2013. Out of the genotypes included in AVT duringthe year 2012, KISKADEE No.1recorded the highest grain yield (3824 kg/ha) followed by CHEWINK No. 1 (3643 kg/ha) and WK 2120 (3583kg/ha). Statistically all the tested characters except grain yield were found significantly different due to genotypes. But in the same experimentof the year 2013, WK 2412 genotype recorded the highest grain yield (4407 kg/ha) followed by WK 2411 (4329 kg/ha) and Munal-1 (4054kg/ha). Statistically the difference in grain yield and other tested characters were found significantly different. Due to dissimilarity in the testedgenotypes we could not carry-out the combined analysis over years. Total 30 genotypes were included in the MPYT experiment of the year2013. Genotype WK 2272 recorded the highest grain yield (6080 kg/ha) followed by the genotypes WK 2274 (5152 kg/ha) and WK 2278(4480 kg/ha) respectively. Statistically, the difference in grain yield and other tested characters were found significantly different due togenotypes.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 417-422

scholarly journals Slow Rusting Resistance in Iranian Barley Cultivars to Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Hordei

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safar Ali Safavi ◽  
Assadollah Babai Ahari ◽  
Farzad Afshari ◽  
Mahdi Arzanlou
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Race-specific resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to the yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, has been reported to be short-lived. Slow rusting resistance has been reported to last for a long time. Twenty Iranian barley cultivars along with resistant and susceptible controls were tested during the 2009-2010 and the 2010-2011 cropping seasons, in field plots at the Ardabil Agricultural Research Station (Iran). The cultivars were tested to identify slow rusting genotypes through epidemiological variables which included: final rust severity (FRS), apparent infection rate (r), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC), and coefficient of infection (CI). Moreover, differential sets were evaluated in order to determine effective and ineffective resistance genes to barley yellow rust. Results of the mean comparison of resistance parameters showed that cultivars Makouee, Dasht, Fasih, and Arass had low values of FRS, CI, r and rAUDPC compared with susceptible cultivars. The cultivars Walfajre, Abidar and Sahand which had moderate values of the different parameters, were marked as possessing a moderate level of slow rusting. The rest of the cultivars which had high values of different quantitative parameters, were grouped as having a low level of slow rusting or as susceptible. The correlation coefficient between different parameters of slow rusting was significantly high (r = 0.83-0.98). The virulence profile of the prevalent races revealed that rpsEm1, rpsEm2, rpsHF, Rps4, rpsVa1, rpsVa2, rpsAst were effective, and rps2, Rps1.b were ineffective resistance genes during the two year testing period.

Characterisation of wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 in Australian wheats using components of resistance and the linked molecular marker csLV34

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Singh ◽  
R. F. Park ◽  
R. A. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Australian Wheat

A significant proportion of Australian wheat cultivars do not support leaf rust infections over winter and early spring periods despite available inoculum. To investigate why this occurs, tests of the leaf rust responses of 84 cultivars were conducted over 2 years in early (autumn) sown rust nurseries. More than 50% of the cultivars showed evidence of slow rusting and produced low to moderate area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values. Many of the slow rusting cultivars showed features including leaf tip necrosis (LTN), long incubation period (IP) and longer latent period (LP), all characteristically associated with gene Lr34. The molecular marker csLV34, which is closely linked to Lr34, was applied to these wheats and confirmed the presence of Lr34 in all. Application of this marker identified Lr34 in a further 10 cultivars that could not be assessed for slow rusting because of the presence of seedling resistance genes effective against pathotypes used in field nurseries. It was concluded that a major role of Lr34 resides in reducing initial rust increase, thereby minimising inoculum development through winter and early spring, and subsequently delaying the onset of epidemics and lowering yield losses.

scholarly journals Biochar Reduces the Adverse Effect of Saline Water on Soil Properties and Wheat Production Profitability

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. A. El-sayed ◽  
Mohamed Hazman ◽  
Ayman Gamal Abd El-Rady ◽  
Lal Almas ◽  
Mike McFarland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Growing Seasons

The goal of this study is to assess the use of saline groundwater in combination with soil amendments to increase the efficiency of wheat production in new agricultural soil in Egypt. The experiment was conducted during the two consecutive growing seasons, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, at the Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag, Egypt. In this study, plants of Shandaweel 1 spring bread wheat cultivar were grown under the combinations of the two water treatments, i.e., freshwater (307.2 ppm) and saline water (3000 ppm (NaCl + MgCl2)) representing groundwater in Egypt delivered by drip irrigation and the two biochar rates, i.e., zero and 4.8 ton/ha as a soil amendment. The cob corn biochar (CCB) was synthesized by using the slow pyrolysis process (one hour at 350 °C). The results revealed that saline water reduced the grain yield ratio by 8.5%, 11.0%, and 9.7% compared to non-saline water during seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 and over seasons, respectively. Concerning, combined over seasons, the biochar addition enhanced the grain yield by 5.6% and 13.8% compared to non-biochar addition under fresh and saline irrigation water conditions, respectively. Thus, the results indicated and led to a preliminary recommendation that saline groundwater is a viable source of irrigation water and that biochar seemed to alleviate salinity stress on wheat production and in reclaimed soils of Egypt.

scholarly journals Efficiency of leaf rust resistance genes in Martonvásár

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 593-595
Author(s):  
M. Gál ◽  
L. Szunics ◽  
G. Vida ◽  
Lu. Szunics ◽  
O. Veisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

The efficiency of leaf rust resistance genes in adult plants was studied on near-isogenic lines of Thatcher carrying known leaf rust resistance genes in the artificially inoculated leaf rust nursery of the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Martonvásár over a five-year period (1997–2001). Eight of the wheat lines tested (Lr9, Lr19, Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr35, Lr37) exhibited little or no infection. Lines carrying genes Lr13, Lr44 and LrB were resistant in two years and those carrying Lr34, Lr38 and LrW in three years, after which they suffered moderate or heavy infection. Three lines (Lr12, Lr17, Lr32) proved to be moderately resistant. The majority of the wheat lines tested became heavily infected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document