scholarly journals Adequacy of Quality Provisions in Standard Forms of Local and International Construction Contracts

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kwang Q.W. ◽  
Ting S. N
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Construction Contracts ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
International Construction ◽  
Construction Disputes ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
The One

Standard forms of contracts have been in use in the Malaysian construction industry as a means to expedite contractual and legal duties for the clients who wish to avoid expensive and complex legal endeavors to arrive at an agreement with their contractors. Various forms have been drafted by various professional bodies and organizations, both locally and internationally, to meet the demands of the local construction market for standard forms. Quality provisions are among the topics/issues covered in the standard forms. However, evidently, it is noted that the quality and its standards in the Malaysian construction industry has consistently remained as the root for many construction disputes. Whether or not standard forms of construction contracts have sufficiently cater for quality, remains a question. If the "one-size fits all" postulate does not hold especially when it comes to ensuring quality on site, the question of validity and effectiveness of standard forms becomes a pertinent one. This paper presents a study of various quality related clauses in local and international standard forms and comparisons were made among the chosen forms. Experts opinion within this field are sought as well in order to improve the robustness of this study. This paper also investigates the adequacy of the provision of these forms and suggests suitable changes to the current standard forms, where necessary, within the study.

Standardization of Factor VIII – IV. Establishment of the 3rd International Standard for Factor VIII: C Concentrate

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Barrowcliffe ◽  
A D Curtis ◽  
D P Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
International Standard ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryAn international collaborative study was carried out to establish a replacement for the current (2nd) international standard for Factor VIII: C, concentrate. Twenty-six laboratories took part, of which 17 performed one-stage assays, three performed two-stage assays and six used both methods. The proposed new standard, an intermediate purity concentrate, was assayed against the current standard, against a high-purity concentrate and against an International Reference Plasma, coded 80/511, previously calibrated against fresh normal plasma.Assays of the proposed new standard against the current standard gave a mean potency of 3.89 iu/ampoule, with good agreement between laboratories and between one-stage and two- stage assays. There was also no difference between assay methods in the comparison of high-purity and intermediate purity concentrates. In the comparison of the proposed standard with the plasma reference preparation, the overall mean potency was 4.03 iu/ampoule, but there were substantial differences between laboratories, and the two-stage method gave significantly higher results than the one stage method. Of the technical variables in the one-stage method, only the activation time with one reagent appeared to have any influence on the results of this comparison of concentrate against plasma.Accelerated degradation studies showed that the proposed standard is very stable. With the agreement of the participants, the material, in ampoules coded 80/556, has been established by the World Health Organization as the 3rd International Standard for Factor VIII :C, Concentrate, with an assigned potency of 3.9 iu/ampoule.

Approach of Cross-Country Comparisons on Residential Construction Industry for China

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 2510-2513
Author(s):  
Cheng Gang Xu ◽  
San Hua Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Residential Construction ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
International Construction ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Price Distortions ◽  
Currency Conversion

In cross-country comparisons of construction economy, the purchasing power parity index as a currency conversion coefficient can substitute for the exchange rates reduce construction price distortions. According to BOCC method, the special development conditions of residential construction industry for China and the regional differences of non-tradable goods, we propose the practices estimating purchasing power parity for the basic building, small and micro engineering between the countries of geographical proximity, which help the development of space index of China's construction cost and are an effective ways to accelerate contacts with the international construction market.

CONTRIBUTION-BASED PROFIT-SHARING SCHEME FOR JOINT VENTURES / PELNO PASIDALIJIMO TARP ĮMONIŲ SCHEMA, PAGRĮSTA PATIRTOMIS IŠLAIDOMIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Lin Hsueh ◽  
Min-Ren Yan
Keyword(s):  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Sharing Rule ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
International Construction ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
Cooperative Relationship

Along with globalization of the construction market, international construction firms often choose to cooperate with local construction firms in the form of Joint Ventures (JV) when they enter into the domestic markets of different countries. In this way, they cannot only reduce investment risks, but also enhance production efficiency, reduce costs and generate more profits. The conventional method of profit-sharing between JV firms is based on ratio of investment. However, as the firms make different contributions to the project, the rationality of such a profit-sharing method is often doubtful and thus is difficult to maintain a stable cooperative relationship for a JV team. Based on the concept of the cooperative game theory, this paper proposes a contribution-based profit-sharing model using Shapley Value. A case study is used to describe how firms can use this model to reach decisions of participation, and determine a fair profit-sharing rule after cooperation to enhance mutual trust and create the advantages of cooperation. Santrauka Vykstant statybos rinkos globalizacijai, tarptautinės statybos įmonės, patekusios į vietinę kitos šalies rinką, dažnai linkusios bendradarbiauti su vietos statybos įmonėmis. Jos gali ne tik sumažinti investicijos riziką, bet ir padidinti gamybos efektyvumą, sumažinti išlaidas ir gauti didesnį pelną. Tradicinis pelno pasidalijimo metodas tarp įmonių grindžiamas investicijų santykiu. Tačiau kai įmonių įnašas į projektą skirtingas, toks pelno metodo racionalumas dažnai abejotinas, todėl tokiu atveju yra sunku palaikyti stabilų įmonių bendradarbiavimą. Remiantis lošimų teorijos koncepcija, šiame darbe siūlomas pelno pasidalijimo modelis naudojant Shapley reikšmę. Skaitmeniniu pavyzdžiu rodoma, kaip įmonės gali taikyti šį modelį priimdamos sprendimus dėl dalyvavimo bendroje veikloje ir teisingo pelno pasidalijimo. Taip sustiprinamas tarpusavio pasitikėjimas ir sukuriamos bendradarbiavimo prielaidos.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANATOMY OF CONSTRUCTION DISPUTE

