scholarly journals The Shared Economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC LOH
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Utility ◽  
National Income ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Household Disposable Income ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Abstract: The theory of marginal utility describes how consumers choose between goods. However, marginal utility has also found application in a wide range of weightier subjects. For example, marginal utility can be used in the allocation of resources in healthcare programmes. This paper posits that marginal utility is also applicable in the allocation of the national income among corporations, government, and households. Using data from the UK Office for National Statistics, this paper finds that for the most part of the decade, from 2009 to 2018, household disposable income fell short of what might be considered an optimal share of the national income.

scholarly journals Demand, dysfunction and distribution: The UK growth model from neoliberalism to the knowledge economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 136914812110580
Author(s):  
Nick O’Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
National Income ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Capital Ownership

Theories of ‘growth models’ explain capitalist diversity by reference to shifting drivers of aggregate demand in different national economies. This article expands the growth models framework beyond its conventional focus on debt-driven and export-driven demand, through an ideational analysis of Thatcher’s vision of a property-owning democracy, and Blair’s knowledge-driven growth agenda. Drawing on policymakers’ statements, it shows how these hypothetical growth models differed from the debt-driven growth model that ultimately prevailed. Using data on the distribution of wealth and wages, it highlights how both approaches failed to generate sustainable demand; in Thatcher’s case, because of an insufficiently broad distribution of capital ownership, in Blair’s case, because of an insufficiently broad distribution of lucrative knowledge work. This indicates that explanations of dysfunctional growth models need to consider not just the split of national income between labour and capital, but also the distribution of both labour income and capital income between households.

Development, Calibration and Further Data Requirements of the Sewer Flow Quality Model Mosqito

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Payne ◽  
G. D. Moys ◽  
C. J. Hutchings ◽  
R. J. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Quality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

MOSQITO is the initial version of a sever flow quality model being developed by Hydraulics Research Ltd and the Water Research Centre as part of the UK River Basin Management programme. MOSQITO I simulates the time-varying behaviour of suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide on catchment surfaces and in sewer systems. The model produces discharge pollutographs for these determinands which can be used as input to a river water quality model. MOSQITO consists of four sub-models which represent washoff from catchment surfaces, foul water inflow, pollutant behaviour in pipes and channels, and pollutant behaviour in ancillary structures within drainage systems. These sub-models are linked to the flow simulation model incorporated in the WALLRUS package which is the latest computer implementation of the Wallingford Procedure. The rationale behind the model, its structure and its operational basis have been discussed elsewhere (Moys and Henderson, 1988) and are therefore described briefly so that emphasis can be placed on the aspects which follow. Calibration and verification of the model are being carried out using data from a variety of experimental catchments in the UK. These catchments have been selected to exhibit a wide range of characteristics and include separate and combined sewer systems. Results of the calibration work are presented together with illustrations of the performance of the various sub-models and the overall model.

Constructing a graphical model of the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function based on a systematic review of prospective evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Campbell ◽  
Karl Ferguson ◽  
Jessica Whyte ◽  
Breda Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Practice Method ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Elucidating the factors that contribute to healthy ageing is an important research goal. Physical activity (PA) has been associated with benefits for cognitive function (CF). However, most of this evidence comes from longitudinal cohort studies which, in the absence of experimental design, have limited scope to make causal inferences regarding observed relationships. This review aimed to utilise recent methodological developments allowing researchers to formulate and answer stronger causal questions using observational data, by following a best-practice method for synthesising evidence to produce a graphical causal model known as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Following a search of 3 databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO), 21 observational studies on the PA-CF relationship were reviewed and their methodological quality, characteristics, and key findings were summarised. The outcomes of interest were the covariates and modelling practices employed in each study. The reported covariates were synthesised against a set of criteria to determine their role in the DAG as confounders or mediators of the PA-CF relationship. Every included study had some areas of methodological weakness. The resulting DAG included a wide range of biopsychosocial covariates spanning the entire life-course and indicated potential intermediate pathways between PA and CF via structural brain health. Strengths, limitations and implications of this review for modelling decisions are discussed, prior to the model being taken forward to inform an empirical analysis using data from the UK Biobank cohort, separate from this review.

The UK Savings Gap

2006 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Khoman ◽  
Martin Weale
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
National Income ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

We set out a framework for measuring the adequacy of saving in the United Kingdom by assessing the absolute level of savings based on individual preferences of different ages. We examine this relationship between age and savings using data from the Expenditure and Food Survey 2004–5. We show that, while the level of national saving is about 8.4 percentage points of net national income lower than is required if one assumes that each cohort pays its own way, wealth holdings are considerably higher than are required on the same basis. Looking at household, rather than national saving, the current pattern of benefits on public sector pensions removes the need to save for old age. While perhaps £4000m of household wealth holding can be accounted for by bequest and other transfer motives, our results suggest excess wealth holding of around £1600m in 2004.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF MASS OBSERVATION DATA IN SOCIAL RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S756-S757
Author(s):  
Paul Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Responding to the opportunities and challenges of an ageing world the University of Chester established the Centre for Ageing, Mental Health and Veterans’ Studies in 2013 to provide research, consultancy and education, with the aim of promoting innovation in health and social care services for older people. This symposium brings together researchers from a wide range of disciplines and career stages, to explore the utility of Mass observation data in social research in the field of gerontology. The Mass Observation Project, established in 1937, documents the lives of ordinary people living in the UK, and explores a wide range of social issues. The symposium comprises four separate papers. The Methodological Relevance of Mass Observation Data: This preliminary overview will outline the mass observation archive, highlighting challenges and issues encountered utilising the data produced in social research. Personal Narratives of Ageing: This paper presents personal narratives reflecting on the ageing process, and growing older in the UK. The Health Impact of Scams: This presentation will offer new and alternate insights into ‘scams’ and the health effects of fraud on older people, using data from the mass observation directive commissioned by the centre. Perceptions of Dementia: This paper presents a perspective on the public knowledge and understanding about dementia not previously considered, where respondents have written openly about their own experiences, and reflected on their perception of the wider public’s knowledge and understanding about dementia.

