scholarly journals Diagnosis and Management of Brain Abscesses in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 118-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslim S. Soetomenggolo ◽  
Jimmy Passat ◽  
Hardiono D. Pusponegoro ◽  
Sofyan Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Nonsurgical Patients ◽  
Better Than

During 4 years, 20 patients with brain abscesses were hospitalized in the Departement of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, jakarta. Of those 20 patients 11 were males and 9 were females. The youngest patient was 2 months old and the oldest was 12 years old. The important signs and symptoms in making diagnosis were the sign of injection, increased intracranial pressure, and focal neurological disorders. Laboratory examinations were of little value in establishing the diagnosls of brain abscess. By performing head CT Scan the diagnosis of brain abscess will be confirmed accurately. Of the 20 patients, 15 (75 %) suffered from single abscess and 5 (25 %) suffered from multiple abscesses. The results of treatment by surgical intervention were better than nonsurgical treatment. The high mortallty of the nonsurgical patients was caused by the severity of the disease due to the ignorancy of their parent.

Brain Abscess

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha A. Chinai
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Repeat Imaging

A brain abscess is a life-threatening infection within the brain that originates as cerebritis and evolves into an encapsulated collection of purulent material. Epidemiologically, brain abscesses are seen more frequently in immunocompromised patients. The signs and symptoms of a brain abscess are influenced by the location and size of the infection, the causative pathogen, and the patient’s immune status and medical comorbidities. This diagnosis requires neurosurgical consultation for management and inpatient admission. The majority of patients undergo either needle aspiration or surgical excision. This is critical for obtaining a specimen for culture in order to direct accurate and specific antimicrobial therapy. Needle aspiration is more commonly utilized and has a lower mortality rate than surgical excision. Repeat imaging is required for any change in mental status. Empiric antibiotic selections are guided by the most likely source of infection and are adjusted for renal function.

Neurological Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit L. Bleecker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Biological Plausibility ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurologic Disorders

This chapter describes neurologic disorders related primarily to occupational exposures along with presenting signs and symptoms. Acute or subacute occupational exposure to high levels of neurotoxic compounds, which occurred in the past and resulted in unique presentations of neurological disorders, occur infrequently today. Sections include the evaluation of toxic neuropathies and the approach to neurobehavioral impairment along with the cognitive domains commonly affected with exposure to neurointoxicants. A section describes the approach to a patient with exposure to neurointoxicants that includes the need for a temporal association between exposure and effect, a dose-effect relationship, biological plausibility, and other causes eliminated Effects of selected neurotoxins are described, including carbon monoxide, lead, organic solvents, and manganese.

scholarly journals Brain Abscess Caused by Nocardia: Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Finger ◽  
Maria Eduarda Conte Gripa ◽  
Tiago Paczko Bozko Cecchini ◽  
Tobias Ludwig do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Brain Abscesses

AbstractNocardia brain abscess is a rare clinical entity, accounting for 2% of all brain abscesses, associated with high morbidity and a mortality rate 3 times higher than brain abscesses caused by other bacteria. Proper investigation and treatment, characterized by a long-term antibiotic therapy, play an important role on the outcome of the patient. The authors describe a case of a patient without neurological comorbidities who developed clinical signs of right occipital lobe impairment and seizures, whose investigation demonstrated brain abscess caused by Nocardia spp. The patient was treated surgically followed by antibiotic therapy with a great outcome after 1 year of follow-up.

scholarly journals Meat Hook Injury Leading to Brain Abscess: A Rare Occurrence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batuk Diyora ◽  
Gagan Dhall ◽  
Mehool Patel ◽  
Mazharkhan Mulla ◽  
Nilesh More ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Penetrating Injury ◽  
Perilesional Edema ◽  
Delayed Complications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Local Examination ◽  
Abscess Wall ◽  
Primary Injury

AbstractTransorbital orbitofrontal penetrating injury by a nonmissile object is uncommon. The presentation of this injury varies. This injury can be easily missed during the initial clinical presentation, because the foreign body is sometimes not visible on local examination, the wound on the orbital skin is small, and very subtle signs are present. The patient can present with delayed complications of the primary injury. Our patient was a 33-year-old male who presented with an orbitofrontal injury with a meat hook. He had minor symptoms at the time of presentation, which were overlooked. Three weeks later, he developed signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Brain imaging revealed a peripheral rim of contrast-enhancing mass lesion in the right frontal lobe, extending into the right orbit with perilesional edema suggestive of posttraumatic brain abscess. Via right frontal craniotomy, pus was drained out and abscess wall was excised. The patient made good clinical recovery. A higher index of suspicion and sound knowledge of occult penetrating injury patterns is required in the cases of orbital injuries. Appropriate radiological imaging can lead to an earlier and accurate diagnosis, and can prevent its delayed sequela like brain abscess.

scholarly journals Multiple Brain Abscesses by an Air Gun Shot: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jamali ◽  
Iman Ahrari ◽  
Keyvan Eghbal ◽  
Arash Saffarrian ◽  
Abbas Rakhsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Penetrating Brain Injury ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
Gun Shot ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Air Gun Pellet

