scholarly journals "This is Iraq. People are afraid." Resistance and mobilization in the Maré favelas (Rio de Janeiro)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-49
Author(s):  
Otávio Raposo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Criminal Groups

Violence among criminal groups in dispute over domination of drug trafficking in the favelas and intervention by the state security forces in those areas encourage a climate of fear and oppression that intensifies the segregation that historically afflicts their residents. In Maré, an area of Rio de Janeiro made up of sixteen favelas, some of the most powerful drug trafficking factions operate, and armed conflicts and aggressive behavior by the police are commonplace. This is the backdrop against which the residents of Maré and local organizations have mobilized against the constant violations of their human rights, following an upsurge in the number of conflicts. This article intends to debate the issue of violence in Rio de Janeiro, presenting some of the social struggles that the population of Maré has fought in recent times.

scholarly journals Cultura de Paz e Diálogo no Âmbito da Cooperação entre as Religiões na Contenção do Extremismo que leva ao Terrorismo

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sander Xavier Pires
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
International Security ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Culture Of Peace

CULTURA DE PAZ E DIÁLOGO NO ÂMBITO DA COOPERAÇÃO ENTRE AS RELIGIÕES NA CONTENÇÃO DO EXTREMISMO QUE LEVA AO TERRORISMO  CULTURE OF PEACE AND DIALOGUE IN THE CONTEXT OF COOPERATION BETWEEN RELIGIONS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST EXTREMISM LEADING TO TERRORISM   Alex Sander Xavier Pires*  RESUMO: As instabilidades sócio-políticas vêm se intensificando nos últimos anos com maior visibilidade dos conflitos armados e atos de violência, especialmente contra civis, motivados por discursos de ideologia religiosa conducentes a perseguições e extermínios injustificados de pessoas contrários às premissas de direitos humanos. Assim, as Nações Unidas intensificaram a campanha para consecução do princípio maior de garantia da paz em ambiente de segurança internacional para todos, centrado na difusão de uma cultura de paz inspirada na eliminação de todas as formas de intolerância e discriminação fundadas na religião acolhedora da indução de um Direito à Paz (A/RES/71/189), que favorece a análise da coerência do discurso atual pelo viés normativo inspirado no diálogo assentado nas Resoluções da Assembleia Geral, especialmente a A/RES/71/249. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cultura de paz. Diálogo. Cooperação. Religião. Terrorismo. ABSTRACT: In recent years, socio-political instability has intensified with increased visibility of armed conflicts and acts of violence, especially against civilians, motivated by discourses of religious ideology leading to unjustified persecutions and murders of people opposed to human rights premises. The United Nations has therefore stepped up its campaign to achieve the principle of guaranteeing peace in an international security environment for all, converging to spread a culture of peace inspired by the elimination of all forms of intolerance and discrimination based on the religion that induces A Right to Peace (A/RES/71/189), which favors the analysis of the coherence of the current discourse by the normative bias inspired by the dialogue based on the Resolutions of the General Assembly, especially A/RES/71/249. KEYWORDS: Culture of Peace. Dialogue. Cooperation. Religion. Terrorism.  SUMÃRIO: Introdução. 1 Carta das Nações Unidas: fundamentos, propósitos e princípios inspiradores da Declaração sobre o Direito à Paz que recepciona a cultura de paz e o diálogo no âmbito da compreensão e da cooperação entre religiões. 2 A/RES/53/243 nos domínios da A/RES/71/189: Cultura de Paz inserida no microssistema de Direito à Paz. 3 A/RES/36/55: eliminação de todas as formas de intolerância e discriminação fundadas na religião ou nas convicções. 4 A/71/407: ponderação sobre a cultura de paz e diálogo. 5 A/RES/71/249: promoção do diálogo, da compreensão e da cooperação entre religiões e culturas em prol da paz. 6 A/RES/70/109: um mundo contra a violência e o extremismo violento. 7 A/RES/70/291. Conclusão. Referências. ________________________* Pós-Doutor em Direito pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. Doutor em Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais pela Universidad del Museo Social Argentino, Argentina. Doutor em Ciência Política pelo Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro, vinculado à Universidade Cândido Mendes. Docente no Departamento de Direito da Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa (UAL), Portugal. Investigador convidado do Centro de I&D sobre Direito e Sociedade da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (CEDIS/FD/UNL). Investigador do Centro de I&D em Ciências Jurídicas da Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa – Ratio Legis – (RL/UAL). Advogado.

Executive Assaults and the Social Foundations of Democracy in Ecuador

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (01) ◽  
pp. 121-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Barndt
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
State Security ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Although Ecuadorian presidents tolerate most opposition voices most of the time, they routinely try to restrict the basic political liberties of particular critics. In doing so, they initiate executive assaults. Why do some of these executive assaults succeed while others fail? This article analyzes patterns of support for and opposition to publicly contested assaults in Ecuador between 1979 and 2004. Using a combination of statistical tests and a case study, it develops an argument based on the relative power of different types of organizations and associations to influence the outcomes of assault conflicts. The analysis demonstrates that executive assaults fail only when neither the state security forces nor the business sector supports them. In this situation, particular business organizations are able to force presidents to back down. The analysis provides new insights into the social foundations of democratic practice in Ecuador, and Latin America more broadly.

scholarly journals Drug Trafficking and Youth Mortality in Brazil: An Expression of Human Rights’ Violations

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Motta Costa ◽  
Dani Rudnicki ◽  
Julia Maia Goldani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Social Causes

This paper aims to analyze the intersectional problematic that surrounds the vio-lations of adolescents’ human rights that happen in Brazil nowadays. It focuses, more specifically, on the involvement of these youths with drug trafficking, and on the relations between their participation in crime and the rising mortality rates amidst young age groups. A large part of Brazil’s children and teenagers grow up in contexts of social vulnerability, lack of opportunities, difficult access to economical assets, and personal devaluation. This situation often pushes young individuals into involvement with drug trafficking or armed robbery, since crime represents, in their context, a possibility for economic and social ascendance. In parallel, the criminal policy adopted by the Brazilian State, synthesized in the expression “war on drugs” and manifested in the promulgation of Law 11.343/06, focuses on repressive police actions, and favors imprisonment, while doing nothing to attack the social causes of the problem. The result is the mass incarceration of young and economically disfavored individuals as well as, not infrequently, their deaths during police approaches, characterizing a situation where these adoles-cents are both perpetuators and victims of violence.

