scholarly journals Gambaran Radiologi pada Craniosynostosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Rahim ◽  
Hesti Gunarti ◽  
Nurhuda Hendra Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Radiological Examination ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Therapeutic Evaluation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Examination Techniques

Craniosynostosis is a condition in which there is premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, causing neurological disorders, distinctive deformities of the face and skull, also accompanied by increased intracranial pressure, visual impairment, deafness and cognitive deficits.  Craniosynostosis may appear in primary or secondary secondary to other disorders. As many as 85% of primary craniosynostosis emerged as a single condition while the remaining 15% as part of the multisystem syndrome. Radiological examination is important for accurate diagnosis, surgical planning, therapeutic evaluation and identification of comorbid anomalies and complications related to craniosynostosis. Computed Tomography (CT) with 3-D reconstruction is a technique used to diagnose craniosynostosis because it can provide a better picture of bone. Nevertheless, the presence of radiation exposure from CT scan, especially in infants causes the authors to look for alternatives to other radiological examination techniques including the use of ultrasonography, plain cranial rontgen and MRI

Neurology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Paterson ◽  
Laszlo Sztriha
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common

The face of neurology in clinical practice is changing. Neurology is no longer primarily a diagnostic specialty. As more therapeutic treatments become available in all fields from epilepsy to multiple sclerosis, early and accurate diagnosis is increasingly required so that patients can benefit from early treatment aiming to reduce the lifelong burden of neuro­logical disease. Diagnosis of neurological disorders is often considered by junior doc­tors to be highly complex and, as such, is responsible for a great deal of anxiety. One of the most difficult challenges can be determining the loca­tion of the lesion. A helpful approach to this is by analysis of the patterns that each lesion produces. Table 8.1 describes some of the common patterns seen in clinical practice, and the questions in this chapter will attempt to highlight some of the other specific presentations needed in assessing the neurology patient.

Facial Surface Anthropometric Features and Measurements With an Emphasis on Rhinoplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mazhar Celikoyar ◽  
Michael F Perez ◽  
M Ilhan Akbas ◽  
Oguzhan Topsakal
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Anthropometric Features ◽  
The Face ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Objective Outcomes ◽  
A Current

Abstract Background Facial features and measurements are utilized to analyze patients’ faces for various reasons, including surgical planning, scientific communications, patient-surgeon communications, and post-surgery evaluations. Objectives There are numerous descriptions regarding these features and measurements scattered throughout the literature and we did not encounter a current compilation of these parameters in the medical literature. Methods A narrative literature review of the published medical literature for facial measurements used for facial analysis in rhinoplasty was done through the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar, along with a citation search. Results A total of 61 facial features were identified. 45 points (25 bilateral, 20 unilateral), five lines (three bilateral, two unilateral), eight planes, and three areas. A total of 122 measurements were identified: 48 distances (6 bilateral, 42 unilateral), 57 angles (13 bilateral, 44 unilateral), and 17 ratios. Supplemental Figures were created to depict all features and measurements using either a frontal, lateral or basal view of the face. Conclusions This paper provides the most comprehensive and current compilation of facial measurements to date. We believe this compilation will guide further developments (methodologies and software tools) for analyzing nasal structures and assessing the objective outcomes of facial surgeries, in particular rhinoplasty. Moreover, it will improve the communication as a reference for facial measurements of facial surface anthropometry, in particular rhinoplasty.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks and Geometric Moments to Identify the Bilateral Symmetric Midplane in Facial Skeletons from CT Scans

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dalvit Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Thomas Richard Jenkyn ◽  
Victor Alexander Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Intact Side ◽  
Geometric Moments ◽  
The Face

In reconstructive craniofacial surgery, the bilateral symmetry of the midplane of the facial skeleton plays an important role in surgical planning. Surgeons can take advantage of the intact side of the face as a template for the malformed side by accurately locating the midplane to assist in the preparation of the surgical procedure. However, despite its importance, the location of the midline is still a subjective procedure. The aim of this study was to present a 3D technique using a convolutional neural network and geometric moments to automatically calculate the craniofacial midline symmetry of the facial skeleton from CT scans. To perform this task, a total of 195 skull images were assessed to validate the proposed technique. In the symmetry planes, the technique was found to be reliable and provided good accuracy. However, further investigations to improve the results of asymmetric images may be carried out.