Abstract Introduction Low-velocity penetrating brain injury is not prevalent. In some conditions such as childhood, and with the penetration of a pellet in weak spots of skull, low-velocity penetrating brain injury is expected; however, high-velocity projectiles have also been reported as the cause of severe brain injuries. One of the complications of penetrating brain injury is infection, in which different types of microorganisms play a role. The Streptococcus genus is the leading cause of abscess formation in non-traumatic patients. Multiple brain abscesses are not common. Case Presentation A 10-year-old boy with penetrating brain injury caused by an air gun pellet, who developed signs and symptoms of high intracranial pressure 18 days after the trauma. After the imaging scans and the detection of multiple brain abscesses and severe brain edema, prompt surgical intervention was performed for all three lesions in a single operation. The culture of a pus specimen was positive for Streptococcus species, and, with adequate antibiotic therapy, the patient was discharged from the hospital in good condition. Conclusion Brain injury with air gun shot is not prevalent. The penetration of a low-velocity air gun pellet in weak points of the skull (such as the orbit, the squamous portion of the temporal bone, and the cranial suture), specially in children, can cause significant brain injuries.

POLYNEURITIS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-990
Author(s):  
Niels L. Low ◽  
Julia Schneider ◽  
Sidney Carter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Clinical Records

Polyneuritis in children is becoming more common. The clinical picture is variable; it may be manifested by motor and sensory findings, or by a combination of peripheral and cranial nerve signs and symptoms. The etiology is usually obscure. The pathologic picture varies with the severity of the disease and differs according to the stage at which the patient dies, but all fatal cases show the same main characteristic changes. Clinical records of 30 cases, 17 boys and 13 girls from 17 months to 16 years of age, are reviewed. The clinical manifestations, course and treatment are described.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes Brain Abscess: Controversial Issues for the Treatment—Two Cases and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Tiri ◽  
Giulia Priante ◽  
Lavinia Maria Saraca ◽  
Lucia Assunta Martella ◽  
Stefano Cappanera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
System Manifestation

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an opportunistic pathogen, and the most common central nervous system manifestation is meningitis while listerial brain abscesses are rare. We describe 2 cases of brain abscess due to LM and a literature review. Only 73 cases were reported in the literature from 1968 to 2017. The mean age was 51.9, and the mortality rate was 27.3%. In 19% of cases, no risk factors for neurolisteriosis were identified. Blood cultures were positive in 79.5% while CSF or brain abscess biopsy material was positive in 50.8%. In 40% was started a monotherapy regimen while in 60% a combination therapy without substantial differences in mortality. Fifty-two percent underwent neurosurgery while 45.3% has been treated only with medical therapy. The mortality rates were, respectively, 13% and 38.2%. Only 25% of patients who were treated for ≤6 weeks underwent neurosurgery, while 80% of those who were treated for ≥8 weeks were operated. The mortality rates were, respectively, 12.5% and 0%, suggesting that a combined approach of surgery and prolonged medical therapy would have an impact on mortality. We believe that it is essential to carry out this review as brain abscesses are rare, and there are no definitive indications on the optimal management, type, and duration of therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and CT Manifestations of 143 Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yani Kuang ◽  
Susu He ◽  
Shuangxiang Lin ◽  
Rui Zhu ◽  
Rongzhen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
First Case ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: In December 2019, the first case of pneumonia associated with the SARS-CoV-2 was found in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China, so data are needed on the affected patients. The purpose of our study was to find the clinical manifestations and CT features of COVID-19.Methods: All patients with COVID-19 in Taizhou city were retrospectively included and divided into non-severe group and severe group according to the severity of the disease. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and imaging features of COVID-19 patients were analyzed, and the differences between the two groups were compared.Results: A total of 143 laboratory-confirmed cases were included in the study, including 110 non-severe patients and 33 severe patients. The median age of patients was 47 (range 4–86 years). Fever (73.4%) and cough (63.6%) were the most common initial clinical symptoms. Between two groups of cases, the results of aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, serum albumin, CR, glomerular filtration rate, amyloid protein A, fibrinogen, calcitonin level and oxygen partial pressure, IL – 10, absolute value of CD3, CD4, CD8 were different, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Therefore, these quantitative indicators can be used to help assess the severity. On admission, the CT showed that the lesions were mostly distributed in the periphery of the lung or subpleural (135 cases (98%)), and most of lesions presented as patchy (81%), mixed density (63%) shadow. Consolidation (68% vs 41%), bronchial inflation signs (59% vs 41%), and bronchiectasis (71% vs 39%) were more common in the severe group.Conclusions: Most of the cases of COVID-19 in Taizhou have mild symptoms and no death. In addition to clinical symptoms, some laboratory tests (such as absolute values of CD4 and CD8) and CT findings can be used to assess the severity of the disease.

Brain Abscess and Spinal Epidural Abscess

2019 ◽  
pp. 642-648
Author(s):  
Selby G. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Spinal Epidural Abscess ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Spinal Epidural ◽  
The Brain

Two infections of the brain are relatively common. Patients with brain abscess are often critically ill and have a high mortality rate. The reported incidence of brain abscesses ranges from 0.4 to 0.9 per 100,000 people. In contrast, spinal epidural abscess (SEA), an infection of the epidural space, has increased in incidence from approximately 0.2 to 1.2 per 10,000 hospital admissions in the mid-1970s to a currently estimated 2.0 to 12.5 per 10,000 admissions. Both disorders are now more easily detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and this has improved early management, but clinical recognition is still a challenge for many physicians.

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