Haiti’s police will struggle without UN troops

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Criminal Investigations ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Funding Cuts

Subject Security in Haiti. Significance Latin American delegates at the UN General Assembly’s Fifth Committee warned on December 18 against funding cuts to the UN Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH). Peacekeeping troops withdrew from Haiti in mid-October and were replaced with a smaller force involved only in training and supporting local police. Haiti’s security forces appear to be struggling with their new responsibilities. The police have already been accused of human rights abuses, and several officers have been killed in raids on criminal groups. Impacts The withdrawal of UN troops is leaving the domestic police ill experienced in conducting criminal investigations. A new expansion in the size or scope of UN operations is unlikely, even if the Haitian police prove incapable. Lacking transparency in financing and recruitment suggests the army’s expansion will be slower than intended.

Woman, Mother, Human Rights Defender

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Débora Maria da Silva ◽  
Raiane Patrícia Severino Assumpção
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
Personal Loss

In this chapter, Débora Maria da Silva gives testimony to the disappearance and killing of her son Edson on 15 May 2006 in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. His death occurred as part of what has been termed the ‘May Crimes’ in which state security forces have been implicated in the murder and enforced disappearance of hundreds of youths in that month alone. Mothers, like Débora Maria da Silva, organised the May Mothers group to seek investigation and redress for the crimes they call a genocide of young, poor, black youths. Because state authorities deem these victims to be criminals, not because of their acts but because of what they look like and where they live, they become ‘disposable’. Mothers have transformed their personal loss into collective action to demand an end to the violence, investigation into deaths and disappearance, and justice for wrongdoing.

When Security Threatens Human Rights: Reviewing the Case of Central Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Vera Axyonova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Eu

On joining the OSCE, states undertake comprehensive human-rights commitments. How have the states of Central Asia, whose regimes are not known for their progressive character in such matters, balanced concerns for security with human rights? The paper examines four incidents of human-rights abuses by state security forces. It further critically considers the efforts of the EU and the OSCE to pursue a security agenda while also promoting human rights in Central Asia; the latter have often suffered at the hands of the former. This looks set to continue as the focus on “hard security” issues remains.

scholarly journals Ochrona” infrastruktury gospodarczej KWK „Katowice” przez Służbę Bezpieczeństwa w latach 80. XX w. (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sprawy obiektowej o kryptonimie „Carbon”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-656
Author(s):  
Piotr Franaszek
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
The State ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Reality

“Protection” of Silesian hard coal mines by the state Security Service in the 1980s (on the example of hard coal mine “Katowice”) During the entire period of the Polish People’s Republic the Polish state security forces conducted surveillance operations of factories and other workplaces. All spheres of activity – political, social and economic – were controlled. These actions intensified in the 1980s, a unique period in the recent history of Poland, after the workers’ strikes in August 1980 and the creation of the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union (NSZZ) “Solidarność”. In response to the upheaval, the martial law was introduced, casting a grim shadow on the social and economic reality of the entire decade. Because of the importance of coal mining for the country’s economic system, the activities of state security forces were meticulously carried out in the mines, including the hard coal mine “Katowice”. All actions were controlled and recorded, not only those of workers who sympathized with powers hostile to the regime, but any event disturbing the rhythm of work – entirely coincidental events were tracked alongside possible cases of sabotage. Regardless of the real intentions behind these activities, this scrutiny of the state apparatus created a kind of chronicle of events that took place in the hard coal mine “Katowice” in the period under discussion.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Reality of State Violence in Western Zimbabwe, 1982-1987

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Zhira
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Power ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Robert Mugabe

The Zimbabwean slate waged a sustained terror campaign in the southern and western parts of the country from 1982 to 1987. An estimated twenty thousand men, women, and children died during the campaign. Most victims were murdered by state security forces, and others succumbed to conditions of disease and deprivation. The origins, nature, and impact of this conflict are the subject of considerable contention, particularly between analysts, human rights activists, and the government of President Robert Mugabe. Official inquiries into the conduct of the state and its agents have had difficulty gaining access to relevant records, and the government has repeatedly denounced the findings of independent investigations as slanderous. The terror operation waged in Matebeleland and the Midlands provinces can be used as evidence to argue that the government of President Mugabe from early on in its rule developed a tradition of using violence and intolerance as a tool for consolidating political power.

scholarly journals History of disappearance in México: profiles, modus and motivations.

2017 ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Óscar Daniel Rodríguez Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Studies

The enforced disappearance as serious human rights violations had been practiced in México constantly. The profiles of missing people, the modus and the motivations had been changed as well as the context, for this reason, our research studies the evolution of the some variables, from political reasons in the authoritarian rule of past century up to the social crisis that began with the fight against drug trafficking. The enforced disappearance is a big problem no only by the number of victims (30,000) but also for the corruption and impunity that surround this crime in a supposed context of democracy.  

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