On the Measurement of the Palate in Idiots and Imbeciles

1876 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Claye Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Prima Facie ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
High Arched Palate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Face

There is a general idea expressed in text-books, and more or less freely asserted in practice, but which I shall prove to be a fallacy, that a high-arched palate is so frequently met with in idiocy and imbecility that it may be taken as a sign of their existence. Indeed, when a case of this kind is brought forward the patient is made to open his mouth, under the conviction that a high palate will be found as certainly as a superficial alteration of the tongue in gastric disturbance. We shall see that the connection is an accidental one; and there is, in reality, no relationship between the development of the intellect and the height and width of the palate. If we consider that the bones of the cranium are developed in a different manner from those of the face, and that ossification at the base is complete long before that of the bones forming the palate, it is clear that there can be no primâ facie reason for thinking that because a person has an imperfect brain he should therefore have an imperfect palate; yet such an interdependence is held. It is quite true that a constitutional taint, such as rickets or syphilis, which affects the ossification of the bones generally and the cranial sutures, would probably affect the palatine bones, and hence it is that many idiots and imbeciles are found to have high or imperfect palates: but on the other hand some modifying taint may dwarf the height of the body, may affect the shape of the head to such an extent as to make an idiot of the microcephalic type, and yet leave the palate untouched, perfect in all conditions of width, height, number, quality, and regularity of teeth.

Multiple Suture Synostosis and Increased Intracranial Pressure following Repair of Single Suture, Nonsyndromal Craniosynostosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Hudgins ◽  
Steven R. Cohen ◽  
Fernando D. Burstein ◽  
William R. Boydston
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Common Multiple ◽  
Expansion Procedure ◽  
Delayed Closure ◽  
Single Suture ◽  
Less Common Multiple ◽  
Increased Icp

Objective Increased intracranial pressure, frequently associated with closure of multiple cranial sutures, has been reported to occur in 36% of cases following correction of syndromal craniosynostosis. Although much less common, multiple suture closure may occur following repair of single suture, non-syndromal craniosynostosis and we present cases that concern two such children. Results Two children with nonsyndromal craniosynostosis, one metopic and one left-coronal, underwent fronto-orbital advancement at age 3 months. At age 19 months and at age 5 years, respectively, both patients re-presented with headaches, decrease in head circumference percentile, and acceptable cosmetic outcome. Both had computerized tomographic evidence of multiple closed cranial sutures and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) (determined by monitoring). Both patients improved following a cranial expansion procedure. Conclusion Delayed closure of multiple sutures and resultant increased ICP may occur following correction of nonsyndromal, single suture craniosynos-tosis. This may be more likely when the initial suture is contiguous with the facial sutures. Children should be followed for many years following cranio-synostosis repair with cranial, neurologic, and possibly funduscopic examinations as well as head circumference measurements to detect delayed closure of cranial sutures.

scholarly journals Disturbance-Region Removal on Landmark-less Registration of Craniofacial Images Acquired by CBCT and 3D Photography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shu-Yen Wan ◽  
◽  
Lun-Jou Lo ◽  
Che-Yao Chang
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Fiducial Markers ◽  
Surface Mesh ◽  
Symmetric Region ◽  
The Face ◽  
3D Photography ◽  
Facial Images

Superimposition of cranio-maxillofacial images acquired from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and facial images acquired from three-dimensional photography (3D photography) can assist in diagnosis and surgical planning. Conventional approaches individually identified prominent facial landmarks on both modalities, respectively and assessed their correspondence. Considering, however, variation of facial expressions or drastic feature distortion when the face or head was imaged at different timing, landmark registration can become challenging. This paper proposes a disturbance-region removal (DRR) procedure to improve the efficacy of registration. The disturbance regions (DRs) are defined as those exhibiting strong responses in the concavity intensity maps that are computed from the facial surface mesh. Following this identification process for the DRs, an adapted symmetric region growing algorithm is used to form the connected DRs that are to be removed prior to superimposition of both modalities. The results show a twenty-eight percent better match of overall correspondence of the facial fiducial markers. Instead of being the registration guides in conventional approaches, in this study the fiducial markers are employed as only a means to assess the performance of registration

