scholarly journals Machine Gun Politics: Why Politicians Cooperate with Criminal Groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Bullock

Why do politicians cooperate with organized criminal groups? Existing accounts explore such groups’ incentives to cooperate, but largely treat politicians as either victims of violence or passive bribe takers. This paper considers why politicians may seek criminals’ help to get votes. I argue that some politicians win by using an electoral strategy called criminal clientelism. Politicians hire criminal groups as brokers to deliver votes through two mechanisms: (1) corralling mobilizes groups of residents to the polls and (2) gatekeeping prevents rival candidates from accessing voters. I use a natural experiment that leverages exogenous variation in voter assignment to ballot boxes and a novel dataset on criminal governance to test my theory in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I show that corralling increases turnout and influences vote choice, and gatekeeping restricts the candidate pool. Together, the mechanisms underpinning criminal clientelism decrease competitiveness and increase the probability of victory for criminally allied candidates.

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Gabriela Fernandes e Silva ◽  
Maíra Domingues Bernardes Silva ◽  
Leila Rangel Da Silva ◽  
Inês Maria Meneses dos Santos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the kinds of violence suffered in gestational period based on Ecological Model of Violence from Pan American Health Organization and to discuss the violence concept under point of view from pregnant women. Method: descriptive study from qualitative approach conducted in a public maternity in Rio de Janeiro city. One hundred interviews were conducted with mothers in the Rooming-in Care. Results: among women who have suffered some kind of violence there is a greater proportion of physical aggression (67%), and the aggressor is, in most cases (33%), a person close to the woman. The victims did not seek a specialized help service (79%). The socio-demographic profile showed that the predominant age range was 20-29 years (56%), with a low level of schooling, less than 06 years of study, with a predominant family income of more than two minimum wages and residents, most of them (27%) from A.P.3.1 Méier. Conclusions: it’s important to ensure human rights and enhance the full care to women victims of violence. The existance of a regular training is essential to take care of these women, facing this violence phenomenon, offering then a careful, ethical and humane nursing. Descriptors: violence; pregnant; women; battered women.RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os tipos de violência sofrida no período gestacional à luz do Modelo Ecológico de Violência da Organização Panamericana de Saúde (OPAS) e discutir a concepção de violência sob a visão da mulher enquanto gestante. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Desenvolvido em uma maternidade municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas 100 entrevistas estruturadas com puérperas internadas no Alojamento Conjunto. Resultados: dentre as mulheres que sofreram algum tipo de violência, maior proporção de agressão física (67%), sendo o companheiro, na maioria dos casos (33%), uma pessoa próxima à mulher. As vítimas não procuraram um serviço especializado para atendimento (79%). O perfil sócio-demográfico mostrou que a faixa etária predominante foi de 20-29 anos (56%); com um nível de escolaridade baixo, menos de 06 anos de estudo; com uma renda familiar preponderante de mais de 02 salários mínimos e residentes, em sua maioria (27%), da A.P.3.1 Méier. Conclusões: É importante zelar pelos Direitos Humanos e valorizar o atendimento integral à mulher vítima de violência conforme preconiza o Ministério da Saúde e a OPAS. É essencial a existência de uma capacitação contínua para cuidar, frente ao fenômeno da violência, oferecendo um cuidado de Enfermagem ético e humanizado. Descritores: violência contra a mulher; gestantes; mulheres maltratadas; enfermagem.RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los tipos de violencia que sufren en período gestacional, a la luz del modelo ecológico de Violencia de la Organización Panamericana de Salud y debatir el concepto de violencia sobre la visión de la mujer durante el embarazo. Método: estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Fue realizado en una maternidad Municipal de Río de Janeiro. Se realizaron 100 entrevistas con las madres internadas en el Alojamiento Conjunto. Resultados: entre las mujeres que han sufrido algún tipo de violencia, una mayor proporción de agresiones físicas (67%) y el agresor, en la mayoría de los casos (33%), una persona cercana a la mujer. Las víctimas no buscan un servicio especializado en la atención (79%). El perfil sociodemográfico mostró que el rango de edad predominante fue 20-29 años (56%), con un bajo nivel de escolaridad, menos de 06 años de estudio, con una renta familiar predominante de más de 02 salarios mínimos y los residentes, la mayoría (27%) de A.P.3.1 Meier. Conclusiones: es importante garantizar los derechos humanos y mejorar La atención integral a lãs mujeresvíctimasde la violencia. Es esencial que exista uma formación a La atención, frente el fenômeno de laviolencia, ofreciendouncuidado humano de enfermería. Descriptores: violencia contra la mujer; embarazada; mujeres maltratadas; enfermería.