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Hidayat ◽  
Biemo W. Soemardi
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Construction Disputes ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

The advancement of the construction industry in Indonesia is often not accompanied with adequate infrastructure system, especially in terms of regulations and legal system. The enactment of Law no 80–1999 has contributed to the expansion of construction market by allowing the private sector, including those from overseas, to play bigger roles in the industry. Although strongly acknowledged by stakeholders in the industry, the progress made by the government and the practitioner in the industry to response to the needs for more appropriate actions to cope with this ever increasingly complex system has been very slow. The dynamic of the construction industry in the region has changed the formerly rigid government-dominated construction sector to become an intricate one. The impact of such dynamic in the industry has been apparent. In particular, construction disputes have been experiencing changing in the dynamic of the way the disputes were handled; from the traditional litigation approach toward modern alternative dispute resolution mechanism. While litigation remains the dominant construction dispute resolution mechanism, nonlitigation approaches such as arbitration and dispute review board are beginning to gain recognition in industry. This paper presents a study on the development of anatomy of construction dispute in Indonesia, which will serve as a framework for analyzing the dynamic of construction disputes in Indonesia. Such a framework will help to identify factors affecting construction dispute mechanism, from the initiation of disputes to the resolution. The anatomy is developed based on analysis of construction dispute cases that have been recorded in judicial courts as well as from Indonesian Arbitration Board.

scholarly journals BIM IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leighton Ellis ◽  
Hector Martin ◽  
Marlon Charles
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
Barriers To Implementation

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the latest innovation in Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology. A strong awareness exists amongst architects concerning the benefits of BIM, however they are equally hesitant to use such tools given the associated negative factors such as cost of training. Other external factors such as the construction market and customer requirements also pose barriers to implementation. The findings of this study provide context for understanding how BIM is used in the practice of Architect in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T). It can be used as a starting point to develop future research into how this technology can be effectively implemented in the practice of Architecture and the wider local construction industry. The findings of the study highlight the need to formulate a strategy for the implementation of BIM and the creation of an appropriate supportive environment for its use in the local construction industry. This requires collaboration from all stakeholders, private and public, to invest and support the development of the necessary policy and standards for BIM implementation, including technical training in the use of software and training in the management of its processes in practice.

scholarly journals Analysis of internationalization trends in the construction industry with an overview on Croatian construction companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1975-1983
Author(s):  
Lana Lovrenčić Butković ◽  
Matej Mihić
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
International Construction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Construction

Abstract Today’s level of globalization and intensifying of competition have resulted in increased number of companies that aim to internationalize their business, and internationalization is gaining more and more significance among the research community. There are not only many perceived benefits of conducting business activities outside one’s home country but also additional risks, challenges and barriers. Construction industry is specific in its nature as it is an extremely regulated profession. This presents an additional challenge to the construction companies seeking to internationalize their business. The goal of the paper is to analyze the current levels of internationalization on the global construction market and to gain insight into future trends, which are achieved by analyzing business data regarding the international construction sector and the data on international results of the Croatian construction companies. The paper first presents the development of the international construction market, followed by the report on the current state of the internationalization in the construction industry as well as on future trends. Finally, the paper presents an overview on the Croatian construction companies and their performance on the foreign markets and gives guidelines or potential growth strategies to participate on the foreign markets.

REVIEW AND ADOPT A TOOL FOR MEASURING SAFETY CLIMATE IN INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Gao ◽  
Albert P. C. Chan ◽  
Wahyudi P. Utama ◽  
Hafiz Zahoor
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
International Construction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Construction Safety Management

The construction industry is deemed to be one of the most dangerous industries worldwide due to its special characteristics of production process. Globalization has brought about an increasing number of construction companies involving themselves in the international construction market. Due to involvement of participants from different countries and regions, international construction projects possess complexities from national, organizational and individual perspectives which may affect construction safety management adversely and lead to unsatisfactory safety performance. Safety climate, defined as “a unified set of cognitions regarding the safety aspects of the organization”, is often considered to be a predictor of safety behavior and performance. After conducting a comprehensive review of existing literature related to safety climate measurement in construction sector, this study highlights several conditions for selecting suitable safety climate instruments specific in international construction projects.

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

scholarly journals Concentration in the international construction market

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunhui Ye ◽  
Weisheng Lu ◽  
Weiyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Construction Market ◽  
International Construction
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