The influence of cognitive impairment on health-related quality of life in neurological disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Mitchell ◽  
Steven Kemp ◽  
Julián Benito-León ◽  
Markus Reuber
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Mitchell AJ, Kemp S, Benito-León J, Reuber M. The influence of cognitive impairment on health-related quality of life in neurological disease.Background:Cognitive impairment is the most consistent neurological complication of acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Historically, most focus was on dementia but now has been broadened to include the important construct of mild cognitive impairment.Methods:Systematic search and review of articles linked quality of life (QoL) and cognitive complications of neurological disorders. We excluded QoL in dementia.Results:Our search identified 249 publications. Most research examined patients with brain tumours, stroke, epilepsy, head injury, Huntington's disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Results suggested that the majority of patients with epilepsy, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke and head injury have subtle cognitive deficits early in their disease course. These cognitive complaints are often overlooked by clinicians. In many cases, the cognitive impairment is progressive but it can also be relapsing-remitting and in some cases reversible. Despite the importance of severe cognitive impairment in the form of dementia, there is now increasing recognition of a broad spectrum of impairment, including those with subclinical or mild cognitive impairment. Even mild cognitive difficulties can have functional and psychiatric consequences–especially when they are persistent and untreated. Specific cognitive deficits such an inattention, dysexecutive function and processing speed may affect a number of quality of life (QoL) domains. For example, cognitive impairment influences return to work, interpersonal relationships and leisure activities. In addition, fear of future cognitive decline may also impact upon QoL.Conclusions:We recommend further development of simple tools to screen for cognitive impairments in each neurological condition. We also recommend that a thorough cognitive assessment should be a part of routine clinical practice in those caring for individuals with neurological disorders.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Management of Brain Abscesses in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 118-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslim S. Soetomenggolo ◽  
Jimmy Passat ◽  
Hardiono D. Pusponegoro ◽  
Sofyan Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Nonsurgical Patients ◽  
Better Than

During 4 years, 20 patients with brain abscesses were hospitalized in the Departement of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, jakarta. Of those 20 patients 11 were males and 9 were females. The youngest patient was 2 months old and the oldest was 12 years old. The important signs and symptoms in making diagnosis were the sign of injection, increased intracranial pressure, and focal neurological disorders. Laboratory examinations were of little value in establishing the diagnosls of brain abscess. By performing head CT Scan the diagnosis of brain abscess will be confirmed accurately. Of the 20 patients, 15 (75 %) suffered from single abscess and 5 (25 %) suffered from multiple abscesses. The results of treatment by surgical intervention were better than nonsurgical treatment. The high mortallty of the nonsurgical patients was caused by the severity of the disease due to the ignorancy of their parent.

Surgical Planning for Composite Tissue Allotransplantation of the Face Using 320-Detector Row Computed Tomography

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyoshi Soga ◽  
Hale Ersoy ◽  
Dimitrios Mitsouras ◽  
Kurt Schultz ◽  
Amanda G. Whitmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Composite Tissue Allotransplantation ◽  
Composite Tissue ◽  
The Face

Three Dimensional CT Reconstruction for the Evaluation and Surgical Planning of Facial Fractures

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Koltai ◽  
Gary W. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spatial Imagination ◽  
The Relationship

Despite advances in radiology—including CT scanning—the three-dimensional (3D) nature of facial fractures must still be inferred by the spatial imagination of the physician. A computer system (Insight Phoenix Data Systems, Inc., Albany, N.Y.) uses CT studies as substrate for 3D reconstructions. We have used the insight computer for the evaluation and surgical planning of facial fractures of 16 patients with complex injuries. We present five illustrative cases, directly photographed from the computer monitor. Images can also be manipulated in real time by rotating or planar sectioning (functions best appreciated on video). The ability to cybernetically extract the facial skeleton from living subjects provides precise anatomic data previously unobtainable. The images are valuable for an accurate assessment of the relationship between the injured and uninjured sections of the face. We conclude that 3D reconstruction is an important advance in the treatment of facial fractures.

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