scholarly journals The UK Workforce: Changes to Home Working During the Pandemic & What this Means for the Future.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Johns ◽  
Sashin Ahuja ◽  
Sara Khalil ◽  
Mike Ogonovsky ◽  
Alka Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dominant Theme ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

<p><i>Using data from a larger study, a theme on ‘homeworking’ emerged. Data from 437 semi-structured interviews with NHS professionals across a wide range of specialities identified a dominant theme of ‘homeworking’. Using this themed data, a short preliminary article has been produced with an infographic guide that is developed as a generic guide, not just for NHS staff<b>. </b>There are considerable benefits relating to the current changes in working patterns, with now many working from home, however there are also challenges and risks associated to these changes, which require further exploration to ensure that the UK workforce is best utilised, yet protected. This article provides an overview of this data, and a helpful hints and tips infographic. A larger, UK-based study is now underway (in NHS and other) to explore the experience of homeworking, and understand its benefits and challenges in more depth to help inform government policymaking decisions in the UK. </i></p>

scholarly journals The UK Workforce: Changes to Home Working During the Pandemic & What this Means for the Future.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Johns ◽  
Sashin Ahuja ◽  
Sara Khalil ◽  
Mike Ogonovsky ◽  
Alka Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dominant Theme ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

<p><i>Using data from a larger study, a theme on ‘homeworking’ emerged. Data from 437 semi-structured interviews with NHS professionals across a wide range of specialities identified a dominant theme of ‘homeworking’. Using this themed data, a short preliminary article has been produced with an infographic guide that is developed as a generic guide, not just for NHS staff<b>. </b>There are considerable benefits relating to the current changes in working patterns, with now many working from home, however there are also challenges and risks associated to these changes, which require further exploration to ensure that the UK workforce is best utilised, yet protected. This article provides an overview of this data, and a helpful hints and tips infographic. A larger, UK-based study is now underway (in NHS and other) to explore the experience of homeworking, and understand its benefits and challenges in more depth to help inform government policymaking decisions in the UK. </i></p>

An early mainstream economist from Hungary: István Varga (1897–1962)

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Majoros
Keyword(s):  
Austrian Economic ◽  
National Income ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Turbulent Times ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
Lasting Influence

The study introduces a Hungarian economic thinker, István Varga*, whose valuable activity has remained unexplored up to now. He became an economic thinker during the 1920s, in a country that had not long before become independent of Austria. The role played by Austria in the modern economic thinking of that time was a form of competition with the thought adhered to by the UK and the USA. Hungarian economists mainly interpreted and commented on German and Austrian theories, reasons for this being that, for example, the majority of Hungarian economists had studied at German and Austrian universities, while at Hungarian universities principally German and Austrian economic theories were taught. István Varga was familiar not only with contemporary German economics but with the new ideas of Anglo-Saxon economics as well — and he introduced these ideas into Hungarian economic thinking. He lived and worked in turbulent times, and historians have only been able to appreciate his activity in a limited manner. The work of this excellent economist has all but been forgotten, although he was of international stature. After a brief summary of Varga’s profile the study will demonstrate the lasting influence he has had in four areas — namely, business cycle research and national income estimations, the 1946 Hungarian stabilisation program, corporate profit, and consumption economics — and will go on to summarise his most important achievements.

ESRC Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 657-698
Author(s):  
Simeon J. Yates ◽  
Jordana Blejmar
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Technological World ◽  
Ways Of Being

Two workshops were part of the final steps in the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) commissioned Ways of Being in a Digital Age project that is the basis for this Handbook. The ESRC project team coordinated one with the UK Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (ESRC-DSTL) Workshop, “The automation of future roles”; and one with the US National Science Foundation (ESRC-NSF) Workshop, “Changing work, changing lives in the new technological world.” Both workshops sought to explore the key future social science research questions arising for ever greater levels of automation, use of artificial intelligence, and the augmentation of human activity. Participants represented a wide range of disciplinary, professional, government, and nonprofit expertise. This chapter summarizes the separate and then integrated results. First, it summarizes the central social and economic context, the method and project context, and some basic definitional issues. It then identifies 11 priority areas needing further research work that emerged from the intense interactions, discussions, debates, clustering analyses, and integration activities during and after the two workshops. Throughout, it summarizes how subcategories of issues within each cluster relate to central issues (e.g., from users to global to methods) and levels of impacts (from wider social to community and organizational to individual experiences and understandings). Subsections briefly describe each of these 11 areas and their cross-cutting issues and levels. Finally, it provides a detailed Appendix of all the areas, subareas, and their specific questions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document