2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402110360
Author(s):  
Nicholas Barnes

How do organized criminal groups (OCGs) respond to military interventions intended to weaken and subdue them? In many cases, such crackdowns have proven counterproductive as OCGs militarize, engage in violence, and confront state forces directly. Existing studies have pointed to several explanations: inter-criminal competition, unconditional militarized approaches, and existing criminal governance arrangements. Much of this work, however, has focused on national, regional, or even municipal level variation and explanations. This article takes a micro-comparative approach based on 18 months of ethnographic research in a group of Rio de Janeiro favelas (impoverished and informal neighborhoods) divided between three drug trafficking gangs and occupied by the Brazilian military from 2014 to 2015. It argues that an active territorial threat from a rival is the primary mechanism leading OCGs to respond violently to military intervention. It also demonstrates that geographic patterns of recruitment play an important role in where OCG rivalries turn violent during intervention.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-49
Author(s):  
Otávio Raposo

Violence among criminal groups in dispute over domination of drug trafficking in the favelas and intervention by the state security forces in those areas encourage a climate of fear and oppression that intensifies the segregation that historically afflicts their residents. In Maré, an area of Rio de Janeiro made up of sixteen favelas, some of the most powerful drug trafficking factions operate, and armed conflicts and aggressive behavior by the police are commonplace. This is the backdrop against which the residents of Maré and local organizations have mobilized against the constant violations of their human rights, following an upsurge in the number of conflicts. This article intends to debate the issue of violence in Rio de Janeiro, presenting some of the social struggles that the population of Maré has fought in recent times.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam van Noort

Existing research suggests that overt undemocratic behavior by elected officials is insufficiently punished by American voters to electorally discourage democratic backsliding. Evidence for this proposition comes primarily from hypothetical survey experiments with relatively weak treatments. I test this hypothesis using a natural experiment with a powerful treatment: Donald Trump's incitement of the insurrection of the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. The insurrection was unexpected to the general public, did not coincide with other events that could plausibly affect public opinion, and occurred while Gallup was conducting a nationally representative survey using random digit dialing. Comparing vote choice intention among respondents that were interviewed just before, and just after, the insurrection occurred suggests that the insurrection caused a 10.8% decline in support for the Republican Party, and an 8.4% increase in support for the Democratic Party. Politicians interested in winning elections have strong incentives to avoid insurrection-like events from occurring.


ILUMINURAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Henrique De Oliveira

Este artigo analisa as certezas e incertezas do trabalho de campo a partir de uma pesquisa realizada com policiais militares na cidade do Rio de Janeiro sobre as juventudes com as quais os policiais lidam em seu cotidiano. O trabalho de campo é uma etapa do fazer antropológico extremamente importante, mas analisar as percepções e práticas de um grupo onde a desconfiança é a norma provoca muitos obstáculos e desafios à pesquisa. A relação entre policiais e jovens é repleta de conflitos e não raramente os policiais são autores e vítimas de violência. Entretanto, nesta pesquisa procurei compreender os policiais em seus próprios termos, sem necessariamente julgá-los em suas ações. Somente deste modo é possível caminhar entre as incertezas inerentes ao trabalho de campo.Palavras-chave: Polícia. Conflitos. Juventude. Incertezas. Trabalho de campo.Police and youth: conflicts, uncertainties and (dis)trustsAbstractThis article examines the certainties and uncertainties of field work from a survey of police officers in the city of Rio de Janeiro on youths with which the police deal in their daily lives. Fieldwork is an extremely important stage of anthropological do but analyze the perceptions and practices of a group where distrust is the norm causes many obstacles and challenges to research. The relationship between police and youth is full of conflicts and often the police are perpetrators and victims of violence. However, this research sought to understand the police on their own terms, without necessarily judging them in their actions. Only in this way can walk among the uncertainties inherent in fieldwork.Key words: Police. Conflicts. Youth. Uncertainties. Field work. 


1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 641-641
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document